1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 81 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way a
3、round. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial (微不足道的) aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experien
4、ce and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probing he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the tru
5、e and the false will still have reference to particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary
6、 of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studies social orders have had the opportunity to develop independently, the figure becomes to more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history
7、 of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by
8、 the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.1 The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world is that_.（A）custom reveals only the superficial nature of human
9、behavior（B） the study of social orders can replace the study of custom（C） people are still not aware of the important role that custom plays in forming their world outlook（D）custom has little to do with our ways of thinking2 Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?（A）An individual can
10、 exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he is born.（B） Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.（C） An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.（D）Custom represents the collective wisdom whic
11、h benefits the individual.3 Which of the following can best describe “custom“?（A）the concept of the true and the false of a society.（B） the independently developed social orders.（C） the adjustment of the individual to the new social environment.（D）the patterns and standards of behavior of a communit
12、y.4 According the passage, a persons life, from his birth to death, is_.（A）constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his people（B） predominated by traditional custom（C） continually influenced by the habits of other communities（D）chiefly influenced by the people around him5 The authors purpose in
13、 writing his passage is to_.（A）urge individuals to follow traditional customs（B） stress the strong influence of customs on an individual（C） examine the interaction of man and social customs（D）show mans adjustment to traditional customs5 The United States of America is often seen as a nation in which
14、 the pursuit of happiness is not a dream but a reality. The sad truth is that although portrayed as an unusually easy life, life in America is as much of a struggle as in any other nation.For example, higher level education for Americans does not come easy. Although there are scholarships , grants a
15、nd loans available, if the student fails to meet the criteria (标准) he is left with only personal resources to draw from. This takes him into a life with not only a school schedule to follow but perhaps, also, a work schedule and family life. These are often the difficulties that are not portrayed th
16、rough the TV and movies. These are also the difficulties which many believe they will not encounter by attending an American college.In the second place, there is financial security. Many times what is portrayed of life in America is a life where “money“ is no object. The fallacy (谬误) in this is tha
17、t, in spite of the comparatively higher wages available, the cost of living is also higher. Even though it may seem like one is making more money, just as much is spent in surviving. Each person has their own personal struggle and money is an object for the majority of the people.Thirdly is the beli
18、ef that in American way of life everyone has a good job. With the increasing advancements in technology, a well-paid job for those currently in the work force is getting harder to find. Those who have not been exposed to computers and other new methods of communication are finding this to be true. A
19、s it stands now, the job market is requiring at least a two-year degree from college, in order to make enough to live comfortably. Even then well-paid jobs are not easy to find, as it is sometimes believed because of the portrayal of life in America.6 The life in America emphasizes more on_.（A）justi
20、ce（B） entertainment（C） liberty（D）happiness7 According to the passage, if the students in America cannot obtain scholarships, grants and loans, they have to_.（A）depend on government to help them（B） get college admission by their own hard work（C） depend on themselves even in college（D）borrow money fro
21、m their parents8 Most people regard money as lifes object because_.（A）money is everything in America（B） it is easy to earn money in America（C） money is a symbol of status（D）they require more money for survival9 The labor force in America_.（A）provides many positions for applicants（B） only needs the p
22、eople with advanced science and technology（C） seldom promises a qualified applicant a high wage（D）has fierce competition out of our imagination10 Which of the following is the example cited by the author to testify his judgment of the life in America?（A）The description in movies.（B） Higher welfare s
23、tandard.（C） Technological security.（D）Work force.10 Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone“ regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and ma
24、ny of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches
25、 apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.This difference applies also to the closeness with whi
26、ch people sit together, the extent that they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!Although North Americans h
27、ave a relatively wide “comfort zone“ for talking, they communicate a great deal with their handsnot only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a
28、funny story; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection; they readily take someones arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many peopleespecially those from Asia or the Moslem countriessuch body contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvert
29、ently done with left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.11 In terms of body distance, North Americans_.（A）are similar to South Americans（B） stand farther apart（C） feel ill at ease when too close（D）move nearer d
