1、2007 年四川外语学院英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：182.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Jurgen Habermas represents the second wave of Critical Theory. He was not a 1of the other members of the Frankfurt school. However, he is included in the school of thought because his work continues the critique that the ot
2、hers began.(contemporary)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Where Marx supposed the move to be linear(one step at a time in a straight line), and deterministic,(with a known end), Habermas said it was 1.(predict)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.According to Habermas the move from Capitalism to Communism(if it occurs)will 1as a res
3、ult of reason and communicative action.(occur)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.It was not a house, not even a squatters hut. He thought everybody lived far too elaborately, expensively, anxiously. What 1 is a house? No one needs privacy: natural acts are not shameful.(good)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.Phenomenology emphasize
4、s the subjective experience of the individual. It assumes that “existence precedes essence“, where 1is subjective experience and essence is human nature,(exist)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.The existentialists focused on the 1experience of he individual, especially feelings of dread and anxiety in the face of o
5、nes inherent aloneness and limitationthe ultimate limitation being death,(subject)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Due to his intense concern with the individual, it also may be incorrect to label Rogers a humanist. Some would say that 1emphasizes the importance of pro-social behavior, not actualization of oneself
6、, and it is not clear that these two things are one and the same.(humanism)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.The global trade environment is much 1 for their countries now than during the Asian crisis of four years ago.(tough)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9.Hume concludes with an almost equally skeptical assessment 1our notions
7、of space and time.(regarding).（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.Lord Justice Kay said: “This resulted from the failure of the pathologist to 1with other doctors investigating the cause of death information that a competent pathologist ought to have appreciated needed to be assessed before any conclusion was reache
8、d.“(share)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.The universities have 1the intellectual pioneers of our civilizationthe priests, the lawyers, the statesmen, the doctors, the men of science and the men of letters.(train)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.In he natural world, a sustained pattern of balance or steady-state is characteri
9、stic of all healthy and 1ecosystem.(endure)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Mrs. Clark, the daughter of a senior police officer, was 1at Chester Crown Court in November 1999 of smothering her son Christopher in December 1996, when he was 11 weeks old, and Harry, who was eight weeks old, in January 1998.(convict)（
10、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Mrs. Clark, 1in a black woolen cardigan and dark grey trousers, appealed for privacy so that she could rebuild her and her familys lives.(dress)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Most of the problems in physics cant be solved exactly in closed form. Therefore we have to learn technology for making
11、 clever 1, such as power series expansions, saddle pint integration, and small(or large)perturbations.(approximate)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.He is being investigated by the General Medical Council after it emerged that he 1to reveal to the defense the results of tests which showed the childs spinal fluid w
12、as infected with high levels of the staphylococcus aureus bacteria.(failure)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.For better or 1, religion is the only human endeavor that successfully provides us with an all-encompassing model of the pattern which connects our individual lives to the complex regularities of this worl
13、d, and by extension of the cosmos.(bad)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.If such figures are sustained in more detailed polling, Mr. Bush will have 1in reversing sliding domestic support for war with Iraq.(success)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.Analytic geometry is the 1of algebra with geometry. Geometric objects such as coni
14、c sections, planes and spheres are studied by the means of algebraic equations. Vectors in Cartesian, polar and spherical coordinates are introduced.(marry)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.By contrast, the good ideas are 1from the faculty of the understandingor reasonand roughly involve either mathematical demons
15、tration or factual predictions.(derive)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、阅读理解(总题数：18，分数：142.00)He is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know relatively little about his mathematical achievements. Unlike many later Greek mathe
