1、 ISO 2013 Application Guideline on Data Carriers for Supply Chain Management Directive dapplication sur des supports dinformations pour le supply chain management TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17370 First edition 2013-06-15 Reference number ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) ISO/TR 17370:2013(E)ii ISO 2013 All rights r
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4、d ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms, definitions, and abbr e viat ed t erms . 1 4 Supply Chain Model . 2 4.1 Supply chain model . 2 4.2 Types of data carriers for supply chain management . 3 4.
5、3 Characteristics of data carriers for the supply chain . 4 5 Layers Related to Supply Chain Standards 5 6 Ex ample for Unique Identifier of Pr oduct P ackage 7 6.1 Data field identification . 8 6.2 Data structure 8 6.3 Character set . 9 7 Layered Structure of Supply Chain Management 9 7.1 Complex l
6、ayered structure 9 7.2 Simplified layered structure .10 7.3 Typical layered structure 10 7.4 In-layer relationship and layer-to-layer relationship .11 7.5 Applicable use cases 12 8 Data carrier system 12 8.1 Linear and two-dimensional symbols 12 8.2 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) .13 8.3 Rewr
7、itable Hybrid Media (RHM) .13 8.4 Data field structure 15 9 Structure of transmitted data 16 9.1 Structure of transmitted data in linear symbology 16 9.2 Structure of transmitted data in two-dimensional symbol .17 9.3 Structure of transmitted UII data in RFID 17 Annex A (normative) Examples of Conta
8、iners Used for Supply Chain Management .19 Annex B (informative) R e writable Hy brid Media .24 Annex C (informative) Data Carrier Identifiers 27 Annex D (informative) Layered Structure of Automotive Industry 30 Annex E (informative) Layered Structure of Electric Home Appliance Industry .33 Annex F
9、(informative) Examples of Layered Structure .40 Annex G (informative) Syntax for High-Capacity Automatic Data Capture Media 44 Annex H (informative) Assignment of A pplication F amil y Identifiers (AFIs) .46 Annex I (informative) Memory Structure of ISO/IEC 18000-63 and ISO/IEC 18000-3, M3 47 Annex
10、J (informative) Data st or age capacity and number of RF tags 52 Annex K (informative) 6-bit c oding scheme 54 Bibliogr aph y .55 ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The wor
11、k of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governme
12、ntal, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The m
13、ain task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. A
14、ttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. In exceptional circumstances, when the technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
15、 that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review every five years in the same manner as an International Standard. Attenti
16、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/TR 17370 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging.iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/T
17、R 17370:2013(E) Introduction Supply chain management makes use of a variety of data carriers, including linear symbols, two- dimensional symbols and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Care should be taken when using these data carriers in combination because the data structure of RFID is differe
18、nt from that of the other data carriers. This Technical Report outlines the basic structure of the supply chain layers defined in ISO standards. It describes how to store data in linear symbols, two-dimensional symbols and in RFID. In addition, this document shows the structure of the data transmitt
19、ed from an interrogator to a host computer. This Technical Report is provided as a guideline for the effective use of these data carriers. RFID technology, especially when equipped with the ability to additionally write data, is essential to traceability in Supply Chain Management (SCM). However, co
20、nsideration should be given to the following issues for the use of RFID: a) Approximately 10 standards, each having its own air interface and memory structure, have been developed for the RFID technology. Work on the standardization of middleware is currently in progress in order to achieve compatib
21、ility among these standards, but middleware that supports various RFID air interfaces is not available at this time. And in addition, operators who handle only one type of RFID do not necessarily need to use middleware. b) The memory size of commonly available RFID is relatively small compared to th
22、e size of EDI data requiring standardized compaction methods to address this issue. c) The structure of the data transmitted from a linear or two-dimensional symbol to the host computer is different from the one transmitted from an RFID interrogator. This Technical Report provides a potential soluti
23、on for dealing with these challenging issues. Those wishing to understand the GS1 approach to similar issues are invited to contact GS1. This document has 11 annexes, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and K, all which provide informative information. Annex A Examples of Containers Used for Supply Chain M
24、anagement Annex B Rewritable Hybrid Media Annex C Data Carrier Identifiers Annex D Layered Structure of Automotive Industry Annex E Layered Structure of Electric Home Appliance Industry Annex F Layered Structure of Medical Industry Annex G Syntax for High-Capacity Automatic Data Capture Med Annex H
25、Assignment of Application Family Identifiers (AFIs) Annex I Memory Structure of ISO/IEC 18000-63 and ISO/IEC 18000-3, M3 Annex J Data storage capacity and number of RF tag Annex K 6-bit coding scheme ISO 2013 All rights reserved v Application Guideline on Data Carriers for Supply Chain Management 1
26、Scope This Technical Report specifies a method to establish compatibility among various data carriers such as linear sy mbols, t wo-dimensional sy mbols and R FID, as well as t heir one-to-one relat ionship by illust rat ing the structure supporting the basic ISO-compliant supply chain control syste
