1、2112018( )131Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, 1 point for each)Directions: After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. ver been there but it is, _, a lovely place.
2、A. of no account B. by all accountsC. on no account D. on this account2. The television networks believe that the period between 6 p. m. and 11 p. m. is the _television viewing timeA. prime B. primary C. primitive D. principal3. You had better _ me about the reason for your dismissal.A. level off B.
3、 level atC. level with D. level up4. _ in her most beautiful skirt, thegirl tried to make herself _ at the party.A. Dressed; noticed B. Dressing; noticedC. Dresses; noticing D. Dressing; noticing5. He has made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. who I think it B. which
4、I think it isC. that I think is D. which I think is6. Only after the anesthetist gave the patient an anesthetic _.A. the operation could be conductedB. could the operation be conductedC. could be conducted the operationD. the operation conducted could be7. The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a
5、 logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementation B. demonstrationC. manifestation D. exposition8._ the Internet is shortening the distance between people, it may also be breaking homes or will cause other family problems. A. When B. While C. If D. As29.
6、It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are _ it.A. involved in B. indulged inC. disposed to D. exposed toA. pull back B. pull upC. pull through D. pull outsome reading.A. catch up B. clear upC. make up D. pick up12. It will take us twenty minute
7、s to get to the railway station, _ traffic delays. A. acknowledging B. affordingC. allowing for D. accounting for13. School started on a _ cold day in February.A. severe B. bitterC. such D. frozen14. Sally was a bit shy, but the teacher found her quite _ discussing a recent film withothers.A. at hom
8、e B. at mostC. at house D. at heart15. With _ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now. A. rare B. unusualC. extraordinary D. unique16. As a developing country, we must keep _ with the rapid development of the world economy. A. move B. stepC. speed D. pace17. The fact that the
9、managementis trying to reach agreement _ five separate unions has led to long negotiations.A. over B. upon C. in D. withA. of B. in C. over D. on19. The company has capitalized _ the error of judgment made by its business competitor. A. in B. over C. with D. on20. When invited to talk about his achi
10、evements, he refused to blow his own _ and declined to speak at the meeting. 3A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute21. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little _ of what I said.A. remark B. warningC. notice D. attention22. I only know the man by _ but I have never sp
11、oken to him.A. chance B. heartC. sight D. experience23. It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of some learningdifficulties.A. will continue B. continuedC. continue D. continues24. If only I _ play the guitar as well as you!A. would B. couldC. should D. might25. He _ unwisely,
12、but he was at least trying to do something helpful. A. may have acted B. must have actedC. should act D. would act26. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.A. or which B. for thatC. in that D. in which27. I enjoyed myself so much _ I visited my friends in Paris last year. A. when B. whi
13、chC. that D. where28. _ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if, will B. If only, wouldC. Should, will D. Unless, would29. _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialistB. Even if he is a socialistC. Being
14、 a socialistD. Since he is a socialist30. The government has promised to do _ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.A. however B. whicheverC. whatever D. wherever4Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 points for each)Directions: In this section, ther
15、e are 4 passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then write ONE best answer for each question on your ANSWER SHEET.Passage Oneed across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot
16、at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.1,000women die in honor killings every year. In the develo
17、ped world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.at five areas that affect womepolitical power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and
18、consulting with experts and academics, we measured28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined. But there were some surprises. Some otherwise
19、 high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries translates to better lives for womthe impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been -Marie Goetz, peace and security adv
20、iser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad -cultural comparisons can t account for difference of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear.
