1、IEEE Std C57.129-2007(Revision of IEEE Std C57.129-1999) IEEE Standard for GeneralRequirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC ConverterTransformers IEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA29 January 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theTransformers Committee C57.129TMIEEE Std
2、 C57.129-2007 (Revision of IEEE Std C57.129-1999) IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Approved 27 September 2007 IEEE-SA Standards Board Abstract: The electrical, mechan
3、ical, and physical requirements of oil-immersed single-phase and three-phase converter transformers are specified in this standard. Tests are described and test code defined. Devices such as arc furnace transformers and rectifier transformers for industrial or locomotive applications are not covered
4、. Keywords: construction, converter transformers, HVDC, oil-immersed, rating, requirements, test code, tests The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All right
5、s reserved. Published 29 January 2008. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.iv Co
6、pyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.129-2007, IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers. In 1986, the Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society created the HVDC C
7、onverter Transformers and Smoothing Reactors Subcommittee. This subcommittee developed from the working group that prepared Paper 85 SM 375-1, “Recommended Dielectric Tests and Test Procedures for Converter Transformers and Smoothing Reactors.” Although HVDC transformers and smoothing reactors were
8、being built and operated for over 30 years, prior to the initial release of this standard in 1999, there was only a small quantity of papers available that presented suggested test code for HVDC equipment. Two separate standards were developed by the subcommitteeone for oil-immersed transformers and
9、 one for both dry-type and oil-immersed smoothing reactors. (The bibliography in Annex C of IEEE Std C57.129-1999 contains a list of the available papers, which are included in the bibliography of this revision.) This revised standard utilizes feedback from manufacturers and end users based on apply
10、ing the 1999 document. The net result is modification to the test code and the addition of annexes covering overload testing, converter transformers used with voltage source converters, and design review. Notice to users Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the
11、following URL: http:/ standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention i
12、s called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for i
13、dentifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standa
14、rds Association. v Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the HVDC Converter Transformers and Smoothing Reactors Subcommittee Working Group had the following membership: Richard F. Dudley, Chair Raj
15、Ahuja Dennis Allan Sten Andersson Jack Aromin Gene Blackburn Fred E. Elliott Joseph Foldi J. Alan C. Forrest Jan Hajek Peter Heinzig Lars-Erik Juhlin William N. Kennedy Klaus Papp Carlos A. O. Piexoto Ugo Piovan Christoph Pltner Ulf Radbrandt Les Recksiedler Pierre Riffon Michael R. Sharp Robyn Tayl
16、or Joe Watson Tony Weekes Gene Wolf Waldemar Ziomek The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. Wallace B. Binder Gene Blackburn William G. Bloethe Weijen Chen Tommy P. Cooper Alan W. Darwin Di
17、eter Dohnal Richard F. Dudley Fred E. Elliott Gary R. Engmann Joseph Foldi Randall C. Groves Kenneth S. Hanus James D. Huddleston Lars-Erik Juhlin Jim Kulchisky Saumen K. Kundu John G. Lackey Chung-Yiu Lam Stephen R. Lambert Gerald E. Lee John W. Matthews Joseph P. Melanson Gary L. Michel Michael S.
18、 Newman Klaus Papp J. M. Patton Carlos A. O. Peixoto Ugo Piovan Alvaro Portillo Gustav H. Preininger Iulian E. Profir Pierre Riffon Michael A. Roberts Charles W. Rogers Bartien Sayogo Devki N. Sharma Michael R. Sharp Hyeong J. Sim James E. Smith S. Thamilarasan Loren B. Wagenaar Tony Weekes James W.
