1、全国 2012 年 10 月自学考试语言与文化试题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：150 分钟)一、课程代码：00838(总题数：1，分数：0.00)I1. Anthropological culture refers to _. （分数：1.00）A.culture in its broad senseB.culture in its narrow senseC.large C cultureD.academic culture2.Which of the following is NOT an example of the components of small c cultur
2、e? （分数：1.00）A.Houses and foods.B.Political organizations.C.Gestures and facial expressions.D.World views.3._ meaning is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning. （分数：1.00）A.SocialB.ConnotativeC.AffectiveD.Reflected4. “Domicile”, “residence” and “home” ar
3、e synonyms, but they are different so far as their _meanings are concerned. （分数：1.00）A.conceptualB.reflectedC.socialD.thematic5.Which of the following is NOT a grammatical morpheme? （分数：1.00）A.-sB.-lyC.-estD.-ed6.a)He came to Shanghai in the fall of 2008.他 2008 年秋天来到上海。 b)He once worked in Shanghai他
4、曾在上海工作过。 The above examples indicate that _. （分数：1.00）A.formal markers for tenses and aspects in Chinese are optionalB.formal markers for tenses and aspects in English are optionalC.formal markers for non-finite verbs in Chinese are obligatoryD.formal markers for non-finite verbs in English are obli
5、gatory7. In English, _ are inherited and more distinctive. （分数：1.00）A.given namesB.surnamesC.nicknamesD.full names8.Which of the following is commonly used to bid farewell among the Chinese people as well as among English speakers? （分数：1.00）A.Its nice to have met you.B.Walk well, please.C.See you to
6、morrow.D.Im pleased to know you.9.“To pull somebodys leg” corresponds to _. （分数：1.00）A.拖某人后腿B.开某人的玩笑C.不动声色D.让某人笔直站立10.The Chinese equivalent to “not in a hundred years” is _. （分数：1.00）A.一百年不变B.永远不变C.永远不能成功D.从来没有11.Which of the following sentences uses similes? （分数：1.00）A.His words stabbed at her hea
7、rt.B.My love is a red, red rose.C.The son looks like his father.D.The nurse looks like an angel.12.In the sentence “He won her hand in marriage”, a metaphor is used to illustrate that love is _. （分数：1.00）A.a physical forceB.a patientC.madnessD.war13.Which of the following statements is proper in the
8、 western social situation? （分数：1.00）A.How are you getting along with your work?B.Are you married or single?C.How come youre still single!D.Do you go to church?14.In English culture anything that may remind an old person of his/her age might be offensive. If you are going to give a present to an Engl
9、ish woman in her fifties, which of the following is IMPROPER? （分数：1.00）A.A bunch of flowers.B.A bottle of red wine.C.A box of chocolates.D.A china god of longevity.15. Man: There is a new movie on tonight. Woman: I have to get up early tomorrow. The logical relation the above sentences exhibit is _.
10、 （分数：1.00）A.coherenceB.cohesionC.connectionD.conduction16. Which of the following statements has adversative relations? （分数：1.00）A.My client says he doesnt know this witness. Further, he denies ever having seen her.B.He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. Instead, he looked even gloomier.C.I did
11、nt know your phone number. Otherwise I should have called you.D.There are two reasons for my failure. Firstly, I wasnt well prepared; secondly, my assistant was sick at the time.17.In advertisement English, there is a tactful use of homophones words that are pronounced alike but written differently
12、and often have different meanings. This feature can be seen in _. （分数：1.00）A.Im MORE satisfied. (cigarette)B.The new computer from AT (2)business discussion; (3) public lectures; (4) staying with spouses and kids （分数：3.00）_V45.人不犯我，我不犯人。 （分数：3.00）_46.真不知道怎么感谢你才好。 （分数：3.00）_47.善意的谎言 （分数：3.00）_48.Man
13、proposes, God disposes. （分数：3.00）_49.disadvantaged families （分数：3.00）_50.a green Christmas （分数：3.00）_VI51.Define a proverb and illustrate how proverbs are related to culture in different cultures, by referring to the following groups of examples. (1) God help those who help themselves. 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚。