16、maticians, where at least we have some of the books which they wrote, we have nothing of his writings.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).Who of the following figures do you think is being described?（分数：2.00）A.Pythagoras.B.Plato.C.Aristotle.D.Heraclitus.(2).From this you can infer that the most relevant answer t
17、o the topic is_.（分数：2.00）A.a lot has been written about himB.little has been written about himC.he wrote nothingD.he might have written somethingOur words are amalgams of some sound and meaning, and put in some order to express our feelings, thoughts, information, beliefs and so on, for different pu
18、rposes in life. We also understand others by interpreting their words, which may involve certain background knowledge, perspectives, and affected by many factors, which he thinks are not amenable to scientific studies.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).The word amalgam can be understood as_.（分数：2.00）A.combinati
19、onB.disassociationC.illusionD.disillusion(2).From this you can infer that language use can be approached scientifically_.（分数：2.00）A.very easilyB.not very easilyC.without any possibilityD.in some conditionsGod, having designed man for a sociable creature, made him not only with an inclination, and un
20、der a necessity to have fellowship with those of his own kind, but furnished him also with language, which was to be the great instrument and common tie of society. Man, therefore, had by nature his organs so fashioned, as to be fit to frame articulate sounds, which we call words. But this was not e
21、nough to produce language; for parrots, and several other birds, will be taught to make articulate sounds distance enough, which yet by no means are capable of language.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).The word articulate can be understood as_.（分数：2.00）A.discreteB.fuzzyC.easy to understandD.difficult to under
22、stand(2).From this you can infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.language is totally evolvedB.language is a natural endowmentC.animal and human languages are the sameD.parrots can speak a human languageBesides these names which stand for ideas, there be other words which men make use of, not to signify any idea, b
23、ut the want or absence of some ideas, simple or complex, or all ideas together; such as are Nihil in Latin, and in English, ignorance and barrenness. All which negative or privative words cannot be said properly to belong to, or signify no ideas: for then they would be perfectly insignificant sounds
24、; but they relate to positive ideas, and signify their absence.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).The word Nihil may mean_.（分数：2.00）A.nothingB.somethingC.ignoranceD.negligence(2).From this passage you can infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.all words stand for ideasB.some words stand for the absence of someC.names are not w
25、ordsD.words are insignificantMrs. Clark, dressed in a black woolen cardigan and dark grey trousers, appealed for privacy so that she could rebuild her and her familys lives. “Being separated from my husband for so long has been a living hell,“ she said. “Being deprived of more than three years of be
26、ing a mum to our little boy has been even worse. And yet somehow, despite our separation and against all the odds, we have managed to remain a family and stay close. My little boy knows that he has a mummy and daddy who love him very much, and thats what counts.“Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).According to t
27、he passage, Mrs. Clarks family life has been_.（分数：2.00）A.adversely affectedB.damagedC.maintained without any problemD.robbed(2).From this passage you can infer that Mrs. Clark has been_.（分数：2.00）A.divorcedB.engagedC.imprisonedD.disdainedThe most puzzling and intriguing moving things visible to human
28、s have always been the Sun, the Moon, the planets and the stars we can see in the night sky. Newtons new calculus, combined with his “Laws of Motion“, made a mathematical model for the force of gravity that not only described the observed motions of planets and stars in the night sky, but also of sw
29、inging weights and flying cannonballs in England.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, Newton_.（分数：2.00）A.invented calculusB.renovated calculusC.plagiarized calculusD.harrowed calculus(2).From this passage you can infer that before Newton_.（分数：2.00）A.algebra and. geometry only describe th
30、ings that are sitting stillB.algebra and geometry only describe moving thingsC.algebra and geometry describe not only moving objects but also still objectsD.algebra and geometry describe swinging weights and flying cannonballsThe greatest part of words are general terms. All things that exist being
31、particulars, it may perhaps be thought reasonable that words, which ought to be conformed to things, should be so too, I mean in their signification, but yet we find quite the contrary. The far greatest part of words that make all languages are general terms which has not been the effect of neglect
