1、2010 年中山大学二外英语考研真题试卷及答案解析(总分：128.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own【C1】_the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent【C2】_of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was【C3】_, or by whom. But it began to be【C4】_in the early 1900s.
2、Jazz is America s contribution to【C5】_music. In contrast to classical music, which【C6】_formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous nod free-form. It bubbles with energy, 【C7】_the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s, jazz【C8】_like America. And【C9】_it does today. The【C10】_of
3、 this music are as interesting as the music【C11】_. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz【C12】_They were brought to the Southern states【C13】_slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long【C14】_When a Negro died his friends and relatives【C15】_a proce
4、ssion to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the【C16】_. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 【C17】_on the way home the mood changed. Spirits fired. Death had removed one of their【C18】_, but the living were glad to
5、be alive. The band played【C19】_music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the times【C20】_at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.AtB.InC.ByD.On(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.musicB.songC.melodyD.style(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.disco
6、veredB.inventedC.designedD.acted(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heard(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.classicalB.sacredC.lightD.popular(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.formsB.followsC.approachedD.introduces(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.expressingB.explainingC.exposingD.illustrating(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.appearedB.feltC.soundedD.
7、seemed(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.soB.asC.eitherD.neither(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.originalsB.originsC.discoveriesD.resources(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.playersB.followersC.pioneersD.fans(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.forB.byC.withD.as(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.hoursB.weeksC.mon
8、thsD.times(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.formedB.composedC.demonstratedD.hosted(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.demonstrationB.processionC.bodyD.march(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.EvenB.ThereforeC.ButD.Furthermore(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.numbersB.membersC.bodiesD.relations(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.sadB.solemnC.funeralD.happy(20).【C20】（分数：
9、2.00）A.whistledB.sungC.showedD.presented1.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Punishment depends as much on politics as it does on crime; crime rates have been stable in recent years but there has been a striking i
10、ncrease in the prison population. And because populism is coming so much to dominate the political agendas, politicians are advocating sharp increase in penalties to take advantage of public unease. The question is how far this will get. In the 21th century weak governments might try to win legitima
11、cy by being especially tough on crime. That could mean high prison populations and draconian(严峻的)punishments such as those adopted in the United States in recent years. Luckily, there remain significant differences between the UK and the USA; social divisions are less extreme and racial tensions are
12、 not as high. Although there is a great deal of minor violent crime here, rates of murderwhich particularly fuel public anxietiesare much lower because guns have not been so widely dispersed. It s unlikely that this will change greatly; the trend to tighten up the gun laws in Britain will continue,
13、and all but the toughest criminals will still have a view about what is and what isnt “acceptable“ violence. So I don t believe we will see a huge rise in violent crime, but I expect rates of property crime and crimes of opportunity to remain high. There will also be much more electronic fraud becau
14、se it s so hard to detect and prevent. This is an important problem for business, but not one that arouses much popular agitation. It s unlikely well see the return of death penalty; the police are skeptical about its effectiveness and its introduction would be highly problematic given the recent Co
15、uncil of Europe protocol outlawing its use. Capital punishment remains a pretty accurate temperature gauge, though: whenever there is significant political pressure for the death penalty, it s a sign of harsher attitudes towards crime generally. As prison populations continue to rise, we will certai
16、nly see alternatives to prison such as electronic tagging increase. But I don t generally envisage any sudden shift towards reduced sanction; net levels of punishment could well continue to increase somewhat. Overall, I expect to see some growth in the population of prisons, mainly independent onesa
17、nd a massive increase in private policing and other law enforcement.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, the recent drastic increase in prison populations probably results from the following factors except_.（分数：2.00）A.the rising occurrences of crimeB.the harsher punishments taken by governmentsC.