30、uring conversation12 For Asians, the comfort zone_.（A）is deliberately determined（B） measures 21 inches（C） varies according to status（D）implies esteem13 It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchman would _.（A）behave in the same way as an American would（B） make no partic
31、ular effort to distance himself（C） be afraid of body contact（D）do his best to leave14 When Americans tell a joke, they often_.（A）pat people on the head（B） give people a hug（C） dig people in the ribs（D）touch people on the arm15 Which of the following is true about “left-handedness“?（A）The Asians are
32、likely to pat an arm in reassurance with left hand.（B） People in the USA are all left-handed.（C） People in Moslem countries tend to use left hand.（D）Japanese are less likely to use left hand.15 There are two main changes comparing with the past. First, there are new definitions of what man can achie
33、ve, of what a human standard of life should be. In recent times this has been particularly true since technology has consistently broadened mans potential, it has made a longer, healthier, better life possible. Thus, in terms of what is technically possible, we have higher aspirations. Those who suf
34、fer levels of life well below those that are possible, even though they live better than medieval knights (中世纪骑士) or Asian peasants, are poor.Related to this technological advance is the social definition of poverty. The American rich in Hong Kong or in the sixteenth century are poor here and now in
35、 the United States. They are dispossessed in terms of what the rest of the nations enjoy, in terms of what the society could provide if it had the will. They live on the fringe, the margin. They watch the movies and read the magazines of affluent (丰富的) American, and these will tell them that they ar
36、e internal exiles.And finally, one of the reasons that the income figures show fewer people today with low incomes than 20 years ago is that more wives are working now, and family income has risen as a result. In 1940, 15% of wives were in the labor force; in 1957 the figure was 30%. This means that
37、 there was more money and, presumably, less poverty. Yet a tremendous growth in the number of the impoverishment of home life, of children who receive less care, love, and supervision. This one fact, for instance, might well play a significant role in the problems of the young in America. It could m
38、ean that we have made an improvement in income statistics at the cost of hurting thousands and thousands of children. If a person has money but achieves this through mortgaging the future, who is to say that he or she is no longer poor?16 In recent times, as far as technology is concerned, those who
39、 are poor_.（A）live better than Asian peasants（B） lead better lives than medieval knights（C） cannot achieve the living standard that technology can make（D）have no aspiration17 In the second paragraph, “they are internal exiles“ implies_.（A）their internal feelings are different from the rest of nation
40、（B） they are discriminated by the rest of the nation（C） they are excessively lonely than people in other countries（D）they cant enjoy what the rest of the nation do concerning what the society provides18 The so-called American poor can only be defined by_.（A）technology（B） American social background（C
41、） the living standard in the U. S.（D）the living standard of Hong Kong19 More women are working in America, which means_.（A）improvement of all aspects of peoples lives（B） fewer people are poor in the U. S. today（C） the nations economy grows rapidly（D）the rising of family incomes20 Which of the follow
42、ing sentences best describes the last paragraph?（A）Women are playing a less important role in educating children.（B） Its really unnecessary for women to work.（C） Improvement in income at the cost of the happiness of children doesnt mean rich.（D）Problems of the young will be solved if women do not wo
43、rk.20 One study shows that Americans prefer to answer with a brief “Yes“ “No“ “Sure“, or the very popular “Yeah“ rather than with a longer reply. But brief replies do not mean Americans are impolite or unfriendly to some extent. Very often, Americans are in a hurry and may greet you with a single wo
44、rd “Hi“, indeed; this is a greeting you will hear again and again during your stay in the United States. It is used by everyone, regardless of rank , age or occupation . However, those who are accustomed to longer greetings may require a little more time before they feel comfortable with American si
45、mple talk.Americans sometimes use plain talk when they are uncomfortable. If people praise them or thank them in an especially polite way, they may become uncomfortable and not know what to say in reply. They dont want to be impolite or rude, and you can be sure that they liked what was said about t
46、hem. Except for certain holidays, such as Christmas, Americans dont usually give gifts. Thus, you will find Americans embarrassed as they accept gifts, especially if they have nothing to give in return. They are generally a warm but informal people.21 The fact that Americans like shorter answers tel
47、ls us_.（A）they reply very quickly in a hurry（B） they choose words too carefully（C） they like replying briefly（D）they want to be as polite as they can22 Those who like using beautiful or formal words_.（A）need more time to get used to American simple greeting（B） need no time to get familiar with Ameri
48、can greeting（C） do not very much like American way of greeting（D）think Americans are not polite whatever23 Which of the following is NOT true?（A）Americans often answer with the words like “Sure“Yeah“.（B） They are not impolite with brief replies.（C） Americans in high ranks must use formal words in gr
49、eeting.（D）Americans are a warm but informal people.24 The Americans like others praise but if in a polite way_.（A）they dont know what to say in reply（B） they feel somewhat uneasy（C） they dont want to reply（D）both A and B25 The passage indicates that_.（A）Americans exchange gifts the first time they meet（B） Americans seldom give gifts except for some holidays（C） Americans often bring some gifts to their friends（D）Americans only wan
