1、软件设计师-专业英语及答案解析(总分：130.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：26，分数：130.00)MIMD systems can be classified into (1) -oriented systems, high-availability systems and response-oriented systems. The goal of (1) -oriented multiprocessing is to obtain high(1) (2) minimal computing cost. The techniques employed by mult
2、iprocessor operating systems to achieve this goal take advantage of an inherent processing versus input/output balance in the workload to produce (3) and (4) loading of system (5) （分数：5.00）A.thoughB.throughC.throughoutD.throughputA.atB.ofC.onD.toA.balanceB.balancedC.balancesD.balancingA.uniformB.uni
3、queC.unitD.unitedA.resourceB.resourcesC.sourceD.sourcesSoon, more of the information we receive via the Internet could come (6) in digital wrappers. Wrappers are made up (7) software code thats targeted to do specific things with the data (8) within them, such as helping to define queries for search
4、 engines. They also keep (9) from (10) access to that code.（分数：5.00）A.packageB.packagedC.packagesD.packagingA.ofB.offC.onD.outA.closeB.closedC.encloseD.enclosedA.insidersB.moneyC.outsidersD.warehouseA.gainB.gainedC.gainsD.gainingA typical (11) language contains an applicative sub-language which appr
5、oximates the mathematical abstractions of “timeless“ functions applied to “spaceless values, where the actual operation sequences and use of storage space during expression evaluation are organized behind the (12) . In this setting, values are data structures of low volume, typically a few computer
6、words or less, which means that an illusion of spacelessness can be realized by having (13) results during expression evaluation stored at the discretion of the language implementation, and effecting parameter (14) and (15) operations through value copying.（分数：5.00）A.imperativeB.mandatoryC.compulsor
7、yD.voluntaryA.foregroundB.backgroundC.screenD.scenesA.middleB.intermediateC.previousD.finalA.transverseB.transportationC.transmissionD.translationA.assignmentB.designC.valueD.dispatchMost computer systems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system tha
8、t is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of (19) users. Detecting such abusive usage as well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to pr
9、event future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（分数：5.00）A.vulnerableB.weekC.sensitivelyD.helplessA.reliableB.secureC.indestructibleD.steadyA.visitB.accessC.I/OD.read/writeA.powerB.tightsC.authorizedD.commonA.searchedB.checkedC.testedD.detecte
10、dSOCKS is a genetic proxy protocol for TCP/IP-based networking, applications. SOCKS includes two (21) , the SOCKS server and the SOCKS client. The SOCKS server is implemented at the application layer. The SOCKS client is implemented between applications and the (22) layer. When an application client
11、 needs to connect to an application server, the client connects to a SOCKS proxy server. The proxy server connects to the application server instead of the client, and (23) data between the client and the application server. For the application server, the proxy server is the (24) . SOCKS is also on
12、e of the popular (25) to network firewalls. Because of its simplicity and flexibility, SOCKS has been used as genetic application proxy in virtual private network (VPN), and for extranet applications.（分数：5.00）A.elementsB.componentsC.servicesD.clientsA.transportB.transmissionC.networkD.datalinkA.rela
13、ysB.replacesC.replaysD.repealsA.workstationB.userC.customerD.clientA.methodsB.alternativesC.choicesD.replacementsA Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the brows
14、er knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlinks-theres 99 percent of the (29) value. Thats not to say that the manufacturers didnt go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto
15、their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you cant wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu? Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development? Remember frames and all th
16、eir nasty side effects?（分数：5.00）A.superlinksB.linksC.hyperlinksD.connectionsA.displayingB.illustratingC.drawingD.writingA.directB.navigateC.indicateD.go-onA.Web browsersB.terminalsC.emulatorsD.networksA.planeB.plantC.plateD.platform(31) data effectively is crucial for success in todays competitive e
17、nvironment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (32) in hardware and software. (33) integration uses a base document that contains copies
18、 of other objects. (34) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source document it contains. (35) provides an overview of the program written in “plain“ English, without the computer syntax.（分数：5.00）A.GeneralizingB.SharingC.General-usingD.GlobalizingA
19、.similarityB.interoperabilityC.diversityD.interactionA.SimulatedB.DuplicatedC.DynamicD.StaticA.LinkedB.pointedC.DynamicD.StaticA.High-level languageB.Decision treeC.PseudocodeD.FlowchartTraditional structured analysis techniques focus upon the flow of (36) within a system. Object-oriented analysis e
20、mphasizes the building of real-world models. It examines requirements from the perspective of the classes and objects found in the vocabulary of the (37) domain.Traditional system design method emphasizes the proper and effective structure of a complex system. Object-oriented design method encompass