27、m. In particular, it specifies the relationship of various global standards related to the supply chain, illustrates the types and data structures in the layered supply chain network, specifies the relationship among the layered structure of the supply chain, specifies the management of serial numbe
28、rs in supply chain management, specifies data storage on the named data carriers, specifies the required data volume for each data carrier, specifies the data structure between the data carrier and the reader (interrogator), specifies the data structure between the host system (computer) and the rea
29、der (interrogator), and illustrates complex data carriers (rewritable hybrid media, etc). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
30、For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 445, Pallets for materials handling Vocabulary ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary ISO 21067,
31、Packaging Vocabulary 3 T erms, d efinitions , and abbr e viat ed t erms For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions, and abbreviations given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), ISO 445, ISO 21067 and the following apply. 3.1 RHM rewritable hybrid media TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) I
32、SO 2013 All rights reserved 1 ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) 4 Supply Chain Model 4.1 Supply chain model The “supply chain” is a multi-level concept that covers all stages of a product, from the management of raw material to the final product process, including shipping the product to the point-of-sale, the u
33、se and maintenance of the product and, depending on the application, to the point of disposal. This supply chain further includes reverse logistics and the handling of returned goods. Each of these levels is unique, but the levels overlap. Figure 1 below is a basic concept of “supply chain” that ill
34、ustrates the correlative relationship of the supply chain, not a “one-to-one” representation of physical objects. Figure 1a shows the supply chain model for radio frequency identification (RFID) and Figure 1b shows the supply chain model for optically readable media (ORM). Although several layers in
35、 Figure 1 have clear physical counterparts, some items are categorized into more than one layer, depending on their usage. In Figure 1, RPI represents “Returnable Packaging Items”. In Figure 1, RTI represents “Returnable Transport Items”, defined in ISO/IEC 15459-5. The use cases of these items intr
36、oduced to the supply chain management are specified in Annex A. wihTA) ,5 wihTA) (Secondary packaging) m wihTA) ,5 wihTA) (Primary packaging) 2 TnspUni 5 ViswihTA) (Tertiary packaging) RT 4 ) ViswihTA) (Tertiary packaging) 4 FihCnin 42,45G 254 TA) (Freight containers) 5 mnVhi DinbTnsp (Movement vehi
37、cle) Cmpnns,s,is, bssmbis,. RnbTnsp mRT) m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m Container 20/40 Foot Marine and Muli-Modal Container 1 C D G L J S 2 E2 H2 H1 E1 K1 K2 ON 1 Q1 Q2 N2 1 2 W1 W2 F Figure 1a S u p p l y c h a i n m o d e l f o r r a d i o f r e q u e n c y i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ( R F I D
38、)2 ISO 2013 All rights reserved ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) Level 1 Product Package Level ISO 22742 GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) (Secondary packaging) Level 0 Item Level ISO 28219 GS1 Gen Spec (GTIN) (Primary packaging) Level 2 Transport Unit Level ISO 15394 GS1 Gen Spec (SSCC) (Tertiary packaging) Level 3 RTI Leve
39、l ISO 15394 GS1 Gen Spec (GRAI) (Tertiary packaging) Level 4 Freight Container Level ISO 6346 (OCR) (Freight containers) Level 5 Movement Vehicle Level (Movement vehicle) Components, Parts, Materials, Subassemblies, etc. Returnable Transport Item (RTI) Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item Item It
40、em Item Item Item Item Item Item Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Prod Pkg Transport Unit Returnable Transport Item (RTI) Container 20/40 Foot Marine and Muli-Modal Container Movement Vehicle (truck, ship, train, airplane) Returnable Packaging Item Returnable Packaging
41、Item Returnable Packaging Item Returnable Packaging Item Returnable Packaging Item Transport Unit Transport Unit Transport Unit A B1 C D G L I J S P V B2 E2 H2 H1 E1 K1 K2 R ON 1M Q1 Q2 N2 T1 T2 W1 W2 U F F i g u r e 1 b S u p p l y c h a i n m o d e l f o r o p t i c a l l y r e a d a b l e m e d i
42、 a ( O R M ) Key Alphabetic reference Associated annex Associated example B2, B1 F 1 E2, E1 F 2 N 2 , N1, L F 3 K2, K1, I, F F 4 Q2, Q1, O, L F 5, 6, 7 G, F D 1, 2, 3 W2, W1, Q2, Q1, K2, K1, E2, E1, T2 E 1, 4, 5, 8 V, P , J, D E 2, 3, 6, 7 G, F E 9 A E 10 Figure 1 Physical layer of supply chain mode
43、l 4.2 Types of data carriers for supply chain management Data carriers such as linear symbols, two-dimensional symbols and RFID, used for supply chain management should be selected based on their respective characteristics. Most readers available in todays market have the ability to automatically di
44、stinguish and read various types of linear and two- dimensional symbols, allowing the use of these symbologies without restriction. RFID can be used at various frequencies: 135 kHz or lower, 13,56 MHz, 433 MHz, 860 MHz to 960 MHz or 2,45 GHz, and each frequency can have a separate memory structure a
45、nd communication protocol, making it difficult for existing interrogators to automatically distinguish among the various frequencies. ISO 2013 All rights reserved 3 ISO/TR 17370:2013(E) Although the appropriate air interface can be selected depending on the specific layer of the supply chain in Figu
46、re 1, more than one interrogator should be available when using a variety of air interfaces. As this will increase the cost, the number of air interfaces should be limited to the fewest possible number. This Technical Report uses the data carriers shown in Figure 1 as examples, including the linear
47、symbols Code 128 (ISO/IEC 15417) and Code 39 (ISO/IEC 16388), the two-dimensional symbols QR Code (ISO/IEC 18004) and Data Matrix (ISO/IEC 16022), and RFID at 13,56 MHz (ISO/IEC 18000-3, Mode 3) and 860 to 960 MHz (ISO/IEC 18000-63) as well as a hybrid media (ISO/IEC 29133). A description of rewritable hybrid media is found in Annex B. Table 1 below is