32、or chance, but of reason and necessity.Questions:（分数：4.00）(1).According to the passage, human language is rich with_.（分数：2.00）A.particular wordsB.polysemous wordsC.monosemous wordsD.general terms(2).From this passage you can infer that general terms exist_.（分数：2.00）A.out of necessityB.out of reasonC
33、.both A and BD.out of neglectToday the functions of theory and observation are divided into two distinct communities in physics. Both experiments and theories are much more complex than back in Newtons time. Theorists are exploring areas of Nature in mathematics that technology so far does not allow
34、 us to observe in experiments. Many of the theoretical physicists who are alive today may not live to see how the real Nature compares with the mathematical description in their work. Todays theorists have to learn to live with ambiguity and uncertainty in their mission to describe Nature using math
35、.Questions:（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, todays experiments and theories in physics are_.（分数：2.00）A.less certain than beforeB.more certain than beforeC.ascertain as beforeD.less complex than before(2).From this passage you can infer that mathematics_.（分数：2.00）A.is powerful all the timeB.may
36、 be helpless sometimesC.is a useful tool of descriptionD.needs not be developed(3).From this passage you can infer that technology._.（分数：2.00）A.is no longer usefulB.has a limited role to playC.is more and more importantD.is not science(4).“real Nature“ could be best understood as_.（分数：2.00）A.the nat
37、ural environmentB.things as they used to beC.nature in contrast to cultureD.things as they areThe shift from the second industrial wave towards the information age has a critical implication: nations have to make a break from existing regulations and adopt a new regulatory environment allowing full
38、competition and decentralized initiatives. The task ahead is vast and delicate, but the objective is not to start from scratch again and build a completely new regulatory framework. Fortunately for the regulator, most of the existing regulations remain relevant.Questions:（分数：6.00）(1).According to th
39、e passage, todays business environment calls for_.（分数：2.00）A.new regulationsB.more powerful government administrationC.more subsidiesD.more protectionism(2).From this passage you can infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.a completely new regulatory framework needs to be builtB.a completely new regulatory framework
40、 needs not to be builtC.new regulations are easy to be madeD.nothing needs to be changed(3).“start from scratch“ could best be understood as_.（分数：2.00）A.a completely new thingB.scratch because of itchingC.begin to fightD.from start to endVoluntary agreements by the private actors commit only to the
41、objective but remain free to choose any means. This method is more and more often used in the United States. It meets the American “institutional idea“ namely it limits the role of government as much as possible, and is conceptually backed by simple argumentation: only business is flexible enough to
42、 adapt to a rapidly evolving, unpredictable environment. For this reason, business is ready to take responsibility, in order to avoid binding regulations; government regards business as being capable of more flexibility and efficiency; and the American public doesnt find anything unusual in such a d
43、eal.Questions:（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage,_.（分数：2.00）A.private actors are constrained with means set up by the governmentB.government has more and more authorityC.business has more autonomyD.government is not efficient(2).From this passage you can infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.the United States i
44、s a decentralized countryB.the United States is a free market economy countryC.the United States is a centralized countryD.the United States is a capitalist country(3).From this passage you can infer that_.（分数：2.00）A.American citizens feel happy with the governmentB.American citizens feel unhappy wi
45、th the governmentC.the American government leaves too much freedom to its citizensD.the American government leaves no freedom to its citizens,(4).“voluntary“ could best be understood as_.（分数：2.00）A.revolutionaryB.evolutionaryC.unwillingD.willingU. S. Ambassador to the United Nations, John Bolton, ha
46、s resigned. Analysts say Bolton was unable to satisfy Senate opponents, who were concerned he would pursue a unilateral U. S. foreign policy. And his post became even more tenuous after Democrats took control of Congress in November elections. Bolton had a history of angering diplomats and colleague
47、s in his previous State Department job. And he could not gain sufficient support from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to stay on. He is to leave the U. N. post when the current session of the U. S. Congress ends, possible at the end of the week. Bush appointed Bolton in August 2005 to reform the world body. But Bolton is leaving at a time when U. S. foreign policy is fraught with global challenges.Questions:（分数：6.00）(1).Why has John Bolton resigned?（分数：2.00）_(2).Why did Bush appoint Bolton as Ambassador to the United Nations?（分数：2.00）_
