1、 Reference numberISO 2846-5:2005(E)ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2846-5First edition2005-03-01Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing Part 5: Flexographic printing Technologie graphique Couleur et transparence des gammes dencre dimpression en quad
2、richromie Partie 5: Impression flexographique Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded type
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7、le 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedCopyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or netw
8、orking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Requirements 2 4.1 General. 2 4.2 Colorimetric values. 2 4.3 Transparency characteristics 3 5 Te
9、st methods. 3 5.1 Principle . 3 5.2 Test print preparation. 4 Annex A (informative) Spectral data.5 Annex B (informative) Colorimetric values for non-normative conditions. 8 Annex C (informative) Detailed explanation of the test method, including examples 9 Annex D (normative) Reference substrate. 1
10、2 Bibliography . 13 Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for
11、Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the r
12、ight to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Internation
13、al Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as
14、 an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. IS
15、O 2846-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 130, Graphic technology. ISO 2846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing: Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset lithographic printing Par
16、t 2: Coldset offset lithographic printing Part 3: Publication gravure printing Part 4: Screen printing Part 5: Flexographic printing Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
17、 from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved vIntroduction The demand for the flexographic printing process to become more consistent and predictable has required standardization of the process to ensure that the various parties involved in flexographic printing production are able
18、to control their part of the process in a meaningful way. An essential component in this process is the specification of the colorimetric and transparency characteristics of the ink set. The purpose of this part of ISO 2846 is to define the colorimetric and transparency characteristics of standard s
19、ets of flexographic process inks. Standard inks allow flexographic printers to obtain different sets of inks which will all produce a similar colour when printed on the same substrate (paper, board, plastic, etc.). So, by meeting the requirements of this part of ISO 2846 a standard set of inks can b
20、e supplied by any ink manufacturer to any printer, who can then supply prints to a print buyer confident that the colour of the work produced will be that required. In addition, this part of ISO 2846 will allow colour separations for flexographic printing to be produced to known colour standards. Th
21、e colorimetric characteristics specified may only be obtained when the inks are printed on the specified reference substrate. However, two inks that are similar in colorimetric characteristics and transparency, according to this part of ISO 2846, will normally ensure similarity between the results o
22、btained when both inks are printed on another substrate. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright International Organization for Standardization Repro
23、duced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2846-5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Graphic technology Colour and transparency of printing ink sets for four-colour printing Part 5: Flexographic
24、 printing 1 Scope This part of ISO 2846 specifies the colour and transparency to be produced by each ink in a process colour ink set (including extender) intended for four-colour flexographic printing, when printed under specified flexographic printing conditions. It also describes the conformance t
25、est method. This part of ISO 2846 does not specify pigments (or spectral reflectance), in order not to preclude developments that may enable different pigment combinations to be used advantageously, while still achieving the colorimetric requirements specified in this part of ISO 2846. 2 Normative r
26、eferences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 535, Paper and board Determination
27、of water absortiveness Cobb method ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage ISO 2144, Paper and board Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 C ISO 2846-1, Graphic technology Colour and transparency of ink sets for four-colour printing Part 1: Sheet-fed and heat-set web offset li
28、thographic printing ISO 6588:1981, Paper, board and pulps Determination of pH of aqueous extracts ISO 8254-1, Paper and board Measurement of specular gloss Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method ISO 8791-4, Paper and board Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods
29、) Part 4: Print-surf method ISO 13655, Graphic technology Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for graphic arts images Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
30、from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 extension addition of a transparent material (colorant-free ink) to the ink to reduce the pigment concentration without significantl
31、y influencing the rheological properties of the ink 3.2 press-ready ink ink that has all necessary components and is at press viscosity 3.3 transparency T ability of an ink film to transmit and absorb light without scattering NOTE It is generally expressed as some measure of the unwanted scattering.