19、 Wilson Theodore C. Zeiss Waldemar Ziomek Ahmed F. Zobaa vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 27 September 2007, it had the following membership: Steve M. Mills, Chair Robert M. Grow, Vice Chair Don Wright, Past Chair Judith Gorman,
20、Secretary Richard DeBlasio Alex Gelman William R. Goldbach Arnold M. Greenspan Joanna N. Guenin Kenneth S. Hanus William B. Hopf Richard H. Hulett Hermann Koch Joseph L. Koepfinger* John Kulick David J. Law Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Tom A. Prevost Narayanan Ramachandran Greg Ratta Robby Robso
21、n Anne-Marie Sahazizian Virginia C. Sulzberger Malcolm V. Thaden Richard L. Townsend Howard L. Wolfman *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC Representative Michael H. Kelley, NIST Representative Jennie Steinhagen IEEE Sta
22、ndards Program Manager, Document Development Matthew J. Ceglia IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development Contents 1. Scope 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions and letter symbols 2 3.1 Definitions . 2 3.2 Letter symbols . 2 4. General requirementsSystems and environmental d
23、ata 3 4.1 Usual service conditions 3 4.2 Loading at other than rated conditions. 4 4.3 Unusual service conditions 4 4.4 Environmental impact 5 4.5 Synthetic materials 5 4.6 Transformer oil 5 5. Rating data 5 5.1 Cooling classes of converter transformers. 5 5.2 Frequency 5 5.3 Phases 5 5.4 Rated kilo
24、volt-amperes 5 5.5 Rated current . 6 5.6 Voltage ratings and taps for converter transformers 6 5.7 Connections . 6 5.8 Polarity, angular displacement, and terminal markings for converter transformers 6 5.9 Impedance 6 5.10 Total losses 6 5.11 Insulation levels. 10 5.12 Temperature rise and loading c
25、onditions. 13 5.13 Loss capitalization rates. 13 5.14 Sound level limits 13 5.15 Auxiliary power supply voltage. 13 5.16 On-load tap changers . 13 6. Construction . 13 6.1 General 13 6.2 Tank and component design 13 6.3 Oil preservation . 14 6.4 Auxiliary equipment 14 6.5 Electrical connections 16 6
26、.6 Nameplate 16 vii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. 7. Tests . 17 7.1 General 17 7.2 Routine, design, and other tests . 17 7.3 Additional routine tests for converter transformers with load tap changing or regulating transformers . 17 8. Test c
27、ode. 17 8.1 General 17 8.2 Resistance measurements 17 8.3 Polarity and phase-relation tests 17 8.4 Ratio tests 19 8.5 No-load losses and excitation current 19 8.6 Impedance and load losses. 19 8.7 Dielectric tests . 21 8.8 Temperature rise 26 8.9 Short-circuit test 27 8.10 Audible sound test . 27 8.
28、11 Gas detector system operating test. 27 9. Tolerances 27 9.1 Tolerance on ratio 27 9.2 Tolerance on impedance 27 9.3 Tolerance on losses 28 Annex A (informative) Determination of loss adjustment factors 29 Annex B (informative) Laboratory power testing concepts and methodologies under consideratio
29、n 34 Annex C (informative) In-service overloading of HVDC converter transformers . 36 Annex D (informative) HVDC converter transformers for use with voltage source converters. 42 Annex E (informative) Design review 44 Annex F (informative) Bibliography 46 1 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.
