1、英语词汇学自考题-27 及答案解析(总分：89.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：35，分数：35.00)1.Vocabulary is the most _ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. A. unbalanced B. unstable C. unhinged D. undoubted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writ
2、ings because many of his words were used in different _ from what they have now in dictionaries. A. senses B. forms C. dialects D. terms（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.In Shakespeares well-known Hamlet, rival means “_“ and jump means “just“. A. janitor B. partner C. collector D. observer（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Among
3、the types of word-meaning changes, _ and narrowing are the most common by far. A. degradation B. transfer C. elevation D. extension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.Extension of meaning are known as _. A. elevation B. generalization C. transfer D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.Extension refers to the _ of meaning
4、which some words undergo. A. widening B. narrowing C. degrading D. specializing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.Loud colours belongs to _. A. transfer of sensations B. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings C. transfer from objective to subjective D. transfer from subjective to objective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.
5、8.The original meaning of barn is _. A. a place for storing only barley B. a storeroom C. a restroom D. a bathroom（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.The original meaning of manuscript is _. A. any authors writing B. handwriting C. any authors works D. a piece of paper（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.10.The meaning of picture chang
6、ed by the mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. degradation D. elevation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.The four major modes of semantic change are _. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradat
7、ion D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _. A. butcherone who kills goats B. journalperiodical C. companionone who shares bread D. millplaces for grinding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.A legal term “alibi“ signifying “pl
8、ea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed “ now means “excuse“. This change of word-meaning is called _. A. transfer B. narrowing C. extension D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14._ have experienced the extensions of meanings. A. Polysemic words 01 modern English B. Technical
9、terms in the past C. Proper nouns in the past D. All the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is _ accordingly. A. related B. narrowed C. created D. suggested（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.Narrowing of meaning is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquire
10、d a narrower or _ sense. A. typical B. specialized C. general D. particular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.17.The original meaning of wife is _. A. a married woman B. a young woman C. woman D. widowed woman（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.The meaning of meat changed by the mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. d
11、egradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.Which word that formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English? A. Deer. B. Cattle. C. Sheep. D. Bird.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.The semantic change of the word “girl“ from “a young person of either sex“ to “female young p
12、erson“ is called _. A. extension B. narrowing C. degradation D. elevation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The original meaning of “nice“ is “ignorant“ or “foolish“ and its modern meanings “delightful“. This is _. A. extension B. degradation C. transfer of word meaning D. elevation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The meaning
13、of “fond“ changed from “foolish“ to “affectionate“ by mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Degradation can be illustrated by the following example _. A. lewdignorant B. sillyfoolish C. lastpleasure D. knaveboy（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.The original meaning of
14、success is _. A. result B. progress C. event D. incident（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.The meaning of criticize changed by the mode of _. A. elevation B. extension C. degradation D. narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.The original meaning of minister is _. A. head of a ministry B. tutor C. farmer D. servant（分数：1.00）A
15、.B.C.D.27.The meaning of knave changed by the mode of _. A. elevation B. extension C. degradation D. narrowing（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _. A. derivation B. deterioration C. purification D. pejoration（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Dreadful and hateful bel
16、ong to _. A. transfer from subjective to objective meaning B. transfer of sensation C. transfer from objective to subjective D. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.The well-known semanticist Ullmann notes, “language is more _ than civilization, material as well as mora
17、l.“ A. creative B. conservative C. radical D. constructive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.31.Extra-linguistic factors of word-meaning change include _. A. historical B. psychological reason C. class reason D. all the above（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.32.Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to re
18、fer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South?_ A. Rattlesnake. B. Villain. C. Informer. D. Copperhead.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.33.Linguistic factors of word-meaning change exclude _. A. internal factors within the language system B. the influx of borrowing C. analogy D. grammar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.
19、D.34.Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings _ because of the influence of Christianity. A. elevated B. degraded C. narrowed D. extended（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.35.In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.“ The word grown can be classified into _ sense of transfer. A. physica
20、l B. objective C. sensational D. subjective（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、B(总题数：13，分数：13.00)36.Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_37.Changing in word meaning has never 1 since the language came into being and will continu
21、e in the future.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_38.Extension of meaning is also known as 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_39.Extension of meaning is a process by which a word originally had a specialized meaning has now become 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_40.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, 1 and transfer.