14、(2) Rats desert a sinking ship. 树倒猢狲散。 （分数：10.00）_52. Please use “nurse”, “bank clerk”, and “truck driver” as examples to define the terms of “white-collar jobs”, “blue-collar jobs” and “pink-collar employees”.（分数：10.00）_全国 2012 年 10 月自学考试语言与文化试题答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：150 分钟)一、课程代码：00838(总题数：1，分数：0.00)
15、I1. Anthropological culture refers to _. （分数：1.00）A.culture in its broad senseB.culture in its narrow sense C.large C cultureD.academic culture解析：本题主要考查人类学文化。狭义的文化又被称作“小写 c 文化”或“人类学文化”。2.Which of the following is NOT an example of the components of small c culture? （分数：1.00）A.Houses and foods. B.Pol
16、itical organizations.C.Gestures and facial expressions.D.World views.解析：本题主要考查狭义的文化的内容成分。“小写 c 文化”即狭义的文化，它不包括物质生产，它强调一个民族的风俗、习惯和行为模式，并关注制约它们的价值体系、世界观和民族性。它也强调人们建立起来的社会制度与社会组织等。由此可知，“小写 c 文化”包括选项 B、C、D 的内容而不包括选项 A 的内容，故选 A。3._ meaning is the communicative value an expression has in addition to the pu
17、rely conceptual meaning. （分数：1.00）A.SocialB.Connotative C.AffectiveD.Reflected解析：本题主要考查词汇的内涵意义。词汇的内涵意义是一个词语在纯概念意义之外的交际价值。4. “Domicile”, “residence” and “home” are synonyms, but they are different so far as their _meanings are concerned. （分数：1.00）A.conceptualB.reflectedC.social D.thematic解析：本题主要考查词汇的
18、社会意义。词汇的社会意义又称文体意义，指一种语言所使用的社会环境。我们在语言中能充分反映出语言使用的环境。例如，“domicile”，“residence”和“home”是同义词，但其社会意义却有所不同。“domicile”一般用于官方文件、法律条文中，或涉及当事人的官方、法律事务中；“residence”一般用于正式的或行政管理的环境中；“home”是同学、同事、朋友、家庭成员之间经常使用的日常生活用语。5.Which of the following is NOT a grammatical morpheme? （分数：1.00）A.-sB.-ly C.-estD.-ed解析：本题主要考查
19、语法词素。词素可以分为屈折词素和派生词素，语法词素指的是屈折词素。英语中的屈折词素多是出现在词尾的词缀：表示复数或第三人称单数现在时的“-s”、表示一般过去时或过去分词的“-ed”、表示形容词或副词比较级或最高级的“-er”，“-est”等。英语中的所有前缀，以及后缀中不属于语法范畴的“-er”，“-ly”，“-ment”等也都是派生词素。6.a)He came to Shanghai in the fall of 2008.他 2008 年秋天来到上海。 b)He once worked in Shanghai他曾在上海工作过。 The above examples indicate tha
20、t _. （分数：1.00）A.formal markers for tenses and aspects in Chinese are optional B.formal markers for tenses and aspects in English are optionalC.formal markers for non-finite verbs in Chinese are obligatoryD.formal markers for non-finite verbs in English are obligatory解析：本题主要考查英语和汉语在时和体方面的不同。英语动词用词形变化
21、来表达不同的时和体，而汉语用来表示时和体的时体助词是非强制性的。只要句子的时、体意义已经表达清楚，则表示时和体的时体助词可以不必出现。7. In English, _ are inherited and more distinctive. （分数：1.00）A.given namesB.surnames C.nicknamesD.full names解析：本题主要考查英语中的姓名。英语姓名包括带头衔或不带头衔的名、姓、全名以及绰号或昵称。姓是祖传的，而且讲英语的人使用的姓比名字多，所以在英语中姓比名更有区分性。8.Which of the following is commonly used
22、to bid farewell among the Chinese people as well as among English speakers? （分数：1.00）A.Its nice to have met you.B.Walk well, please.C.See you tomorrow. D.Im pleased to know you.解析：本题主要考查英语和汉语中的辞别语。“See you tomorrow.”是讲英语的人在分手时常说的，译成汉语是“明天见”，这也能被用作中国人之间的道别用语。“Im pleased to know you.”以及“Its nice to ha
23、ve met you. ”对大多数中国人来说很陌生。“Walk well，please.”在汉语中译成“请走好”，讲英语的人听起来会觉得很奇怪。9.“To pull somebodys leg” corresponds to _. （分数：1.00）A.拖某人后腿B.开某人的玩笑 C.不动声色D.让某人笔直站立解析：本题主要考查有关言谈举止的成语。“To pull somebodys leg”与汉语中的“开某人的玩笑”相对应，而与“扯某人的后腿”是不一致的。10.The Chinese equivalent to “not in a hundred years” is _. （分数：1.00）
24、A.一百年不变B.永远不变C.永远不能成功 D.从来没有解析：本题主要考查成语在英语和汉语中的对应。“Not in a hundred years”表示不管努力多久也不可能成功。这个成语相当于汉语中的正式用语“永远不能成功”和口语“一辈子也干不成”。11.Which of the following sentences uses similes? （分数：1.00）A.His words stabbed at her heart.B.My love is a red, red rose.C.The son looks like his father.D.The nurse looks like
25、 an angel. 解析：本题主要考查明喻。明喻是两者或更多不同事物之间的直接比较，一般用“like”或“as”引导，且本体和喻体必须是不同类的事物，但必须有相似之处。首先可以排除 A、B 两项。C 项中，“the son”和“his father”同属人类，也不属于明喻。只有 D 项是明喻。12.In the sentence “He won her hand in marriage”, a metaphor is used to illustrate that love is _. （分数：1.00）A.a physical forceB.a patientC.madnessD.war
26、解析：本题主要考查有关爱情的隐喻。“He won her hand in marriage”可译为“他赢得了同她的婚姻”。这个隐喻表明“爱是战争”。13.Which of the following statements is proper in the western social situation? （分数：1.00）A.How are you getting along with your work? B.Are you married or single?C.How come youre still single!D.Do you go to church?解析：本题主要考查英语中的
27、禁忌语。在与讲英语的人进行交谈时，一些关于他们的爱情和婚姻的问题应当避免。另外，在英语文化中，直接询问他人的宗教信仰也是不合适的。谈论工作进展情况是可以的。14.In English culture anything that may remind an old person of his/her age might be offensive. If you are going to give a present to an English woman in her fifties, which of the following is IMPROPER? （分数：1.00）A.A bunch