18、the popularity of weak governmentsD.the worries about crime among citizens(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.social divisions and racial tensions are not serious in the UKB.minor violence in the UK does not arouse public anxietiesC.the gun control is crucial to lower rates of m
19、urderD.people no longer differentiate what is and what isn t acceptable crime(3).What is the trend predicted by the passage regarding the rate of crime in the UK?（分数：2.00）A.The rate of violent crime will keep leveling off.B.More electronic fraud cases will disturb the general public.C.There will be
20、a slight upward trend in electronic fraud.D.The occurrence of property crimes won t turn downward.(4).Which of the following statements about death penalty is false?（分数：2.00）A.Death penalty has been ceased in the UK.B.Death penalty is regard as illegal by the Council of Europe protocol.C.Death penal
21、ty is now generally regarded ineffective.D.The opinion on death penalty can reflect public altitude.(5).To tackle rising prison populations, feasible measures may include_.（分数：2.00）A.introducing less severe punishmentsB.increasing the number of independent prisonsC.substituting electronic tagging fo
22、r traditional prisonsD.restoring the capital punishmentNot long ago, chief executive officers(CEOS)were landed as heroes, leaders of the brave new economy. Bill Gates and Jack Welch were the two most celebrated American CEOs, hailed as geniuses, superstars and revolutionaries. But since Eaton and ot
23、her scandals, Americans don t need much convincing when it comes to mistrusting business leaders. A recent poll in Investor s Business Daily found that only eight percent of Americans have high confidence in the honesty and integrity of corporate CEOs, and only four percent hold CEOs in high esteem.
24、 In today s CEO-bashing environment, executives actions ate more scrutinized and regulated than ever before. In the USA, congress has passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which among other things, requires CEOs to personally certify to the accuracy of the company s accounts. In Britain, investment banker
25、Derek Higgs has proposed a new code of corporate governance, spelling out new responsibilities and liabilities for executives and boards of directors. Fortune has praised the new breed of CEO: the latest crop pf CEOs is disciplined, deferential, even a bit dull. Less self-reliant, today s CEOs turn
26、to counselors to help rehab behavior to become self-aware, ever-improving and the opposite of the Eronesque narcissist. The opportunity to run a major company used to be an executive s highest aspiration. Now more than half of senior executives surveyed said they would turn down the CEO position. It
27、 happens that most CEOs have decided to lie low, hoping that the storm will pass. The Business Roundtable, an association of CEOs, has been relatively quiet of late; as Fortune reported, during key debates the organization chose to work behind the scenes - and mostly to water down reforms . Some mig
28、ht feel little affinity with CEOstheir roles are not, after all, altruistic(利他的)or public-serving ones. But in slamming CEOs, critics often knock values worth defending in everyone like leadership, individual achievement and ambition. Even the pursuit of self-interest and simply wanting more can be
29、progressive. On the other hand, caution and modesty have their place, but they are not likely to produce innovative technology, build great cities or fight disease. Geniuses, superstars, revolutionarieswe could do with some.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, that a great majority of American do
30、n t put trust in CEOs is the outcome of_.（分数：2.00）A.the CEOs former fame as heroesB.Enron and other scandalsC.individual CEO s lack of honestyD.Current CEO-blaming atmosphere(2).It can be inferred from the passage that_.（分数：2.00）A.CEOs actions used to under no supervisionB.CEOs were once highly ador
31、edC.CEOs now take more personal responsibilitiesD.CEOs still enjoy appealing pubic attention(3).The new-generation CEOs show the following qualities except_.（分数：2.00）A.strong self-controlB.willingness to improveC.high self-admirationD.less self-dependent(4).Which of the following statements is true?
