1、2011年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/, beneath/bi“ni:/corpora（分数：2.00）_2.sociologist（分数：2.00）_3.chef（分数：2.00）_4.debris（分数：2.00）_5.nasal（分数：2.00）_6.em
2、bedding（分数：2.00）_7.antonymy（分数：2.00）_8.facial（分数：2.00）_9.annotated（分数：2.00）_10.phonetics（分数：2.00）_二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is 1, rather than speculative or intuitive; it operates with publicly variable date obtained by means of observ
3、ation or experiment.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1 changes. That is, the same word may have different g
4、rammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.In their book 1 written in 1923,C. K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a “ representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. “ There are 16 major categories of them, wit
5、h sub-categories all together, numbering 22.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called 1, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Charles Darwin, the founder of Evolution Theory, was one of
6、 the first keeping the diary of his son“s 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.And the Firthian tradition in this respect was further developed by the founder of systemic-functional linguistics, M.A.K. Halliday, whose contributions to sociolinguistics could be better seen from his understanding of language from a s
7、ocially 1 or interactional perspective, his functional interpretation of grammar as a resource for meaning potential, and his linguistic model in the study of literature.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.For some reasons, much of the research on writing has concentrated on the preparation and revision processes ra
8、ther than on the sentence generation and lexical access processes that have been the focus of 1language production.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.As Carter and Simpson(1989)observed that “if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylis
9、tics. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.As a compromise between the “purely form-focused approaches“ and the “purely meaning-focused“ approaches, a recent movement called 1 seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.While Firth inherited the tradition by taki
10、ng up some of 1“s and Malinowski“s views, he developed their theories and put forward his own original points of view.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Mood is made up of two parts: the “Subject“ and the “ 1“ element.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.In spite of the dominant influences of Transformational Generative Grammar in t
11、he American linguistic scholarship, it has been challenged by a number of rebels, among whom, are Fillmore with his 1and other with Generative Semantics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24.The idea of 1was first developed by Roman Jacobson(1896 - 1982)in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonological cont
12、rasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.Tone refers to the pitch on a syllable of a word. When pitch is related to a sentence, it is called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Logical subject（分数：2.00）_27.Sentence（分数：2.00）_28.Performatives（分数：2
13、.00）_29.Orientational metaphor（分数：2.00）_30.SPEAKING（分数：2.00）_31.Free indirect thought（分数：2.00）_32.Blog（分数：2.00）_33.Applied linguistics（分数：2.00）_34.Mental processes（分数：2.00）_35.Error analysis（分数：2.00）_四、举例说明题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)36.Phoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound and morpheme is the smalle
14、st meaningful unit in grammar.（分数：2.00）_37.In Chinese tone changes are used in the way that affects the meanings of individual words.（分数：2.00）_38.Endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i. e. , a word or a group of wor
15、ds, which serve as a definable centre or head.（分数：2.00）_五、简答题(总题数：3，分数：6.00)39.What are the similarities and differences between a phrase and a clause?（分数：2.00）_40.What are the characteristics of Grice“s “conversational implicature“ ?（分数：2.00）_41.What does Halliday“s Systemic Grammar aim to do?（分数：2
16、.00）_2011年中山大学英语专业（语言学）真题试卷答案解析(总分：82.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、音标题(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Transcribe the following words into IPA symbols, with stress marking where necessary.(10 points)Example: find/faind/, beneath/bi“ni:/corpora（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：corpora-/ )解析：2.sociologist（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：sociologist-/ )
17、解析：3.chef（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：chef-/ef/)解析：4.debris（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：debris-/“deibri:/)解析：5.nasal（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：nasal-/“neizl/)解析：6.embedding（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：embedding-/im“bedi )解析：7.antonymy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：antonymy-/ )解析：8.facial（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：facial-/ )解析：9.annotated（分数：2.0
18、0）_正确答案：(正确答案：annotated-/ )解析：10.phonetics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：phonetics-/ )解析：二、填空题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)11.Lyons predicted in the seventies by pointing out that linguistics is 1, rather than speculative or intuitive; it operates with publicly variable date obtained by means of observation or experiment
