1、英语词汇学自考题-12 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.Semantics is the study of meanings of different _ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.About content words and functional words, which of the following st
2、atements is not true?_ A. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. B. Functional words dont have notions of their own. Thats why they are called empty words. C. Functional words do far more work of expression in English than content words. D. The chief function of conten
3、t words is to express the relation between notions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following words is not from Chinese?_ A. Tea. B. Ketchup. C. Kungfu. D. Czar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Handbook is a word created by combing _. A. two native words B. a native word and a loan word C. two loan words D. a Celt
4、ic word and an Anglo-Saxon word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Between 1250 and 1500 about _ French words poured into English. A. 900 B. 9000 C. 10000 D. 12000（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Though still at work today, _ can hardly compare with what it was in the past. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. derivation D. conversi
5、on（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.“Im-“, “ir-“, “il-“ and “in-“ are all _ of the _, negative prefix. A. morphs; morpheme B. morphemes; morph C. allomorphs; morphs D. allomorphs; morpheme（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.In English, inflectional affixes are _ and derivational affixes are both _ and _. A. suffixes; prefixes ; su
6、ffixes B. infixes ; suffixes; prefixes C. prefixes; suffixes; prefixes D. prefixes; infixes ; prefixes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The prefix in pseudo-friend is a _. A. prefix of degree or size B. negative prefix C. pejorative prefix D. reversative prefix（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.Most compounds consist of only _ s
7、tems. A. two B. three C. four D. five（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The overwhelming majority of blends are _. A. adjectives B. adverbials C. verbs D. nouns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired _. A. concept B. sense C. motivation D. reference（分数：1.0
8、0）A.B.C.D.13.“Much“ and “many“ have the same _. A. concept B. motivation C. collocation D. sense（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to _. A. morphological structure B. relevant details C. grammatical structure D. physical context（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.1
9、5.Sense relations include _. A. polysemy, analogy, amelioration, homonymy and hyponymy B. tautology, analogy, synonymy, antonymy and homonymy C. polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy D. inconsistency, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16._ is not a pair of homop
10、hones. A. air, heir B. dear, deer C. son, sun D. tear, tear（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.“Lump“, “slice“, “chunk“, “sheet“ and “cake“ have the same _ meaning “piece“, but they are different in A. conceptual; connotation B. lexical; denotation C. conceptual; application D. associative; collocation（分数：1.00）A.B.
11、C.D.18.In Hamlet, “rival“ in “The rivals of my watch, bid them make haste.“ means “_“. A. opinion B. partner C. animal D. judgement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19._ is not the narrowing of word-meaning. A. Some phrases are shortened and only one element of the original is left to retain the meaning of the whole
12、. B. Material nouns are used to refer to objects made of them C. A word of abstract meaning is used as a concrete meaning D. A common word is turned into a specific word（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are _. A. historical reason and class reason B. historical
13、reason and psychological reason C. class reason and psychological reason D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.Context _ meaning. A. explains B. interprets C. defines D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.In “do science at school“, “do“ means “study“, the understanding
14、of “do“ depends on _. A. grammatical context B. lexical context C. relevant details D. extra-linguistic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.In the sentence “Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Birdwhistell.“ _ is used. A. example B. defini
15、tion C. explanation D. synonymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The morphemic structure of words especially _ and _ words offers clues for inferring the meanings of unknown words. A. acronyms; derived B. blends; clipped C. compounds; derived D. converted words; derived（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.Of the five groups of id
16、ioms, _ is the largest group. A. idioms verbal in nature B. idioms adverbial in nature C. idioms nominal in nature D. idioms adjectival in nature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.“Up and down“ is _ as rhetorical colouring. A. rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.In the idiom “p
17、owder ones nose“, _ is used. A. metaphor B. euphemism C. metonymy D. synecdoche（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28._ is a well-known encyclopedic dictionary. A. Websters Third New International Dictionary B. The Word Book Dictionary C. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology D. The Encyclopedia Britannica（分数：1.0
