运筹学知识点梳理.ppt

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1、层次分析法 The Analytic Hierarchy Process,决策目标的层次分解,决策目标,准则1,子准则1,准则2,准则K,方案1,子准则2,子准则L,方案2,方案3,方案n,购置一台满意的计算机,功能强,易维护,价格低,w1,w3,w2,品牌A,品牌C,品牌B,w11,w12,w13,w21,w22,w23,w31,w32,w33,目 标层,方案层,准则层,例,权重,高一级准则(目标),w1,wn,w2,低一级准 则(方案)1,低一级准 则(方案)n,低一级准 则(方案)2,理想权重应满足的条件,设:权重向量:,权重比较矩阵:,满足条件:,即:,此时,W是A的特征向量,n是A

2、的特征根,一致性矩阵,则A称为一致性矩阵,此时可以证明:A具有唯一的非零最大特征根,同一层级重要性程度比较的标度,例,重要性比较后得到的比较矩阵,一般A不一定满足一致性矩阵的条件(iv),比较矩阵的一致性检验,一致性指标,CI=0时比较矩阵具有完全一致性;CI越大一致性程度越差;一般当CI0.1时具有可接受的一致性程度,否则需要重新进行两两比较判断。,修正的一致性检验指标,同一层级要素对上一层级重要性权重的计算,理论上:,要素间的 两两比较,获的A,通过一致 性检验?,计算A的最大特征值max的 特征向量W=(w1,w2,wn),重新进行要素 间的两两比较,max和W的近似计算,计算比较矩阵每一行元素的乘积Mi:,计算Mi的n次方根:,归一化计算近似wi :,计算计算比较矩阵的近似最大特征根max :,其中 :(AW)i为向量AW的第i项,购置一台满意的计算机,功能强,易维护,价格低,w1,w3,w2,品牌A,品牌C,品牌B,w11,w12,w13,w21,w22,w23,w31,w32,w33,目 标层,方案层,准则层,例,假设比较矩阵分别为,近似计算结果,每种品牌的满意度,

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