30、IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers 1. Scope This standard specifies the electrical, mechanical, and physical requirements of oil-immersed single-phase and three-phase converter transformers. This standard does not apply to other devices,
31、 such as the following: Arc furnace transformers Rectifier transformers for industrial or locomotive applications 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is
32、cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. ANSI C84.1-2006, American National Standard for Electric Po
33、wer Systems and EquipmentVoltage Ratings (60 Hertz).1IEEE Std C57.12.00-2006, IEEE Standard General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers.2, 3IEEE Std C57.12.80-2002, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers. 1ANSI publications are
34、 available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA (http:/www.ansi.org/). 2IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/sta
35、ndards.ieee.org/). 3The IEEE standards or products referred to in this clause are trademarks of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. IEEE Std C57.129-2007 IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Converter Transformers IEEE Std C57.12.90-2006,
36、 IEEE Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers. IEEE Std C57.18.10-1998 (Reaff 2003), IEEE Standard Practices and Requirements for Semiconductor Power Rectifier Transformers. IEEE Std C57.19.00-2004, IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Procedure
37、s for Outdoor Power Apparatus Bushings. IEEE Std C57.19.03-2005, IEEE Standard Requirements, Terminology, and Test Code for Bushings for DC Applications. IEEE Std C57.113-1991, IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge Measurement in Liquid-Filled Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors. IEEE Std C62.1-1989 (R
38、eaff 1994), IEEE Standard for Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for AC Power Circuits. IEEE Std C62.2-1987 (Reaff 1994), IEEE Guide for the Application of Gapped Silicon-Carbide Surge Arresters for Alternating Current Systems. IEEE Std C62.11-2005, IEEE Standard for Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters
39、for AC Power Circuits (1 kV). IEEE Std C62.22-1997, IEEE Guide for the Application of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters for Alternating-Current Systems. 3.3.13.2Definitions and letter symbols Definitions Standard transformer terminology available in IEEE Std C57.12.80-20024shall apply, and The Authoritati
40、ve Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms B165should be referenced for terms not defined in this standard. Letter symbols EACapplied AC applied voltage for transformer test dc-side winding(s) Ed Maximum dc rated voltage per valve bridge (= EDCSystem/ Ntot) EDC Applied voltage for transformer test EDCSys
41、tem Maximum dc rated voltage of system EPR Polarity reversal voltage for transformer test EVO Maximum phase-to-phase ac operating voltage of valve winding of converter transformer Fh Loss adjustment factor at harmonic h h Harmonic number I Root-sum-square (RSS) equivalent value of the actual nonsinu
42、soidal full load current 4Information on references can be found in Clause 2. 5The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex F. 2 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C57.129-2007 IEEE Standard for General Requirements and Test Code for Oil-Immersed HVDC Conv
43、erter Transformers Ih Magnitude of harmonic current, per unit of rated nameplate current R DC resistance N Number of six-pulse bridges in series from the dc neutral of the converter station to the converter bridge connected to the subject transformer Ntot Total number of six-pulse bridges in series
44、from the dc neutral of the converter station to the dc line terminal (usually Ntot= 2) P0 I2R (ohmic) losses at rated current Ph Total load loss at harmonic h PCL Total no-load loss PLLG Load loss used in determining guaranteed total losses PLLT Calculated total load loss under service conditions PT
45、L Total loss under service conditions (used for temperature rise test) Pwe Eddy losses in winding at fundamental frequency Pse Stray losses in structural parts at fundamental frequency w Per unit eddy losses in windings divided by total stray and eddy losses (all losses at fundamental frequency) 4.4
46、.14.1.14.1.24.1.34.1.4General requirementsSystems and environmental data Usual service conditions General Converter transformers conforming to this standard shall be suitable for operation at rated kilovolt-amperes under the usual service conditions defined in IEEE Std C57.12.00-2006 except where cl
47、early not applicable to converter transformers, or when otherwise specified in this standard. Temperature For parts such as the dc-side bushings that project into a valve hall, ambient temperatures exceeding 40 C shall not be regarded as a usual service condition. AC system voltage The voltage appli
48、ed to the ac-side winding shall be approximately sinusoidal (e.g., maximum total harmonic distortion of 3% to 5% with no individual harmonic exceeding 1%), and the phase voltages supplying a polyphase transformer shall be approximately equal in magnitude and time displacement. In addition, the maxim
49、um continuous ac operating voltage for the ac-side windings of converter transformers shall not exceed the levels specified in ANSI C84.1-2006. Load current The currents flowing into converter transformers are rich in harmonics. The system designer shall provide the harmonic content in the winding(s) to the manufacturer, and also provide the magnitude of the residual dc current in the dc-side winding(s). When there is more than one valve winding on a core leg, the amplitude of each harmonic in each winding shall be specified. In addition, the ve