32、（分数：2.00）A.The new-generation CEOs have regained praise from the public.B.Presently no one expects to hold the CEO position.C.The Business Roundtable now stops carrying out any reform.D.Most CEOs are now biding their time for a return.(5).The author believes that_.（分数：2.00）A.critics bash on CEOs is
33、totally reasonableB.leadership, individual achievement and ambition are positive personal valuesC.caution and modesty should not be advocated for they are not productiveD.the world can revolve without geniuses, superstars and revolutionariesJapan s mass culture has long prevailed in East Asia. Japan
34、ese comics are ubiquitous(无处不在的)on newsstands in Malaysia and Hong Kong, where half of all those sold are from Japan. Stores in remote areas of the Philippines stock snacks made by Tokyo s companies. And anyone can dial for sushi delivery in Singapore or sing in Karaoke bars in distant Inner Mongoli
35、a. With the Japanese cartoon craze now lapping at American and European shores, it is time to ask; why is Japan s pop culture, especially its comics and cartoon characters, so appealing to Asians and, now, the world? “ It s because they re high quality, that s all,“ some people say. True, Japan has
36、few peers in making stylishly produced comic books and animation. But Toei and other animation companies have also built a massive promotion machine to marry that quality with market clout. Comic heroes in the 1950s became animated TV star stars in the 1960s. Soon after, media, comics, animation, pu
37、blishing, toy and clothing companies joined forces to turn characters into commercial smashed. Characters do not have to begin on stands or the small screenall they need is a canny promoter. The well-known cat Hello Kitty was created by merchandiser Sanrio as a logo for children s goods. In fact, th
38、e line between a cartoon and its commercial application has become more and more invisible. Perhaps what most entrances fans of all ages and from all regions about Japanese cartoons is their adolescent exuberance, their unique glorification of the dreams and imagery of youth. The most popular series
39、, such as Sailor moon and Doraemon, have children or teenagers as central characters. The world of these shows is painted in bubble-gum colors, while love and relationships take on the unserious character of teenage crushes. Futuristic set and situations contribute to suffused sense of innocent wond
40、er. And Japan s fascination with childlike things could be a reflection of the “ infantilism of postwar Japanese culture“ , as an analyst put it. He suggests that the trauma of the postwar period may have encouraged Japanese to look at childhood with fondness. For youth it implies an evasion of resp
41、onsibility , a major issue for a society still struggling with its vicious role in World War II. It is an interesting psychological view. But there s still another more convincing and important reason. In a society with strict structures and high expectations, fantasies flourish. Children who spend
42、long, stressful hours preparing for all, important school examinations take refuge in cheerfully fantastic characters and animations. That, coupled with the spending power of Japan s younga typical 10-year-old may have $ 1000 in the bank from doting relativescan explain the replete pre-adolescent or
43、ientation of Japan s pop culture. Due to the worries about overwhelming exterior cultural aggression, some Asian governments have taken some measures to supervise or limit Japanese products. But the tide is unlikely to turn. Their attraction is too widespread and Japanese companies too market-savvy.
44、 Toei has started a marketing campaign in four cities in China. Even if only 10% of the population in this country gets hooked on its products, Toei will make a market the size of Japan.（分数：10.00）(1).The passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the prevailing Japanese mass culture in East AsiaB.populariz
45、ing elements in Japan s pop cultureC.the infantilism of postwar Japanese cultureD.Asian governments measures against cultural aggression(2).The massive promotion machine of animation companies is built to_.（分数：2.00）A.make stylishly produced comic books and animationsB.develop comic and cartoon chara
46、cters into commercial hitC.explore new cartoon characters somewhere else besides stands or screensD.search for more peers in American and European markets(3).Japanese cartoons attract a big audience varied in age and culture because of_.（分数：2.00）A.the dreamy combination of youth vitality and innocen
47、ceB.the innocent heroes and heroines of children or teenagersC.the theme of human love and relationshipD.settings and situations characteristic of innocence and wonder(4).In Paragraph 6, “infantilism of postwar Japanese culture“ according to an analyst reflects the reality that_.（分数：2.00）A.Japanese
48、youth refuse to be grown-ups with responsibilityB.Japanese society as s whole feels guilty of its role during WWIIC.Japanese attempt to rid themselves of the postwar emotional shockD.psychological health is now a serious issue facing Japan(5).Which of the following statements is not true?（分数：2.00）A.Despite the burden of study, Japanese children are addicted to cartoons.B.The target consumers of Japan s pop culture are children or teenagers.C.Japan s pre-adolescents are capable of consuming the pop culture.D.Japanese society is one with high demands for success.How good are grades as metho
