1、2007年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Scholars often fail to see that music played an important role in the preservation of African culture in the United States. They correctly note that slavery stripped some cultural elements from Black peopletheir political and eco
2、nomic systemsbut they underestimate the significance of music in sustaining other African cultural values. African music, unlike the music of some other cultures, was based on a total vision of life in which music was not an isolated social domain. In African culture, music was pervasive, serving no
3、t only religion, but all phases of life, including birth, death, work and play. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that community perceives as essential. Music, like art in general, was so inextricably a part of Africa
4、n culture that it became a crucial means of preserving the culture during and after the dislocations of slavery.（分数：8.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.analyze the impact that slavery had on African political and economic systemsB.Review the attempt of recent scholarship to
5、 study the influence of African music on other musicC.Correct the failure of some scholarship to appreciate the significance of music in African cultureD.Survey the ways by which people attempt to preserve their culture against the effects of oppression(2).In para. 1, line 5 the phrase “isolated soc
6、ial domain“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.African music in relation to contemporary culture as a wholeB.Music as it may be perceived in non-African culturesC.Feature of African music that aided in transmitting African cultural valuesD.An aspect of the African cultural legacy(3).Which of the following statem
7、ents concerning the function of African music can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.It preserved cultural values because it was thoroughly integrated into the lives of the people.B.It was more important in the development of African religious life than in other areas of culture.C.It was develo
8、ped in response to the loss of political and economic systems.D.Its pervasiveness in African culture hindered its effectiveness in minimizing the impact of slavery.(4).According to the author, scholars would err in drawing which of the following conclusions? I. Slavery stripped the slaves of their p
9、olitical and economic systems. II. African music was similar to all other traditions of music in that it originated in a total vision of life. III. Music was a crucial part of the African cultural legacy.（分数：2.00）A.I onlyB.II onlyC.I and II onlyD.I, II, and IIIOur task will be simpler if we begin wi
10、th some stories written long before anyone worried very much about cleaning out the rhetorical imparities from the house of fiction. The stories in Boccancio“s Decameron, for example, seem extremely simpleperhaps even simple-minded and ineptif we ask of them the questions which many modern stories i
11、nvite us to ask. It is bad enough that the characters are what we call two-dimensional, with no revealed depths of any kind; what is much worse, the “point of view“ of the narrator shifts among them with a total disregard for the kind of technical focus or consistency generally admired today. But if
12、 we read these stories in their own terms, we soon discover a splendid and complex skill underlying the simplicity of the effect.（分数：8.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to_.（分数：2.00）A.refute a belief about modern stories generally held by peopleB.show that the stories in Decameron are inf
13、erior to modern storiesC.suggest a way to reread pre-modern storiesD.re-interpret Boccaccio“s Decameron(2).In presenting the argument, the author does which of the following?（分数：2.00）A.Make an enumerationB.Present a paradoxC.Make a comparisonD.Give an analogy(3).Which of the following is NOT TRUE ac
14、cording to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The stories in Decameron are full of two-dimensional characters.B.Pre-modern stories such as Decameron do not use any narrative techniques.C.Modern stories try to avoid more than one “point of view“.D.Stories in Decamron depict characters in a superficial way.(4).It
15、 can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.modern stories are generally more interesting than earlier stories because they can reveal the characters in depthsB.telling a story from more than one perspective is considered a rhetorical impurity by modern story writersC.Unlike modern stories, e
16、arlier stories generally do not invite readers to ask “questions of themD.The stories in Decameron are simple-mindedWe all accept that killing is in general wrong, but virtually all of us also recognize certain exceptionthat is, concede that there can be instances in which killing is permissible. In
17、 addition to accepting the obvious permissibility of killing microbes and plants(except then this is objectionable for either instrumental or impersonal reasons)most people believe that it can be permissible in a variety of circumstances to kill animals, and also that it can be permissible to kill o
18、ther human beings in self-defense and in appropriate conditions in war. There are four distinct categories into which we may sort most or all instances of killing for which there may be a reasonable justification. Perhaps the most contentious category consists of cases in which killing would simply
19、promote the greater goodfor example, a case in which killing one person would prevent the killing, or the deaths, or the deaths, of a much greater number of people. The second category consists of cases in which an individual has done something that has lowered the moral barriers to harming him, or
20、compromised his status as inviolable, or made him liable to action that might result in his death. Cases in which killing might be thought to be justified for this sort of reason include killing in self defense, killing in war, and killing as a mode of punishment. The third category of possibly perm
21、issible killing consists of cases in which the metaphysical or moral status of the individual killed is uncertain or controversial. Among those beings whose nature arguably entails a moral status inferior to our own are animals, human embryos and fetuses, newborn infants, congenitally severely retar
22、ded human beings, human beings who have suffered severe brain damage or dementia, and human beings who have been in irreversible coma. These are beings that are in one way or another “at the margins“. The fourth and final category comprises cases in which death would not be harm to an individual but
23、 instead a benefit. In many such cases, the individual for whom death would be a benefit also desires to die and may request to be killed or helped to die. The practical issues that arise under this heading are suicide, assisted suicide and euthanasia.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage states that_.（分数：2.00）
24、A.killing microbes and plants is generally not considered morally wrongB.most people think it alright to assist other people to commit suicideC.killing animals are morally more objectionable than killing plantsD.though killing human beings is immoral, sometimes it is necessary(2).The phrase “at the
25、margins“ in the last line of the fourth paragraph means:_.（分数：2.00）A.in dangerB.morally insignificantC.with an obscure moral statusD.in a helpless condition(3).According to the passage,_.（分数：2.00）A.it is permissible to kill one person if it can prevent the deaths of a much greater number of peopleB.
