1、 Reference number ISO 11940-2:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11940-2 First edition 2007-05-01 Information and documentation Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin characters Part 2: Simplified transcription of Thai language Information et documentation Translittration des caractre
2、s tha en caractres latins Partie 2: Transcription simplifie de la langue tha ISO 11940-2:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded
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7、n Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reserved ISO 2007 All rights reserved iii Contents Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v 1 2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Terms and denitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 Pronunciation rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 ISO 11940-2:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is norma
12、lly carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in th
13、e work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare
14、International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
15、of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 11940-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation. ISO 11940 consists of the following parts, under the genera
16、l title Information and documentation Transliteration of Thai characters into Latin characters: Part 2: Simplied transcription of Thai language ISO 11940:1998, Information and documentation Transliteration of Thai, is to be renumbered ISO 11940-1. ISO 11940-2:2007(E) v Introduction This part of ISO
17、11940 provides a specication for the conversion of Thai characters (or the transliteration of Thai obtained from ISO 11940:1998, written here ) into a broad phonetic transcription. The results of the application of the rules of this part of ISO 11940 are written here in italics between square bracke
18、ts. Since some vowels in Thai are written before the consonant which they follow in speech, text needs to be processed before the conversion takes place. The preposed vowels - , - , - , - , and - are to be placed after an initial or an initial cluster so that the phonotactics of the transposition wi
19、ll behave the same way in the languages that make use of the Latin script. The transcription obtained using this part of ISO 11940 cannot be converted back to the transliteration which usually can be retransliterated to the Thai characters. Certain Thai words can have more than one reading depending
20、 on its meaning in a certain context. It is best for a transcriber to have a knowledge of the Thai language. The simplied phonetic transcription system devised here aims to be done automatically by machine with minor assistance of human beings to select the correct transcription in relation to its m
21、eaning provided that pronunciation rules can be written in computer algorithm. A human decision is needed in instances where a word has more than one choice of phonetic transcription. ISO 2007 All rights reserved ISO 11940-2:2007(E) 1 Information and documentation Transliteration of Thai characters
22、into Latin characters Part 2: Simplied transcription of Thai language 1 Scope This part of ISO 11940 includes pronunciation rules and conversion tables of Thai consonants and vowels. These rules are applied, in order, to each word which can be looked up or compared in the Dictionary of the Thai Roya
23、l Institute or a dictionary of Thai pronunciation. A short-long vowel is not distinguished in the simplied transcription system. The vowels - , - , - , and - are represented by a single transcription /o/. The simplied transcription system does not include the pronunciation of the tone(s) on each wor
24、d. Whenever the full pronunciation of each word is necessary or needed, conversion of long vowels can be devised and tone rules can be added to the system to achieve the full pronunciation of each word. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application o
25、f this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 11940:1998, Information and documentation Transliteration of Thai 3 Terms and denitions For the purposes of this docume
26、nt, the following terms and denitions apply. 3.1 nonseries consonants liquids, fricatives, and semivowels 3.2 phonotactics possible sequences of sounds that are acceptable in a particular language 3.3 series consonant stops, affricates, and nasals which are classied according to their points of arti
27、culation, such as series 1 for velars, series 2 for alveopalatals or palatals, series 3 and 4 for dentals or alveolars, series 5 for bilabials ISO 2007 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11940-2:2007(E)2 3.4 transcriber one who does a conversion of Thai characters into Latin characters 4
28、 Symbols The letter is used to represent a consonant. The apostrophe is used to represent a glottal stop sound where it physically appears in writing and pronunciation as a syllable initial. 5 Pronunciation rules 5.1 The pronunciation rules specied in this part of ISO 11940 are intended to be applie
29、d in order, before a conversion is made.Conversion tables given in ISO 11940:1998 will not yield correct pronunciation because pronunciation rules are not incorporated in that scheme. Note that there are many exceptions in the pronunciation of Thai words where spelling does not conform to pronunciat
30、ion. Some words have the same spelling but different pronunciation depending on their meaning, and some words do not follow the logic of spelling rules in their pronunciation. It is best to consult the Dictionary of the Royal Institute or other Thai dictionaries for the pronunciation of the words. 5
31、.2 Either or the rst , is deleted in , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (), (), , , , , , , and the second is deleted in , , , , , and . = = 5.3 The preposed vowels - , - , - , - , and - are transposed after the syllable initial or the initial cluster befor
32、e a conversion. = thaen = pai 5.3.1 If the transposed preposed vowel is next to another vowel, a special character, or a consonant followed by a vowel, it is not further transposed. cannot be further transposed. cannot be further transposed. cannot be further transposed. cannot be further transposed
33、. 5.3.2 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by and the next character after the vowel is , , , , , , , or , it is further transposed one more time only. = = = ISO 2007 All rights reserved ISO 11940-2:2007(E) 3 5.3.3 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by , , , , , , or and the next
34、 character is , it is further transposed one more time only. = krot = khreng = phrae An /a/ is inserted into the three words , , and before the preposed vowels are further transposed after to become a oekkaroek, a parian, a paraek. 5.3.4 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by , , , , , or a
35、nd the next character is , it is further transposed one more time only. = kluean = khlong = plai = phlo 5.3.5 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by , , or , and the next character is , it is further transposed one more time only. = kwaeng = khwai = khweng 5.3.6 If the transposed preposed v
36、owel is preceded by , , , or , and the next character is , , , , , , or , an /a/ is inserted before a vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant. = a chaliang = a thaloeng = a sangiam 5.3.7 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by , , or and the next character is not , , or ,
37、 an /a/ is inserted before the vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant. = a kasian = a khamen = a khasae = a sadaeng = a sataem = a sabaek 5.3.8 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by or and the next character is or , an /a/ is inserted before the vowel and it is further
38、 transposed after the next consonant. ISO 2007 All rights reserved ISO 11940-2:2007(E) 4 = a taleng = a thawet 5.3.9 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by , , , or and the next character is , , or , an /a/ is inserted before the vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant.
39、= a cariang = a chaleng = a phaniat = a malueang 5.3.10 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by and the next character is , an /a/ is inserted before the vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant. = a chapho 5.3.11 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by and its nex
40、t character is , , , , or , an /a/ is inserted before the vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant. = a phachoen = a phadoem = a phathai = a phanaek = a phayoe = a phaoen 5.3.12 If the transposed preposed vowel is preceded by and the next character is , an /a/ is inserted before t
41、he vowel and it is further transposed after the next consonant. = a labeng 5.4 is to be transcribed as /ko/. 5.5 is deleted when occurring as the rst member of the cluster preceding , , , , , , , . = = 5.6 in , , , , , , , , , , , is deleted. = = ISO 2007 All rights reserved ISO 11940-2:2007(E) 5 5.
42、7 or is deleted when it appears at the end of a word, or before in the following words: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 5.8 or is deleted in the following words: , , , , , , , . 5.9 preceding
43、in , , , , and following without being preceded by - in the same syllable is deleted. = = 5.10 If , , or precedes , it is deleted together with . = = 5.11 Any consonant or consonant with a vowel followed by is deleted. = = = 5.12 The arrangement of some Thai consonants into series for spelling of the words of Pali and Sanskrit origin is as follows:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. precedes and is considered as a series 1 consonant. precedes and is considered as a
