1、 Reference number ISO/TR 10400:2007(E) ISO 2007TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10400 First edition 2007-12-15 Petroleum and natural gas industries Equations and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing Industries du ptrole et du gaz naturel quation
2、s et calculs relatifs aux proprits des tubes de cuvelage, des tubes de production, des tiges de forage et des tubes de conduites utiliss comme tubes de cuvelage et tubes de production ISO/TR 10400:2007(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensin
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7、1 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO/TR 10400:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Conformance .2 2.1 Normative references2 2
8、.2 Units of measurement.2 3 Normative references2 4 Terms and definitions .3 5 Symbols5 6 Triaxial yield of pipe body 14 6.1 General .14 6.2 Assumptions and limitations .15 6.3 Data requirements .15 6.4 Design equation for triaxial yield of pipe body 16 6.5 Application of design equation for triaxia
9、l yield of pipe body to line pipe .17 6.6 Example calculations17 7 Ductile rupture of the pipe body 21 7.1 General .21 7.2 Assumptions and limitations .21 7.3 Data requirements .22 7.4 Design equation for capped-end ductile rupture .24 7.5 Adjustment for the effect of axial tension and external pres
10、sure25 7.6 Example calculations28 8 External pressure resistance .30 8.1 General .30 8.2 Assumptions and limitations .30 8.3 Data requirements .31 8.4 Design equation for collapse of pipe body.31 8.5 Equations for empirical constants 37 8.6 Application of collapse pressure equations to line pipe.38
11、8.7 Example calculations39 9 Joint strength.39 9.1 General .39 9.2 API casing connection tensile joint strength .40 9.3 API tubing connection tensile joint strength46 9.4 Line pipe connection joint strength 47 10 Pressure performance for couplings 47 10.1 General .47 10.2 Internal yield pressure of
12、round thread and buttress couplings48 10.3 Internal pressure leak resistance of round thread or buttress couplings.49 11 Calculated masses 51 11.1 General .51 11.2 Nominal masses 51 11.3 Calculated plain-end mass .51 11.4 Calculated finished-end mass52 11.5 Calculated threaded and coupled mass52 ISO
13、/TR 10400:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved11.6 Calculated upset and threaded mass for integral joint tubing and extreme-line casing .53 11.7 Calculated upset mass54 11.8 Calculated coupling mass 55 11.9 Calculated mass removed during threading.59 11.10 Calculated mass of upsets .64 12 Elongat
14、ion 68 13 Flattening tests 68 13.1 Flattening tests for casing and tubing.68 13.2 Flattening tests for line pipe.69 14 Hydrostatic test pressures .70 14.1 Hydrostatic test pressures for plain-end pipe, extreme-line casing and integral joint tubing 70 14.2 Hydrostatic test pressure for threaded and c
15、oupled pipe 70 15 Make-up torque for round thread casing and tubing.72 16 Guided bend tests for submerged arc-welded line pipe72 16.1 General72 16.2 Background74 17 Determination of minimum impact specimen size for API couplings and pipe74 17.1 Critical thickness .74 17.2 Calculated coupling blank t
16、hickness.76 17.3 Calculated wall thickness for transverse specimens 77 17.4 Calculated wall thickness for longitudinal specimens 78 17.5 Minimum specimen size for API couplings.79 17.6 Impact specimen size for pipe81 17.7 Larger size specimens 81 17.8 Reference information.81 Annex A (informative) D
17、iscussion of equations for triaxial yield of pipe body 82 Annex B (informative) Discussion of equations for ductile rupture 95 Annex C (informative) Rupture test procedure 131 Annex D (informative) Discussion of equations for fracture 133 Annex E (informative) Discussion of historical API collapse e
18、quations.140 Annex F (informative) Development of probabilistic collapse performance properties154 Annex G (informative) Calculation of design collapse strength from collapse test data 188 Annex H (informative) Calculation of design collapse strengths from production quality data.191 Annex I (inform
19、ative) Collapse test procedure.205 Annex J (informative) Discussion of equations for joint strength .210 Annex K (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in SI units220 Annex L (informative) Tables of calculated performance properties in USC units222 Bibliography 224 ISO/TR 10400:20
20、07(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body i
21、nterested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechn
22、ical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by th
23、e technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that which is n
24、ormally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are c
25、onsidered to be no longer valid or useful. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 10400 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67
26、, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 5, Casing, tubing and drill pipe. This first edition of ISO/TR 10400 cancels and replaces ISO 10400:1993, which has been technically revised. ISO/TR 10400:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All r
27、ights reservedIntroduction Performance design of tubulars for the petroleum and natural gas industries, whether it is formulated by deterministic or probabilistic calculations, compares anticipated loads to which the tubular may be subjected to the anticipated resistance of the tubular to each load.
