1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25012 First edition 2008-12-15 Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Data quality model Ingnierie du logiciel Exigences de qualit et valuation du produit logiciel (SQuaRE)
2、Modle de la qualit des donnes ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the compute
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5、ntral Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without perm
6、ission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights
7、reservedISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance. 2 3 Normative references . 2 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Data quality 4 5.1 Overview 4 5.1.1 Inherent data quality. 4 5.1.2 System dependent data quality. 4 5.2 Dat
8、a quality model 4 5.3 Data quality characteristics . 6 5.3.1 Inherent point of view. 6 5.3.2 Inherent and system dependent point of view 7 5.3.3 System dependent point of view. 10 Annex A (informative) Terms and definitions from ISO/IEC 25000 . 11 Bibliography . 13 ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2
9、008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International S
10、tandards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO
11、and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committ
12、ee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the
13、possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 25012 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 7, Softw
14、are and systems engineering. ISO/IEC 25012 is one of the SQuaRE series of International Standards, which consists of the following divisions under the general title Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE): Quality Management Division (ISO/IEC 2500n), Qualit
15、y Model Division (ISO/IEC 2501n), Quality Measurement Division (ISO/IEC 2502n), Quality Requirements Division (ISO/IEC 2503n), Quality Evaluation Division (ISO/IEC 2504n). ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved v Introduction The quantity of data and information handled by computer s
16、ystems is increasing worldwide; data quality is a key component of the quality and usefulness of information derived from that data, and most business processes depend on the quality of data. A common prerequisite to all information technology projects is the quality of the data which are exchanged,
17、 processed and used between the computer systems and users and among computer systems themselves. Managing and enhancing the quality of data is important because of: the acquisition of data from organizations of which the quality of data production process is unknown or weak; the existence of defect
18、ive data contributing to unsatisfactory information, unusable results and dissatisfied customers; the dispersion of such data among various owners and users. Data captured in accordance with the workflow needs of a single organization often lack a coherent and integrated vision which is necessary to
19、 ensure interoperability and co-operation; the need for processing data which are not immediately re-usable because of semantic ambiguity or lack of consistency between such data and other existing co-related data; the co-existence of legacy architecture and computer systems with distributed systems
20、 designed and realized at different times and with different standards; the existence of information systems (such as the world wide web) where data change frequently and integration is a special issue. The data quality model defined in this International Standard aims to meet these needs, taking in
21、to account that the data life cycle is often longer than the software life cycle; it could be used, for example, to: define and evaluate data quality requirements in data production, acquisition and integration processes; identify data quality assurance criteria, also useful for re-engineering, asse
22、ssment and improvement of data; evaluate the compliance of data with legislation and/or requirements. The detection of errors or inefficiencies due to data gives rise to enhancement and corrective interventions concerning data and other components of the system in which data reside, for example: dat
23、a (e.g. redesigning, parsing, cleansing, enriching, transforming, matching); software (e.g. modifying source programs to implement consistency controls); hardware (e.g. upgrading a computer system to improve response time); human business processes (e.g. user training to avoid errors in the data ent
24、ry process; improvement of accounting processes that manage data). ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) vi ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedThe data quality model defined in this International Standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the other SQuaRE series International Standards, which are represented
25、in Figure 1 (adapted from ISO/IEC 25000). Figure 1 Organization of the SQuaRE series of International Standards The divisions within the SQuaRE series are: ISO/IEC 2500n - Quality Management Division. The International Standards that form this division define all common models, terms and definitions
26、 referred to further as all other International Standards from the SQuaRE series. Referring paths (guidance through SQuaRE documents) and high level practical suggestions in applying proper standards to specific application cases provide help to all types of users. The division also provides require
27、ments and guidance for a supporting function which is responsible for the management of software product requirements specification and evaluation. ISO/IEC 2501n - Quality Model Division. The International Standards that form this division present detailed quality models for software and data. Furth
28、ermore, in the software quality model the internal and external quality characteristics are decomposed into subcharacteristics. Practical guidance on the use of the quality models is also provided. ISO/IEC 2502n - Quality Measurement Division. The International Standards that form this division incl