18、0）A.B.C.D.29.British dictionaries generally use _ to indicate pronunciation. A. International Phonetic Alphabet B. Websters systems C. Broad Romic D. Narrow Romic（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.In _ the definition of the words are all in full sentence. A. The Concise Oxford Dictionary B. A Chinese-English Dicti
19、onary C. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English D. Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：10，分数：15.00)31.Photoscanning and hepatitis are 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_32.The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_33.Almos
20、t all affixes are 1 morphemes because few can be used as independent words.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_34.The words “autocide“ and “telex“ are formed by 1.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_35.In the phrase “the mouth of the river“, the word “mouth“ is 1 motivated.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_36.When a word is created, it has only one meaning
21、. The first meaning is 1 meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_37.Absolute synonyms are restricted to highly 1 vocabulary.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_38.There are generally 1 major factors that cause changes in word meaning.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_39.According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms can be divided into “true“ idioms e
22、stablished at the upper end, semi-idioms in between and 1 combinations at the bottom.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_40.The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a 1 dictionary.（分数：1.50）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：5，分数：15.00)41.Modern English（分数：3.00）_42.acronymy（分数：3.00）_43.stylistic meaning（分数：3.00）_44.trans
23、fer（分数：3.00）_45.bilingual dictionary（分数：3.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)46.How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?（分数：5.00）_47.Explain the difference between reference and sense.（分数：5.00）_48.What are the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?（分数：5.00）_49.What
24、are the differences between linguistic dictionaries and encyclopedic dictionaries?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：2，分数：20.00)50.Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponym. apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery（分数：10.00）_51.Read
25、 the extract, pick out the idioms and explain their meanings. Then rewrite the extract in standard non-figurative language. Sam is getting on, too. His hair is pepper and salt, but he knows how to make up for lost time by taking it easy.（分数：10.00）_英语词汇学自考题-12 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：30，分数：
26、30.00)1.Semantics is the study of meanings of different _ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 semantics is the study of meanings of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc. 语义学研究不
27、同语言层次的意义，如词汇、句法、语调、话语等。答案为 A。2.About content words and functional words, which of the following statements is not true?_ A. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. B. Functional words dont have notions of their own. Thats why they are called empty words. C. Functional w
28、ords do far more work of expression in English than content words. D. The chief function of content words is to express the relation between notions.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 A 项实词包括名词、动词、形容词、副词和数词；B 项功能词又被称为虚词，它们本身没有实义；C 项在英语中，功能词比实义词起着更重要的作用；这三项都正确；D 项实词的主要功能是表达概念之间的关系；D 项错误；正确表述是 Content words deno
29、te clear notions. 实义词表示明确的概念。答案为 D。3.Which of the following words is not from Chinese?_ A. Tea. B. Ketchup. C. Kungfu. D. Czar.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 译借词是英语词汇中外来语词的一种，如 tea(茶)译自汉语的“茶”，ketchup(番茄酱)译自汉语的“茄汁”，kungfu 译自汉语的“功夫”。而 czar(沙皇)这个词指 1917 年以前俄国的皇帝，源自罗马皇帝恺撒(Caesar)。现在，这个词用指“任何权力至高无上的人”、“权威”。答案为
30、D。4.Handbook is a word created by combing _. A. two native words B. a native word and a loan word C. two loan words D. a Celtic word and an Anglo-Saxon word（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 古英语(4501150 年)时期，基督教的传人给英国词汇带来了很大的影响。基督教传来了许多新思想、新风俗，同时也传来了许多宗教术语，如 abbot(男修道院院长)，candle(蜡烛)，altar(祭坛)，amen(阿门)，apostle(
31、使徒)等。但当时古英语从拉丁语和其他语言中借来的词并没有后来那么多，有时是改变原有本族语词的词义，如 Easter(原意为纪念黎明之神的春节之名，现义为复活节)。常见的创造新词的办法是把两个本族语词合在一起而构成新词，如 handbook(手册)等。答案为 A。5.Between 1250 and 1500 about _ French words poured into English. A. 900 B. 9000 C. 10000 D. 12000（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从 1250 年到 1500 年的 250 年间，大约有 9000 个法语词汇进入到英语中，其
32、中有 75%仍在使用。这些词与人类社会的各个方面都有关系，政府、社会等级、法律、宗教、道德领域、军事、食物、时装等。答案为 B。6.Though still at work today, _ can hardly compare with what it was in the past. A. word-formation B. borrowing C. derivation D. conversion（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, parti
33、cularly in earlier times. Though still at work now, it can hardly compare with what it did in the past. 可见 borrowing(借词)在英语词汇发展过程中的作用在不断减小。答案为 B。7.“Im-“, “ir-“, “il-“ and “in-“ are all _ of the _, negative prefix. A. morphs; morpheme B. morphemes; morph C. allomorphs; morphs D. allomorphs; morpheme（
34、分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词素是最小的语义单位。如名词复数-s，-es。即有些词素在不同的语言环境中有不同的体现形式，这些具体的体现形式为词素变体。如否定前缀的变体有 im-，ir-，il-，in-。答案为 D。8.In English, inflectional affixes are _ and derivational affixes are both _ and _. A. suffixes; prefixes ; suffixes B. infixes ; suffixes; prefixes C. prefixes; suffixes; prefixes D.