28、 Either or both the load and resistance may be modified by a design factor. Both deterministic and probabilistic (synthesis method) approaches to performance properties are addressed in this Technical Report. The deterministic approach uses specific geometric and material property values to calculat
29、e a single performance property value. The synthesis method treats the same variables as random and thus arrives at a statistical distribution of a performance property. A performance distribution in combination with a defined lower percentile determines the final design equation. Both the well desi
30、gn process itself and the definition of anticipated loads are currently outside the scope of standardization for the petroleum and natural gas industries. Neither of these aspects is addressed in this Technical Report. Rather, this text serves to identify useful equations for obtaining the resistanc
31、e of a tubular to specified loads, independent of their origin. This Technical Report provides limit state equations (see annexes) which are useful for determining the resistance of an individual sample whose geometry and material properties are given, and design equations which are useful for well
32、design based on conservative geometric and material parameters. Whenever possible, decisions on specific constants to use in a design equation are left to the discretion of the reader. TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 10400:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1Petroleum and natural gas industries Equations
33、and calculations for the properties of casing, tubing, drill pipe and line pipe used as casing or tubing 1 Scope This Technical Report illustrates the equations and templates necessary to calculate the various pipe properties given in International Standards, including pipe performance properties, s
34、uch as axial strength, internal pressure resistance and collapse resistance, minimum physical properties, product assembly force (torque), product test pressures, critical product dimensions related to testing criteria, critical dimensions of testing equipment, and critical dimensions of test sample
35、s. For equations related to performance properties, extensive background information is also provided regarding their development and use. Equations presented here are intended for use with pipe manufactured in accordance with ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L, as app
36、licable. These equations and templates may be extended to other pipe with due caution. Pipe cold-worked during production is included in the scope of this Technical Report (e.g. cold rotary straightened pipe). Pipe modified by cold working after production, such as expandable tubulars and coiled tub
37、ing, is beyond the scope of this Technical Report. Application of performance property equations in this Technical Report to line pipe and other pipe is restricted to their use as casing/tubing in a well or laboratory test, and requires due caution to match the heat-treat process, straightening proc
38、ess, yield strength, etc., with the closest appropriate casing/tubing product. Similar caution should be exercised when using the performance equations for drill pipe. This Technical Report and the equations contained herein relate the input pipe manufacturing parameters in ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO
39、 11961 or API 5D, and ISO 3183 or API 5L to expected pipe performance. The design equations in this Technical Report are not to be understood as a manufacturing warrantee. Manufacturers are typically licensed to produce tubular products in accordance with manufacturing specifications which control t
40、he dimensions and physical properties of their product. Design equations, on the other hand, are a reference point for users to characterize tubular performance and begin their own well design or research of pipe input properties. This Technical Report is not a design code. It only provides equation
41、s and templates for calculating the properties of tubulars intended for use in downhole applications. This Technical Report does not provide any guidance about loads that can be encountered by tubulars or about safety margins needed for acceptable design. Users are responsible for defining appropria
42、te design loads and selecting adequate safety factors to develop safe and efficient designs. The design loads and safety factors will likely be selected based on historical practice, local regulatory requirements, and specific well conditions. ISO/TR 10400:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reservedAll e
43、quations and listed values for performance properties in this Technical Report assume a benign environment and material properties conforming to ISO 11960 or API 5CT, ISO 11961 or API 5D and ISO 3183 or API 5L. Other environments may require additional analyses, such as that outlined in Annex D. Pip
44、e performance properties under dynamic loads and pipe connection sealing resistance are excluded from the scope of this Technical Report. Throughout this Technical Report tensile stresses are positive. 2 Conformance 2.1 Normative references In the interests of worldwide application of this Technical
45、 Report, ISO/TC 67 has decided, after detailed technical analysis, that certain of the normative documents listed in Clause 3 and prepared by ISO/TC 67 or other ISO Technical Committees are interchangeable in the context of the relevant requirement with the relevant document prepared by the American
46、 Petroleum Institute (API), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These latter documents are cited in the running text following the ISO reference and preceded by or, for example, “ISO XXXX or API YYYY”. Application of an alternati
47、ve normative document cited in this manner will lead to technical results different from the use of the preceding ISO reference. However, both results are acceptable and these documents are thus considered interchangeable in practice. 2.2 Units of measurement In this Technical Report, data are expre
48、ssed in both the International System (SI) of units and the United States Customary (USC) system of units. For a specific order item, it is intended that only one system of units be used, without combining data expressed in the other system. For data expressed in the SI, a comma is used as the decim
49、al separator and a space as the thousands separator. For data expressed in the USC system, a dot (on the line) is used as the decimal separator and a space as the thousands separator. 3 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 3183:2007, Petroleum and natural gas industries Steel pipe for pipeline tr
