1、 IEC 61290-3 Edition 2.0 2008-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Optical amplifiers Test methods Part 3: Noise figure parameters Amplificateurs optiques Mthodes dessais Partie 3: Paramtres du facteur de bruit IEC 61290-3:2008 THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2008 IEC, Ge
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16、Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 61290-3 Edition 2.0 2008-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Optical amplifiers Test methods Part 3: Noise figure parameters Amplificateurs optiques Mthodes dessais Partie 3: Paramtres du facteur de bruit INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECT
17、ROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE L ICS 33.180.30 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 2-8318-9952-4 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale 2 61290-3 IEC:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD.3 INTRODUCTION.5 1 Scope and object6 2 Normative
18、 references .6 3 Acronyms and abbreviations.6 4 Noise figure generalities.7 5 Noise figure contributions.8 6 Noise figure test methods.9 Bibliography11 Table 1 Parameters measurable with each of the two methods of Clause 510 61290-3 IEC:2008 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPTICAL AMPL
19、IFIERS TEST METHODS Part 3: Noise figure parameters FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operatio
20、n on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IE
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27、rs of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or
28、 any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication ma
29、y be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61290-3 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics. This second edition cance
30、ls and replaces the first edition, published in 2000, and constitutes a technical revision. It includes updates to specifically address additional types of optical amplifiers and to highlight that the IEC 61290-3 series pertains to single-channel amplifiers. References have been added to the documen
31、ts pertaining to multichannel amplifiers. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 86C/842/FDIS 86C/854/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. 4 61290-3 IEC:20
32、08 This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the speci
33、fic publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 61290-3 IEC:2008 5 INTRODUCTION This International Standard is devoted to the subject of optical amplifiers. The technology of optical amplifiers is still evolving, hence amendme
34、nts to and new editions of this standard can be expected. Each abbreviation introduced in this standard is explained in the text at least the first time it appears. However, for an easier understanding of the whole text, a list of all abbreviations used in this standard is given in Clause 3. 6 61290
35、-3 IEC:2008 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS TEST METHODS Part 3: Noise figure parameters 1 Scope and object This International Standard applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs), including OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based on either rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect)
36、, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) and planar waveguide optical amplifiers (PWOAs). The object of this standard is to provide the general background for OA noise figure parameters measurements and to indicate those IEC standard test methods for accurate and reliable measurements of the follow
37、ing OA parameters, as defined in IEC 61291-1: a) noise figure (NF); b) noise factor (F); c) multiple path interference (MPI) figure of merit; d) signal-spontaneous noise figure; e) (equivalent) spontaneous-spontaneous optical bandwidth (B sp-sp ); f) forward amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) powe
38、r level; g) reverse ASE power level; h) ASE bandwidth. This standard addresses measurement of OAs that are to be used for amplifying single channels, that is signals from a single transmitter. Testing of OAs for multichannel use involves additional considerations, such as: the number, wavelengths an
39、d relative power of the signals, the ability to measure signals simultaneously and to measure the ASE between channels. NOTE Methods for measurement of OAs for multichannel use are included in the IEC 61290-10 series. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for th
40、e application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 61290-3-1, Optical amplifiers Test methods Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters Optical spectrum analyzer m
41、ethod IEC 61290-3-2, Optical amplifiers Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure parameters Electrical spectrum analyzer method IEC 61291-1, Optical amplifiers Part 1: Generic specification 3 Acronyms and abbreviations ASE amplified spontaneous emission B sp-sp(equivalent) spontaneous-spontaneous opt
42、ical bandwidth 61290-3 IEC:2008 7 ESA electrical spectrum analyzer F noise factor FWHM full width half maximum MPI multiple path interference NF noise figure OA optical amplifiers OFA optical fibre amplifier OSA optical spectrum analyzer PWOA planar waveguide optical amplifiers SOA semiconductor opt
43、ical amplifiers SNR signal-to-noise ratio 4 Noise figure generalities The noise figure is one of the most important parameters of an OA. Following the definition in IEC 61291-1, the noise factor, i.e. the linear form of the noise figure, can be expressed by: in 2 noise out 2 noise 2 out 2 signal out
44、 2 noise in 2 noise in 2 signal output input 1 = = i i G F i i i i SNR SNR F(1) where SNR denotes signal-to-noise ratios; i denotes photocurrents in an ideal photodetector with a quantum efficiency of 1; G denotes the optical signal gain. The input noise current is, by definition, the shot noise cur
45、rent caused by the optical input signal. This excludes other noise sources on the input side. The output noise current is the sum of five contributions. Each of these contributions can be expressed by a partial noise factor: a) signal shot noise factor, F shot,sig , from shot noise from amplified in
46、put signal; b) ASE shot noise factor, F shot,ase , from shot noise from amplified spontaneous emission; c) signal-spontaneous noise factor, F sig-sp , from signal beating with ASE; d) spontaneous-spontaneous noise factor, F sp-sp , from ASE beating with itself; e) noise factor from multiple path int
47、erference (MPI), F mpi . The total noise factor (in linear, not logarithmic units) is: mpi sp sp sp sig ase shot, sig shot, total F F F F F F + + + + = (2) 8 61290-3 IEC:2008 The noise figure can be calculated using: () total log 10 F NF = (3) Equation (2) can be used for optical noise figure measur
48、ements, as well as for estimating the influence of various parameters in electrical noise figure measurements. It represents a complete noise figure model of an OA. 5 Noise figure contributions The signal shot noise factor is: G F 1 sig shot, =, (4) where G is the gain at the signal wavelength. The
49、ASE shot noise factor is: in 2 ase ase shot, P G P F = (5) where P aseis the wavelength-integrated ASE power; P inis the optical input signal power. The signal-spontaneous noise factor is: sig p ase, sp sig h 2 G F = (6) where ase,pis the optical power density of spontaneous emission, in the same polarization state as the output signal, at the signal wavelength, in W/Hz; h is Plancks c
