1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 22.4Testing Protocol for Pressure, Differential Pressure, and Temperature Measuring DevicesFIRST EDITION, JULY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local, state
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5、 Petroleum Measurement Standards should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business, scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing the information contained therein.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effor
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12、strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.The verbal forms used to express the provisions in this document are as follows.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the standard.Should: As used in a standard, “shoul
13、d” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in order to conform to the standard.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.This d
14、ocument was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the proc
15、edures under which this publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addre
16、ssed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8
17、000. A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPage1 Scope . . . . .
18、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . 13 Terms and Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Field of Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Parameter Variations Affecting Device Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.1 API 22.4 Baseline Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.2 Influence Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35.3 Special Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 Test Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 Transmitter and Data Acquisition Conditioning and Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.3 Test Data and Calculated Results . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.4 API 22.4 Baseline Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 Influence Testing.
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.6 External Interference Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . 107 Test Facility Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117.1 Lab/Facility Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、. . . . . . . . . . . . 117.2 Audit Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Uncertainty Analysis and Calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128.1 Types of Uncertainty Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Test Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) Refinement of Transmitter API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy with Verification Data . . . . . 22Annex B (normative) Linearity, Hysteresis, Repeatability, API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy and Calculations . . 27Annex C (norma
30、tive) Rangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Annex D (normative) Field Calibration vs Field Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Figures1 Typi
31、cal Test Installation for Digital and Analog Output Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyTest Data and Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyRepeatabili
32、ty/Hysteresis Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracySummary Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Section 6.4.1, API 22.4 Baseline AccuracyTest Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33、 . . . . . . . . 166 Section 6.4.2, API 22.4 Temperature Transmitter Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17ivContentsPage7 Section 6.5.1, Ambient Operation Temperature InfluenceZero and Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Section 6.
34、5.2, Day/Night Cycle TestPressure and Differential Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Section 6.5.3, Pressure Operating Effect on Differential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1910 Section 6.5.4.1, PressurePressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . .
35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2011 Section 6.5.4.2, PressureDifferential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2012 Section 6.5.4.3, Operating Over-rangeDifferential Pressure Transmitter . . . . . . . . . .
36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21A.1 Percentage of Span and Percentage of Reading Representation of a 0.1 % of Span Accuracy . . . . . . 22A.2 Verification Data with API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Error Bars and Percent of Reading Uncertainty . . 23A.3 Uncertainty Calculation Limited by the Next Lower Verif
37、ication Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24A.4 Slope Trim of the 40 Percent Verification Point and the As-left Verification Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25A.5 API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Nonlinearity and Uncertainty Based on Verification Data . . . . . . . . . . .
38、. . 26A.6 Simplified API 22.4 Baseline Accuracy Nonlinearity and Uncertainty Based on Verification Data . . . . 26B.1 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27B.2 Example of Transmitter Digital Tes
39、t Results Linearity Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28B.3 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results Repeatability Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29B.4 Example of Transmitter Digital Test Results Hysteresis Calculations . . . .
40、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30B.5 Example Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31B.6 Example Calculations Based on Test Results in Figure B.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32C.1 Example of Standard and Extended Calibrated Span Turndown Rangeability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Tables1 Matrix of API 22.4 Testing Requirements for Transmitters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42、. 32 Minimum Required Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Electronics Ambient Temperature and Sensor Temperature Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Ambient Temperature T
43、est Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Differential Pressure TransmitterOperating Pressure Test Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Pressure Maximum Operating Pressure Test Cy
44、cle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Differential Pressure Maximum Pressure Test Cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 150 % Over-range Test Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Required Tests and Example Test Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13vIntroductionThis document defines the testing protocol and reporting protoc
46、ols for families of devices used to measure differential pressure, pressure, and temperature for the purpose of determining flow rates for hydrocarbon fluids. This testing protocol is designed to supply industry with capabilities of these devices that can be compared when they are used under similar
47、 operating conditions. The objectives of this testing protocol are to: a) Ensure that the user of any differential pressure, pressure, and temperature device knows its performance characteristics under the prescribed Chapter 22.4 testing conditions (units should only be compared when tested at the s
48、ame time), b) Facilitate both the understanding and the introduction of new technologies,c) Provide information about relative performance characteristics of the differential pressure, pressure, and temperature devices under standardized API 22.4 testing protocol, andd) Provide a standardized proces
49、s for reporting transmitter API 22.4 tested performance.To accomplish these objectives, this testing protocol defines the test limits for operating conditions of the devices, the requirements of the facility or facilities to perform the tests and encompasses any device capable of measuring differential pressure, pressure, and temperature.vi1Testing Protocol for Pressure, Differential Pressure, and Temperature Measuring Devices1 Scope This testing protocol documents the method for testing the performance characteristics specific to pressure, differential pressure, and temperature