19、.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：empirical）解析：解析：(考查对语言学的了解)莱昂斯在 70年代就指出语言学是经验的，而不是猜想的或直觉的：它的操作是依靠由观察和实验得来的数据进行的。12.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear some phonetic resemblance.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：allophones）解析：解析：(考查音位变体)发音近似性是指一个音素的音位变体在语音上必须有一定的相似性。13.Words can be clas
20、sified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1 changes. That is, the same word may have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：inflective）解析：解析：(考查可变化词)词可以分为可变化词和不可变化词，可变化词可以进行屈折变化，也就是说同一个词可以变化
21、成不同的语法形式，但其中的一部分保持不变。14.In their book 1 written in 1923,C. K. Ogden and I.A. Richards presented a “ representative list of the main definitions which reputable students of meaning have favoured. “ There are 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_
22、（正确答案：正确答案：The Meaning of Meaning）解析：解析：(考查意义)奥格登和理查兹在 1923年出版的意义的意义一书中罗列了 16大类“著名意义研究者提出的有代表性的主要定义”，加上次类则共有 22种。15.Hyponymy is a matter of class membership. The upper term in this sense relation, i. e. the class name, is called 1, and the lower terms, the members, Hyponyms.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确
23、答案：Superordinate）解析：解析：(考查上下义关系)上下义关系是一种类和成员之间的关系。位于这种意义关系上位的词语，即类名，叫做上坐标词；居于下位的是成员，叫做下义词。16.Charles Darwin, the founder of Evolution Theory, was one of the first keeping the diary of his son“s 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：speech development）解析：解析：(考查对达尔文的了解)进化论的创始人查尔斯-达尔文是第一个对其儿子的言语发展做日记记录的人。17.An
24、d the Firthian tradition in this respect was further developed by the founder of systemic-functional linguistics, M.A.K. Halliday, whose contributions to sociolinguistics could be better seen from his understanding of language from a socially 1 or interactional perspective, his functional interpreta
25、tion of grammar as a resource for meaning potential, and his linguistic model in the study of literature.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：semiotic）解析：解析：(考查韩礼德对语言学的贡献)伦敦学派由于韩礼德在符号学、系统功能语言学以及社会语言学方面的杰出贡献而得到了进一步的发扬光大。在符号学方面，他提供了一种社会符号学或交互学的新视角。在语法研究中，他强调功能语法观，认为语法体系是一个体现意义潜势的选择系统。他所构建的语言学分析模式，在文学作品的研究中，也得到
26、了广泛的应用。18.For some reasons, much of the research on writing has concentrated on the preparation and revision processes rather than on the sentence generation and lexical access processes that have been the focus of 1language production.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：spoken）解析：解析：(考查书面语和口头语)由于某些原因，大多数对书
27、面语写作的研究常常关注的是计划过程和修改过程，而对口头语的研究则以句子生成和词汇提取为研究焦点。19.As Carter and Simpson(1989)observed that “if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylistics, the 1970s a decade of functionalism, and the 1980s a decade of 1stylistics. “（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：discourse）解析：解析：(考查对语言学发展阶段的特征的了解)卡特和辛普森认为“如果 20
28、世纪 60年代是形式主义文体学的十年，20 世纪 70年代是功能主义文体学的十年，那么 20世纪 80年代则是语篇文体学的十年”。20.As a compromise between the “purely form-focused approaches“ and the “purely meaning-focused“ approaches, a recent movement called 1 seems to take a more balanced view on the role of grammar in language learning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确
29、答案：正确答案：focus on form）解析：解析：(考查关注语言形式)作为“完全以语言形式为中心”和“完全以语言意义为中心”的折中途径，近年来出现的“关注语言形式”对语言学习中语法的作用采取了一种折中的态度。21.While Firth inherited the tradition by taking up some of 1“s and Malinowski“s views, he developed their theories and put forward his own original points of view.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：S
30、aussure）解析：解析：(考查弗斯对语言学的贡献)弗斯通过吸收索绪尔和马林诺夫斯基的某些观点而继承了他们的传统，同时又发展了他们的理论并提出了自己独到的见解。22.Mood is made up of two parts: the “Subject“ and the “ 1“ element.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Finite）解析：解析：(考查语气的组成部分)语气由两部分组成：主语和限定成分。23.In spite of the dominant influences of Transformational Generative Grammar in t
31、he American linguistic scholarship, it has been challenged by a number of rebels, among whom, are Fillmore with his 1and other with Generative Semantics.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Case Grammar）解析：解析：(考查转换生成语法)无论转换生成语法对美国语言学研究的成就有着多么强大的影响，它仍然遇到诸多挑战，其中就有菲尔莫尔的格语法和其他学者的生成语义学。24.The idea of 1was first d
32、eveloped by Roman Jacobson(1896 - 1982)in the 1940s as a means of working out a set of phonological contrasts or oppositions to capture particular aspects of language sounds.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：distinctive features）解析：解析：(考查区别性特征)区别性特征首先由雅克布逊于 20世纪 40年代提出，目的是找出一套音系的对照或对比特征，以概括语音的某些方面。25.Tone
33、 refers to the pitch on a syllable of a word. When pitch is related to a sentence, it is called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：intonation）解析：解析：(考查语调)声调指的是单词音节上的音高。当音高与句子相联系时，那它就被叫做语调。三、名词解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)26.Logical subject（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Logical subject refers to the core subject, which is ob
34、ject of a preposition in a passive voice. It is called the logical subject because semantically the core subject still does what a subject normally does: it performs an action.)解析：解析：(考查逻辑主语的定义)27.Sentence（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：A sentence is an expression in natural language, and is often defined to i
35、ndicate a grammatical unit consisting of one or more words that generally bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement, question, exclamation, request, command or suggestion.)解析：解析：(考查句子的定义)28.Perform
36、atives（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：When the sentences do not describe things, and cannot be said to be true or false, and the uttering of these sentences is, or is a part of, the doing of an action, they are called performatives; the verbs are called performative verbs, such as name, bet, promise.)解析：解析：(考查施为句的定义)29.Orientational metaphor（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Orientational meta