32、 ISO 2846-1 4 Requirements 4.1 General For an ink set to conform to this part of ISO 2846 each ink shall meet the specification for colour defined in 4.2, at some percentage of press-ready ink, as well as the specification for transparency defined in 4.3. 4.2 Colorimetric values To meet the specific
33、ation for colour, each ink in the set shall produce a colour that falls within the tolerances specified for the appropriate colorimetric values given in Table 1, when printed as defined in 5.2.1 at some percentage of press-ready ink. Table 1 Colorimetric values for 0/45 and 45/0 geometry, illuminant
34、 D50, 2 observer Ink CIELAB values Tolerances L* a* b* Eab* a* b* L* Yellow 91,0 5,0 95,0 5,0 Magenta 52,0 71,0 1,0 6,0 Cyan 58,0 38,0 45,0 6,0 Black u 18,0 0,5 0,0 1,5 2,0 a0,018,0aThis means that for black there is no symmetrical tolerance for L* but an upper limit. NOTE 1 Typical spectral data fo
35、r inks conforming to this part of ISO 2846 are provided in Annex A. Reference spectral data for 8/diffuse (specular included) are also included in Annex A. NOTE 2 CIELAB data calculated from the CIE 1931 (2) standard colorimetric observer, together with CIE standard illuminant D65, are included in A
36、nnex B for both geometries. CIELAB data for 8/diffuse or diffuse/8 (specular included) geometry and illuminant D50are also included in Annex B. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted with
37、out license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 34.3 Transparency characteristics To meet the specification for transparency, each ink in the set shall produce a value greater than that specified in Table 2 when determined according to the principles and test methods outline
38、d in 5.2. Table 2 Transparency requirements Ink Transparency T Yellow 2 Magenta 5 Cyan 8 For highly transparent inks, the slope of the regression line may be zero or negative. In such a situation the transparency value, T, meets the specification. NOTE For further information concerning transparency
39、 evaluation using instruments with different geometry see C.3.2. 5 Test methods 5.1 Principle Colorimetric conformance is verified by printing each ink on the reference substrate described in Annex D at a range of colorations obtained by varying the extension of the press-ready ink. The colours of t
40、he resultant test prints are measured and the colour difference determined between the sample and the pertinent value given in Table 1. If at least one of these samples has a smaller colour difference than that specified in Table 1 the ink conforms colorimetrically to this part of ISO 2846. It is of
41、ten more convenient to determine the colorimetric conformance of an ink by graphic means. This is achieved by calculating the colour difference (E*ab) from the values given in Table 1, for each print made from the extension series and plotting this against the percentage by mass of press-ready ink.
42、The ink conforms if the resultant curve shows a pronounced minimum which is below the E*abvalue specified in Table 1. If the ink series does not produce such a curve, another series of specimens should be prepared starting from a different ink extension. A lower extension should be applied if the co
43、lour difference decreases with an increasing percentage of press-ready ink; a higher extension if the colour difference increases with a increasing percentage of press-ready ink. See Annex C for further information. Transparency, T, is determined by printing or applying each of the chromatic process
44、 inks on to a black substrate at a range of ink extensions. The CIELAB colour difference, E*ab, is determined for each sample, between the overprinted and unprinted black substrate. These values of E*abare plotted against the percentage by mass of press-ready ink over a range of extensions. The line
45、ar regression coefficient (slope of the regression line) of this plot is determined. An ink conforms to the transparency requirements of this part of ISO 2846 if the reciprocal of the regression coefficient is greater than the value specified or negative, see Annex C for further information. If one
46、or more printed samples of each ink conform to the colorimetric values within the tolerances specified, and the ink also meets the transparency criteria, that ink can be said to comply to this part of ISO 2846. Copyright International Organization for Standardization Reproduced by IHS under license
47、with ISO Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-ISO 2846-5:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved5.2 Test print preparation 5.2.1 Prints for colorimetric evaluation For each ink to be evaluated an extension series with 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 % and 100
48、% of press-ready ink shall be prepared using an extender diluted to press viscosity. The series of extended inks shall be applied to the reference substrate specified in Annex D by a method that produces an even ink film thickness. (Typical methods for producing the test prints are printing with a printability tester for flexographic inks, or by using a coating applicator.) The ink film thickness applied shall be close to practice and approximately the same for all prints made from the extension series. 5.2.2 Prints for transparency evaluation Test prints