21、For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic iberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the simulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic 5lives of our countries: Great
22、er political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, 3A. It still leaves much to be desired.B. It is too remarkable to be measured.D. It is achieved through hard struggle.32. In what countries have
23、women made the greatest progress?A. Where women hold key posts in government.D. Where women enjoy better education and health care.33. What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?A. They care little about political participation.B. They are generally treated as equals by men.C. They have
24、a surprisingly low social status.D. They are underrepresented in politics.34. What does Anne-A. It does not necessarily raise womens political awareness.B. It does not guarantee a better life for the nations women.C. It enhances womens status.D. It boosts womens confidence.35. What does Hillary Clin
25、ton suggest we do to make the world a better place? A. Give women more political power. B. Stimulate womens creativity.C. Allow women access to education. D. Tap womens economic potential.Passage TwoThe idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is rela
26、tively recent in human history, and the precise details of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: They reward creators for their labor, and they encourage greater
27、creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz Liszt and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celebrity system promoting a few stars 6whose music
28、 was not necessarily the best or most diverse. Copyright provides protection for distribution companies and for a few celebrities, thereby helping to support the industry as currently defined, but it may actually harm the majority of performers. This is comparable to Anatole Frances famous irony, “T
29、he law, in its majestic equality, forbids the rich as well as the poor to sleep under bridges.“ In theory, copyright covers the creations of celebrities and obscurities equally, but only major distribution companies have the resources to defend their property rights in court. In a sense, this is qui
30、te fair, because nobody wants to steal unpopular music, but by supporting the property rights of celebrities, copyright strengthens them as a class in contrast to anonymous musicians. Internet music file sharing has become a significant factor in the social lives of children, who download bootleg mu
31、sic tracks for their own use and to give as gifts to friends. If we are to believe one recent poll done by a marketing firm rather than social scientists, 48 of American Internet users aged 12 to 17 had downloaded music files in the past month. In so doing, they violate copyright laws, and criminolo
32、gists would hypothesize they thereby learn contempt for laws in general. A poll by the Pew Internet and American Life Project found that two-thirds of an estimated 35 million Americans who download music files do not care whether they are copyrighted.Thus, on the level of families, ending copyright
33、could be morally as well as economically advantageous. On a much higher level, however, the culture-exporting nations (notably the United States) could stand to lose, although we cannot really predict the net balance of costs and benefits in the absence of proper research. We do not presently have g
34、ood cross national data on file sharing or a well-developed theoretical framework to guide research on whether copyright protection supports cultural imperialism versus enhancing the positions of diverse cultures in the global marketplace.It will not be easy to test such hypotheses, and extensive ec
35、onomic research has not conclusively answered the question of whether the patent system really promotes innovation. We will need many careful, sharp-focus studies of well-formed hypotheses in specific industries and sectors of life. For example, observational and interview research can uncover the f
36、actors that really promote cultural innovation among artists of various kinds and determine the actual consequences for children of Internet peer-to-peer file sharing.36. Which of the following statements about intellectual property is NOT true? A. Countries may differ in their efforts to protect it
37、. B. The author considers its protection well-grounded. C. People believe its protection may benefit creators. D. The history of its protection has not been long.37. Copyright of music may harm the majority of performers in that it_.A. in fact protects a few celebrities.7B. covers the creations of m
38、ost people.C. forbids the rich as well as the poor.D. doesnt allow the mass to steal music.38. .A. misunderstanding B. small potatoesC. well-known people D. unclearness39. Free Internet music file sharing may bring about all of the following consequences EXCEPT_.A. losses to culture-importing nation
39、s.B. the dominance of one culture.C. peoples disrespect for laws.D. the degradation of ones morality.40. According to the passage, studies on the results of copyright protection_.A. lag behind the research in other fields.B. need to be done in a practical way.C. should be carried out immediately.D.
40、will promote cultural innovation.Passage ThreeWe have all heard of experts who fail basic tests of sensory discrimination in theirt tell red from white wine (though in blackened cups), orart critics who see deep meaning in random lines drawn by a computer. We delight in such stories since anyone cla
41、iming to be an authority is fair game. But what if we shine the spotlight on choices we make about everyday things? Experts might be forgiven forbeing wrong about the limits of their skills as experts, but could we be forgiven for beingwrong about the limits of our skills as experts on ourselves?We
42、have been trying to answer this question using techniques from magicperformances. Rather than playing tricks with alternatives presented to participants, wesecretly altered the outcomes of their choices, and recorded how they react. For example,in an early study we showed our volunteers pairs of pic
43、tures of faces and asked them tochoose the most attractive. In some trials, immediately after they made their choice, weasked people to explain the reasons behind their choices.Unknown to them, we sometimes used a double-card magic trick to secretlyexchange one face for the other so they ended up wi
44、th the face they did not choose. Common sense dictates that all of us would notice such a big change in the outcome of a choice. But the result showed that in 75 per cent of the trials our participants were blindto the mismatch, even offering reasons for their choice .We calledthis effect 8identifie
45、d by psychologists where a remarkably large number of people fail to spot amajorchange in their environment. Recall the famous experiments where X asks Y fordirections;while Y is struggling to help, X is switched for Z -and. Y fails to notice.Researchers are still pondering the full implications, bu
46、t it does show how little information we use in daily life, and undermines the idea that we know what is going onaround us.When we set out, we aimed to weigh in on the enduring, complicated debate about self-knowledge and intentionality. For all the intimate familiarity we feel we have withdecision
47、making, it is very difficult to know about it from the inside : one of the greatbarriers for scientific research is the nature of subjectivity.As anyone who has ever been in a verbal disagreement can prove, people tend togive elaborate justifications for their decisions, which we have every reason t
48、o believe are nothing more than rationalizations after the event. To prove such people wrong,though, or even provide enough evidence to change their mind, is an entirely different matter: who are you to say what my reasons are?But with choice blindness we drive a large wedge between intentions and actions in the mind. As our participants give us verbal explanations about choices they never made, we can show them beyond doubt -and prove it -that what they say cannot be true. S