21、es the process of object-oriented decomposition and a (38) for depicting both logical and physical as well as static and dynamic models of the system under design.Object-oriented programming is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as cooperative collections of objects, each of
22、which represents an (39) of some class, and whose classes are all members of a hierarchy of classes united via (40) relationships.（分数：5.00）A.controlB.programC.dataD.referenceA.problemB.solutionC.dataD.programA.markB.pictureC.symbolD.notationA.instanceB.exampleC.existenceD.implementationA.controlB.in
23、heritanceC.inferenceD.connectionNetworks can be interconnected by different devices. In the physical layer, networks can be connected by (41) or hubs, which just move the bits from one network to an identical network. One layer up we find bridges and switches, which operate at data link layer. They
24、can accept (42) , examine the MAC address, and forward the frames to a different network while doing minor protocol translation in the process. In the network layer, we have routers that can connect two networks. If two networks have (43) network layer, the router may be able to translate between th
25、e packet formats. In the transport layer we find transport gateway, which can interface between two transport connections. Finally, in the application layer, application gateways translate message (44) . As an example, gateways between Internet E-mail and X.400 E-mail must (45) the E-mail message an
26、d change various header fields.（分数：5.00）A.reapersB.relaysC.connectorsD.modemsA.framesB.packetsC.packagesD.cellsA.specialB.dependentC.similarD.dissimilarA.syntaxB.semanticsC.languageD.formatA.analyzeB.parseC.deleteD.createThe purpose of the requirements definition phase is to produce a clear, complet
27、e, consistent, and testable (46) of the technical requirements for the software product.During the requirements definition phase, the requirements definition team uses an iterative process to expand a broad statement of the system requirements into a complete and detailed specification of each funct
28、ion that the software must perform and each (47) that it must meet. The starting point is usually a set of high-level requirements from the (48) that describe the project or problem.In either case, the requirements definition team formulates an overall concept for the system and then defines (49) sh
29、owing how the system will be operated, publishes the system and operations concept document, and conducts a system concept review (SCR).Following the SCR, the team derives (50) requirements for the system from the high-level requirements and the system and operations concept. Using structured or obj
30、ect-oriented analysis the team specifies the software functions and algorithms needed to satisfy each detailed requirement.（分数：5.00）A.functionB.definitionC.modelD.statementA.criterionB.standardC.scenariosD.systemA.producerB.customerC.specificationD.analyserA.rulesB.principlesC.programmerD.scenesA.de
31、tailedB.outlinedC.totalD.completeDOM is a platform and language- (51) API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be further
32、 processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented (52) . DOM is a (53) -based API to documents, which requires the whole document to be represented in (54) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to process v
33、ery large (55) documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（分数：5.00）A.specificB.neutralC.containedD.relatedA.textB.imageC.pageD.graphicA.tableB.treeC.controlD.eventA.documentB.processorC.discD.memoryA.XMLB.HTMLC.scriptD.webMelissa and LoveLetter made use of the trust that exis
34、ts between friends or colleagues. Imagine receiving an (56) from a friend who asks you to open it. This is what happens with Melissa and several other similar Email (57) . Upon running, such worms usually proceed to send themselves out to Email addresses from the victims address book, previous Email
35、s, Web pages (58) As administrators seek to block dangerous Email attachments through the recognition of well-known (59) , virus writers use other extensions to circumvent such protection. Executable (.exe) files are renamed to .bat and .cmd plus a whole list of other extensions and will still run a
36、nd successfully infect target users.Frequently, hackers try to penetrate networks by sending an attachment that looks like a flash movie, which, while displaying some cute animation, simultaneously runs commands in the background to steal your passwords and give the (60) access to your network.（分数：5
37、.00）A.attachmentB.packetC.datagramD.messageA.virtualB.virusC.wormsD.bacteriaA.memoryB.cachesC.portsD.registersA.namesB.cookiesC.softwareD.extensionsA.crackerB.userC.customerD.clientMIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1
38、DI, the communications “ (62) “, the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called “Standard MIDI Files“. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are store
39、d in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（分数：5.00）A.personalB.electronicC.multimediaD.networkA.deviceB.protocolC.networkD.controllerA.formatB.textC.waveD.centerA.VideoB.FaxmailC.GraphicD.