28、of flowers.B.A bottle of red wine.C.A box of chocolates.D.A china god of longevity. 解析：本题主要考查送礼时的一些禁忌。在英语文化中，任何涉及个人隐私的事物都属于禁忌语。讲英语的人不喜欢别人问自己的年龄，特别是老年人。如果一个 50 岁的英国女性收到陶瓷做的寿星这样的生日礼物，她会很生气，因为她不想看上去像老寿星一样老态龙钟；而生日时送一些小礼物，比如一束花、一瓶酒、一盒巧克力是合适的。15. Man: There is a new movie on tonight. Woman: I have to get
29、up early tomorrow. The logical relation the above sentences exhibit is _. （分数：1.00）A.coherence B.cohesionC.connectionD.conduction解析： 本题主要考查语篇中的连贯。通常语篇中的句子是以某种方式联系在一起的。如果语篇中的句子是以语法和或词汇手段连接的，我们称之为“衔接”。如果语篇中的句子仅仅通过语义连接，我们称之为“连贯”。在题干所给句子中，两句之间没有语法或词汇的连接，它们仅仅通过语义连接起来，因此是一种连贯(coherence)。16. Which of the f
30、ollowing statements has adversative relations? （分数：1.00）A.My client says he doesnt know this witness. Further, he denies ever having seen her.B.He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. Instead, he looked even gloomier. C.I didnt know your phone number. Otherwise I should have called you.D.There ar
31、e two reasons for my failure. Firstly, I wasnt well prepared; secondly, my assistant was sick at the time.解析：本题主要考查毗邻两个句子之间的转折关系。转折关系的基本含义是“出人意料”，常可用yet，only，instead 等词引出。选项中只有 B 项表示转折关系。A 项为表示附加关系的句子；C 项为表示因果关系的句子；D 项为表示时间关系的句子。17.In advertisement English, there is a tactful use of homophones words
32、 that are pronounced alike but written differently and often have different meanings. This feature can be seen in _. （分数：1.00）A.Im MORE satisfied. (cigarette)B.The new computer from AT (2)business discussion; (3) public lectures; (4) staying with spouses and kids （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(1) conversations wit
33、h relativesthe casual-personal zone (2) business discussionthe socio-consultative zone (3) public lecturesthe public zone (4) staying with spouses and kidsthe intimate zone)解析：V45.人不犯我，我不犯人。 （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(We will not attack unless we are attacked.)解析：46.真不知道怎么感谢你才好。 （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(I cant thank yo
34、u enough.)解析：47.善意的谎言 （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(a white lie)解析：48.Man proposes, God disposes. （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(谋事在人，成事在天。)解析：49.disadvantaged families （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(贫困家庭)解析：50.a green Christmas （分数：3.00）_正确答案：(没下雪的圣诞节)解析：VI51.Define a proverb and illustrate how proverbs are related to culture in different cu
35、ltures, by referring to the following groups of examples. (1) God help those who help themselves. 平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚。 (2) Rats desert a sinking ship. 树倒猢狲散。 （分数：10.00）_正确答案：(A proverb is a brief familiar maxim of folk wisdom, usually compressed in form. It often provides an interesting glimpse or clues to
36、a peoples geography, history, social organization, social views and attitudes. It reflects a peoples living and living environment. It is culture-specific. From group (1), we see that religion is an important source of proverbs The English proverb “God help those who help themselves“ is related to C
37、hristianity, which is popular in English speaking countries, while “平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚“ is related to Buddhism, which is popular in China. Group (2) shows that navigation is important to the Englishmen, so their experience in navigation is a source of English proverbs. “Rats desert a sinking ship“ best rep
38、resents an insular culture, while its Chinese equivalent “树倒猢狲散“ demonstrates a continental culture.)解析：52. Please use “nurse”, “bank clerk”, and “truck driver” as examples to define the terms of “white-collar jobs”, “blue-collar jobs” and “pink-collar employees”.（分数：10.00）_正确答案：(White-collar jobs are professional, business or clerical employments, such as “a bank clerk“. Blue collar jobs are manual work, or skilled, semiskilled or unskilled labor, such as “a truck driver“. Pink-collar employees are employees in occupations traditionally held by women, such as “a nurse“.)解析：