26、killing in war is not morally wrongC.killing newborn babies might be morally justifiable.D.euthanasia is morally right because it benefits the individual involved(4).Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Fetuses and newborn babies are considered to be morally inferio
27、r to ordinary human beings.B.Killing in self-defense might be permissible because the life of the person who attacks is no longer inviolable.C.Capital punishment is justifiable as a means of punishment.D.It is morally wrong to kill human beings who have been in irreversible coma.(5).Which of the fol
28、lowing serves as the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Why Is Killing ImmoralB.The Morality of KillingC.Justifiable KillingsD.Problems of KillingPicture-taking is a technique both for annexing the objective world and for expressing the singular self. Photographs depict objective realities that a
29、lready exist, though only the camera can disclose them. And they depict an individual photographer“s temperament discovering itself through the camera“s cropping of reality. That is, photography has two antithetical ideals: in the first, photography is about the world and the photographer is a mere
30、observer who counts for little; but in the second, photography is the instrument of intrepid, questing subjectivity and photographer is all. These conflicting ideals arise from a fundamental uneasiness on the part of both photographers and viewers of photographs toward the aggressive component in “t
31、aking“ a picture. Accordingly, the ideal of a photographer as observer is attractive because it implicitly denies that picture-taking is an aggressive act. The issue, of course, is not so clear-cut. What photographers do cannot be characterized as simply predatory or as simply and essentially, benev
32、olent. As a consequence, one ideal of picture-taking or the other is always being rediscovered and championed. An important result of the coexistence of these two ideals is a recurrent ambivalence toward photography“s means. Whatever the claims that photography might make to be a form of personal ex
33、pression on a par with painting, its originality is inextricably linked to be a form of a machine. The steady growth of these powers has made possible the extraordinary in formativeness and imaginative formal beauty of many photographs, like Harold Edgerton“s high-speed photographs of a bullet hitti
34、ng its target or of the swirls and eddies of a tennis stroke. But as cameras become mere sophisticated, more armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results,
35、 to leave more room for creative accident. For example, it has been virtually a point of honor for many photographers, including Walker Evans and Cartiec-Bresson, to refuse to use modem equipment. These photographers have come to doubt the value of the camera as an instrument of “fast seeing“. Carti
36、ec-Bresson, in fact, claims that the modern camera may see too fast. This ambivalence toward photographic means determines trends in taste. The cult of the future(of faster and faster seeing)alternates over time with the wish to return to a purer pastwhen images had a handmade quality. This nostalgi
37、a for some pristine state of the photographic enterprise is currently wide-spread and underlies the present-dry enthusiasm for daguerreotypes and the work of forgotten nineteenth-century provincial photographers. Photographers and viewers of photographs, it seems, need periodically to resist their o
38、wn knowingness.（分数：14.00）(1).According to the passage, interest among photographers in each of photography“s two ideals can be described as_.（分数：2.00）A.rapidly changingB.cyclically recurringC.steadily growingD.unrelated to change in technology(2).The author is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.es
39、tablishing new technical standards for contemporary photographyB.analyzing the influence of photographic ideals on picture-takingC.tracing the development of camera technology in the twentieth centuryD.describing how photographers“ individual temperaments are reflected in their work(3).The passage s
40、tates all of the following about photographs EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.they can convey informationB.they can depict the photographer“s temperamentC.they can posses great formal beautyD.they can change the viewers sensibilities(4).The author mentions the work of Harold Edgerton in order to provide an exampl
41、e of_.（分数：2.00）A.how a controlled ambivalence toward photography“s means can produce outstanding picturesB.How the content of photographs has changed from the nineteenth century to the twentiethC.The popularity of high-speed photography in the twentieth centuryD.The relationship between photographic
42、 originality and technology(5).The passage suggests that photographers such as Walker Evans prefer old-fashioned techniques and equipment because these photographers_.（分数：2.00）A.dislike the dependence of photographic effectiveness on the powers of a machineB.strive for intense formal beauty in their
43、 photographsC.like the discipline that comes from self-imposed limitationD.need to feel armed by technology(6).According to the passage, the two antithetical ideals of photography differ primarily in the_.（分数：2.00）A.value that each pieces on the beauty of the finished productB.degree of technical kn
44、owledge that each requires of the photographerC.extent of the power that each requires of the photographers“ equipmentD.way in which each defines the role of the photographer(7).Which of the following statements would be most likely to begin the paragraph immediately following the passage?（分数：2.00）A
45、.Photographers, as a result of their heightened awareness of time, are constantly trying to capture events and actions that are fleetingB.Thus the cult of the future, worship of machines and speed, is firmly established in spite of efforts to the contrary by some photographers.C.The rejection of tec
46、hnical knowledge, however, can never be complete and photography cannot for any length of.time pretend that it has no weapons.D.The point of honor involved in rejecting complex equipment is, however, of no significance to the viewer of a photograph.二、句子改错(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Correct the mistakes in the f
47、ollowing sentences. Underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets.(10%)（分数：20.00）(1).Virginia Hamilton who has won consistent praise for her novels about Black children.（分数：2.00）_(2).When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus.（分数：2.00）_(3).Not wo
48、man held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, when Frances Perkins became Secretary of Labor.（分数：2.00）_(4).Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches over thirty feet in length.（分数：2.00）_(5).Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.（分数：2.00）_(6).Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the g