35、prefixes; infixes ; prefixes（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 英语中，屈折词缀通常为后缀，派生词缀既有前缀也有后缀。屈折词缀如复数-s，-es，动词第三人称单数-s，形容词的比较级和最高级-er，-est，派生词缀如前缀 pre-，sub-，后缀-ward，-y等。答案为 A。9.The prefix in pseudo-friend is a _. A. prefix of degree or size B. negative prefix C. pejorative prefix D. reversative prefix（分数：1.00）A. B
36、.C.D.解析：解析 前缀按其表达意义不同共分为 9 种。其中一种为表达贬义意义的词缀，如 mal-(坏的)，mis-(弄错)，pseudo-(假的)。答案为 C。10.Most compounds consist of only _ stems. A. two B. three C. four D. five（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 大多数复合词是由两个词根组成，但是组成方式多样，且词内部的语法关系也异常复杂。答案为 A。11.The overwhelming majority of blends are _. A. adjectives B. adverbials C
37、. verbs D. nouns（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns. 绝大多数拼缀词是名词。答案为 D。12.Words are but symbols, many of which have meaning only when they have acquired _. A. concept B. sense C. motivation D. reference（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 Words are but symbols, many of which have
38、 meaning only when they have acquired reference. 词只是符号，许多词只有获得所指后才有意义。答案为 D。13.“Much“ and “many“ have the same _. A. concept B. motivation C. collocation D. sense（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 概念(concept)存在于语言之外，是人类认知的结果，是客观世界在人脑中的反映，而意义(sense)存在于语言内部，意义的存在依赖于语言内部之间的语义关系及搭配。因此有些词虽具有相同概念，但因其搭配不同的词，所以意义不同。如
39、many 和 much 概念相同，但 many 与可数名词搭配，而 much与不可数名词搭配，所以二者意义也不同。另外，两词并不是理据词汇(motivated words)，它们的形式和意义之间是任意的、规约的关系。答案为 A。14.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to _. A. morphological structure B. relevant details C. grammatical structure D. physical context（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D
40、.解析：解析 这两个词都是复合词，前者是 helio+centric 构成的，后者是 geo+centric 构成的，helio有太阳的意思，如 heliology 是太阳学，geo 有“地球”的意思，如 geography 是“地理”的意思，而centric 是“中心的”。它们分别是以 helio 和 geo 为词干，centric 为词缀构成的词，可以猜出他们的意思分别是“太阳中心说的”和“地球中心说的”。两个复合词是由两个词素构成的，根据这两个词素的意思，即词缀和词干的意思，可以分别猜出他们的意思，这种属于形态理据，也就是 morphological structure。答案为 A。15
41、.Sense relations include _. A. polysemy, analogy, amelioration, homonymy and hyponymy B. tautology, analogy, synonymy, antonymy and homonymy C. polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy D. inconsistency, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 词就其外部方面拼写和发音而言是具有任意性的
42、符号和独立的单位。但在语义上，所有的词都是彼此相关的。一个与其他词相关联的词是在语义上与它们相关的，因而有了语义关系。语义关系主要包括：多义关系、同形同音异义关系、同义关系、反义关系、上下义关系和语义场。答案为 C。16._ is not a pair of homophones. A. air, heir B. dear, deer C. son, sun D. tear, tear（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 A 项 air n. /*/(天空)，heir n. /*/(继承人)；B 项 dear n. /*/(亲爱的人)，deer n. /*/(鹿)；C 项 son n
43、. /*/(儿子)，sun n. /*/(太阳)；都属于同音异形异义词(homophones)；而 D 项 tear n. /*/(撕开，撕裂)属/(泪珠)，tear vt. /*/于同形异音异义词(homographs)。答案为 D。17.“Lump“, “slice“, “chunk“, “sheet“ and “cake“ have the same _ meaning “piece“, but they are different in A. conceptual; connotation B. lexical; denotation C. conceptual; application D. associative; collocation（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 然而它们在哪个方面又是不同的?“lump”，“slice”，“chunk”，“sheet”和“cake”这几个词表示的概念相同，都是表示“件”的单位词，但是搭配不同，如 a lump of sugar(一块糖)，a slice of meat(一块肉)，a chunk of wood(一块木头