40、AudioA.messagesB.packetsC.frameD.informationCertificates are (66) documents attesting to the (67) of a public key to an individual or other entity. They allow verification of the claim that a given public key does in fact belong to a given individual. Certificates help prevent someone from using a p
41、hony key to (68) someone else. In their simplest form, Certificates contain a public key and a name. As commonly used, a certificate also contains an (69) date, the name, of the CA that issued the certificate, a serial number, and perhaps other information. Most importantly, it contains the digital
42、(70) of the certificate issuer. The most widely accepted format for certificates is X.509, thus, Certificates can be read or written by any application complying with X.509.（分数：5.00）A.textB.dataC.digitalD.structuredA.connectingB.bindingC.composingD.conductingA.impersonateB.personateC.damageD.control
43、A.communicationB.computationC.expectationD.expirationA.signatureB.markC.stampD.hypertextOriginally introduced by Netscape Communications, (71) are a general mechanism which HTTP Server side applications, such as CGI (72) , can use to both store and retrieve information on the HTTP (73) side of the c
44、onnection. Basically, Cookies can be used to compensate for the (74) nature of HTTP. The addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of WWW-based (75) （分数：5.00）A.BrowsersB.CookiesC.ConnectionsD.ScriptsA.graphicsB.processesC.scriptsD.textsA.ClientB.Edito
45、rC.CreatorD.ServerA.fixedB.flexibleC.stableD.statelessA.programsB.applicationsC.frameworksD.constrainsWebSQL is a SQL-like (76) language for extracting information from the web. Its capabilities for performing navigation of web (77) make it a useful tool for automating several web-related tasks that
46、 require the systematic processing of either ail the finks in a (78) , all the pages that can be reached from a given URL through (79) that match a pattern, or a combination of both. WebSQL also provides transparent access to index servers that can be queried via the Common (80) Interface.（分数：5.00）A
47、.queryB.transactionC.communicationD.programmingA.browsersB.serversC.hypertextsD.clientsA.hypertextB.pageC.protocolD.operationA.pathsB.chipsC.toolsD.directoriesA.RouterB.DeviceC.ComputerD.GatewayNACs (Network Access Control) role is to restrict network access to only compliant endpoints and (81) user
48、s. However, NAC is not a complete LAN (82) solution; additional proactive and (83) security measures must be implemented. Nevis is the first and only comprehensive LAN security solution that combines deep security processing of every packet at 100Gbps, ensuring a high level of security plus applicat
49、ion availability and performance. Nevis integrates NAC as the first line of LAN security (84) In addition to NAC, enterprises need to implement role-based network access control as well as critical proactive security measures-real-time, multilevel (85) inspection and microsecond threat containment.（分数：5.00）A.automatedB.distinguishedC.authenticatedD.destructedA.crisisB.securityC.favorableD.excellentA.constructiveB.reductiveC.reactiveD.productiveA.defenseB.intrusionC.inbreakD.protectionA.portB.connectionC.threatD.insuranceVirtualization is an approach to IT that pools and shares (86