22、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_41.Narrowing of meaning is the opposite of 1 meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_42. 1 or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_43.Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of 1 elevation.（分数：1.00）填空项 1
23、:_44.Car which used to be a “two-wheel cart drawn by horses and used in 1“ has taken on the meaning “automobile“ with the development of modern car industry.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_45.There are generally 1 major factors that cause changes in word meaning.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_46.Changes of word meaning are due to
24、 linguistic factors and 1 factors.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_47.The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_48.Fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance accidental“ and later took on the meaning “fortunate“ probably by _ because the
25、two words look similar.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、B(总题数：3，分数：12.00)49.narrowing of meaning（分数：4.00）_50.elevation(amelioration)（分数：4.00）_51.associated transfer（分数：4.00）_四、B(总题数：4，分数：20.00)52.What makes Shakespeare particularly difficult to read, old form of spelling, old ways of pronunciation or change of wor
26、d meaning? How do you account for the semantic change in living languages?（分数：5.00）_53.How many types are there in word-meaning changes?（分数：5.00）_54.What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type? The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty“ is very interesting.（分数：5.00）_55.What are the caus
27、es of semantic changes?（分数：5.00）_五、B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（分数：9.99）(1).gold, bulb;（分数：3.33）_(2).deer, beast, animals;（分数：3.33）_(3).fortuitous, fruition.（分数：3.33）_英语词汇学自考题-27 答案解析(总分：89.99，
28、做题时间：90 分钟)一、B(总题数：35，分数：35.00)1.Vocabulary is the most _ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. A. unbalanced B. unstable C. unhinged D. undoubted（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 词的形式和内容总是处于变化之中，是语言中最不稳定的因素。答案为 B。2.Shakespeare is difficult to understand than con
29、temporary writings because many of his words were used in different _ from what they have now in dictionaries. A. senses B. forms C. dialects D. terms（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 题干译文：莎士比亚的作品比当代作品难理解的原因是什么?莎士比亚的作品比今天的文章更难懂得多，因为他使用的词义与今天词典里给出的词义有所不同。答案为 A。3.In Shakespeares well-known Hamlet, rival means “
30、_“ and jump means “just“. A. janitor B. partner C. collector D. observer（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 在莎士比亚的名著哈姆雷特中，rival 作 partner(同伴)讲。答案为 B。4.Among the types of word-meaning changes, _ and narrowing are the most common by far. A. degradation B. transfer C. elevation D. extension（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析
31、Of these word-meaning changes, extension and narrowing are by far the most common. 在词义变化类型中，词义的扩大和词义的缩小是最为常见的。答案为 D。5.Extension of meaning are known as _. A. elevation B. generalization C. transfer D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Extension of meaning is also known as generalization. 词义的扩大也称普遍化
32、。答案为 B。6.Extension refers to the _ of meaning which some words undergo. A. widening B. narrowing C. degrading D. specializing（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。答案为 A。7.L
33、oud colours belongs to _. A. transfer of sensations B. transfer between abstract and concrete meanings C. transfer from objective to subjective D. transfer from subjective to objective（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 In addition, there is transfer of sensations, for example, clear-sounding (from sight to hea
34、ring), loud colours(from hearing to sight). 此外还有一种是感觉的转移，如 clear-hearing(从视觉到听觉的转移)，loud colour(从听觉到视觉的转移)。答案为 A。8.The original meaning of barn is _. A. a place for storing only barley B. a storeroom C. a restroom D. a bathroom（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Barn was once “a place for storing only barley“,
35、but now has extended to mean a “storeroom“. barn原义为“收藏大麦的仓库”，现在词义扩大为“仓库”。答案为 A。9.The original meaning of manuscript is _. A. any authors writing B. handwriting C. any authors works D. a piece of paper（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 The word manuscript, which now means “any authors writing whether written by
36、 hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor.“ but its original meaning was “handwriting“ only. manuscript现义为“手稿”，不论作者是手写还是打印，或者是用文字处理机书写，而其原义为“手迹”。答案为 B。10.The meaning of picture changed by the mode of _. A. extension B. narrowing C. degradation D. elevation（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 The word
37、 picture, which originally denoted mere “painting“, but now has come to include “drawings“ and even “photographs“. picture一词原义为“绘画”，现义为各种画，甚至连照片也包括在内，由此可见是词义扩大了。答案为 A。11.The four major modes of semantic change are _. A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, el
38、evation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation（分数：1.00）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer词义变化有词义的扩大、缩小、升格和转移。答案为 A。12.Extension can be illustr
39、ated by the following example: _. A. butcherone who kills goats B. journalperiodical C. companionone who shares bread D. millplaces for grinding（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 题干译文：词义的扩大可通过下列哪项例子得到证实?词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的词义从表达某一专门意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。选项 A、C 和 D均是词的原义，只有选项 B中的 journal原义为“日志”，词义扩大为 periodical
40、(学报)。答案为 B。13.A legal term “alibi“ signifying “plea that the accused is not at the place when the crime is committed “ now means “excuse“. This change of word-meaning is called _. A. transfer B. narrowing C. extension D. degradation（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Extension of meaning is also found in many t
41、echnical terms, which as the term suggests are confined to specialized use. 许多意义有专指的技术术语中也有词义扩大的现象。比如说，alibi 原义为“不在犯罪现场的抗辨”，现义为“辩解，托辞”。答案为 C。14._ have experienced the extensions of meanings. A. Polysemic words 01 modern English B. Technical terms in the past C. Proper nouns in the past D. All the ab
42、ove（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 词义的扩大也称普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的意义从表达某一专门意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。现代英语中的大多数多义词都是在词义的发展中扩大词义的；许多意义有专指的技术术语中也有词义扩大的现象；由专有名词转化而来的普通名词也经历了同样的语义变化。答案为D。15.When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is _ accordingly. A. related B. narrowed C. created D. suggested（分数：1.00）A.B.
43、 C.D.解析：解析 普通名词转化为专有名词时，词义也随之缩小。答案为 B。16.Narrowing of meaning is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquired a narrower or _ sense. A. typical B. specialized C. general D. particular（分数：1.00）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 Narrowing of meaning, also called specialization, is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense. 词义的缩小是指意义范围较大的词范围缩小或者具体化的过程。答案为 B。17.The original meaning of wife is _. A. a married woman B. a young woman C. woman D. widowed woman（分数：1.00）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 Wi