29、ude a software product quality measurement reference model, mathematical definitions of quality measures, and practical guidance for their application. Presented measures apply to internal software quality, external software quality and quality in use. Quality Measure Elements forming foundations fo
30、r the latter measures are defined and presented. ISO/IEC 2503n - Quality Requirements Division. The International Standard that forms this division helps to specify quality requirements. These quality requirements can be used in the process of quality requirements elicitation for a software product
31、to be developed or as input for an evaluation process. The requirements definition process is mapped to technical processes defined in ISO/IEC 15288. Quality Requirements Division 2503n Quality Management Division 2500n Quality Model Division 2501n Quality Evaluation Division 2504n Quality Measureme
32、nt Division 2502n Extension Division 25050 to 25099ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vii ISO/IEC 2504n - Quality Evaluation Division. The International Standards that form this division provide requirements, recommendations and guidelines for software product evaluation, whether
33、 performed by evaluators, acquirers or developers. The support for documenting a measure as an Evaluation Module is also presented. ISO/IEC 25050 to ISO/IEC 25099 are reserved for SQuaRE extension International Standards, Technical Specifications, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and/or Techn
34、ical Reports. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1 Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Data quality model 1 Scope This International Standard defines a general data quality model for data retained in a structur
35、ed format within a computer system. This International Standard focuses on the quality of the data as part of a computer system and defines quality characteristics for target data used by humans and systems. Target data are those that the organization decides to analyse and validate through the mode
36、l; the term non- target data covers two cases: the first refers to data that are not persistent such as data handled by an operating system; the second refers to data that could be within the scope of the standard, but an organization chooses to not apply the standard to them. In Figure 2 the struct
37、ure of a general system is displayed in a diagram: this can include information systems which in turn can include one or more computer systems. Figure 2 Target domain of the data quality model This International Standard can be used with other standards in the SQuaRE series to establish data quality
38、 requirements, define data quality measures, or plan and perform data quality evaluations. Data quality requirements and data quality measures can be categorized with the data quality characteristics in 5.2 and used by an evaluation process to analyse data independently from other computer systems c
39、omponents. Information system System Human business Mechanical system Computer hardware Software Target Data Computer system Communication Non target Data Data Quality Model ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedThis International Standard aims to support the implementation of syst
40、ems life cycle processes, such as those defined in ISO/IEC 15288. This International Standard takes into account all data types (e.g. character strings, texts, dates, numbers, images, sounds, etc.), assigned data values and relationships between data (e.g. consistency between data in the same or in
41、different entities); the scope does not include data produced by embedded devices or real time sensors that are not retained for further processing or historical purposes. This International Standard does not dictate physical organization of data (i.e. data base management systems); moreover the act
42、ivities of conceptual, logical and physical schema design are outside the scope of this International Standard; all processes and deliverables related to such data benefit from the application of this International Standard. Conformance of data to the data design is included within the scope of this
43、 International Standard. The definition of metadata is addressed by ISO/IEC 11179 and is outside the scope of this International Standard, even if it refers to metadata to evaluate data quality. The relationship of this International Standard to industry- and domain-specific data quality standards a
44、nd its precedence over these standards are determined by the user in a specific context of use. 2 Conformance When this International Standard is used for conformance, the user shall provide evidence that each data quality characteristic in 5.2 has been addressed, give reasons in the event of exclus
45、ion, or describe its own categorization of data quality attributes and provide a mapping to the characteristics in 5.2. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
46、references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 25000, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaRE 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given i
47、n ISO/IEC 25000 and the following apply. 4.1 computer system system containing one or more components NOTE 1 Components include computers (hardware), associated software and data. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/IEC 24765. 4.2 data reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitabl
48、e for communication, interpretation, or processing NOTE 1 Data can be processed by humans or by automatic means. ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 ISO/IEC 25012:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 3 NOTE 2 The definition in ISO/IEC 25000 is different because it refers to data which relate to the result of th
49、e measurement. 4.3 data quality degree to which the characteristics of data satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specified conditions 4.4 data quality characteristic category of data quality attributes that bears on data quality 4.5 data quality measure variable to which a value is assigned as the result of measurement of a data quality characteristic NOTE Adapted from ISO/IEC 15939:2007. 4.6 data quality model defined set of characteristics which provides a
