1、2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.Wi-Fi（分数：2.00）_3.ISO（分数：2.00）_4.DNA（分数：2.00）_5.IMF（分数：2.00）_6.nitrogen oxide（分数：2.00）_7.autoalarm（分数：2.00）_8.biological agent（分数：2.00）_9.Charles Darwin（分数：2.00）_10.multistage rocket（分数：2.00）_11.radio navigational instrumen
2、ts（分数：2.00）_12.probability theory（分数：2.00）_13.geoastrophysics（分数：2.00）_14.neon（分数：2.00）_15.semiconductor（分数：2.00）_municative translation（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.矿物燃料（分数：2.00）_19.载人飞船（分数：2.00）_20.人工智能（分数：2.00）_21.信息类文本（分数：2.00）_22.电化学（分数：2.00）_千瓦_24.功能对等（分数：2.00）_25.工程制图（分数：2.00）_26.改写本（分数：2.00）_克隆_28.机辅翻
3、译（分数：2.00）_29.博客搜索（分数：2.00）_30.字面翻译（分数：2.00）_31.天宫 1号太空舱（分数：2.00）_32.同声传译（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_34.One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sample
4、d in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In indus
5、trial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars
6、 become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries
7、, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each yearequivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per dayand in
8、jure many times more. Key Wordslog v. 把记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过 jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机（分数：2.00）_35.Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promiseand a subject of debategenetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we
9、live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and who is eating them? What do we know about their benefitsand their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earth“s burge
10、oning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech plants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scaleon 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farm
11、land, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops jumped nearly 25-fold from 3. 6 million acres in 1996 to 88. 2 million acres in 2001. More than 50 different “designer“ crops have passed through a federal review process, and about a hundred more are undergoing field trials. Key Wordsburgeon v
12、迅速成长、迅速发展 oddity n奇异，古怪（分数：2.00）_36.汉译英_37.中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养众多的人口，这些人口面临土地匮乏、淡水短缺的压力。早在 20世纪 90年代，在沿海地区(包括山东省，河北省，广东省和海南省)的近300，000 公顷的盐碱地和滩涂上，种的不是小麦、水稻，就是油料作物，这在全世界都是不曾有过的。人们相信，发展海水灌溉农业是增加农田和降低灌溉费用的有效途径。中国人口占世界总人口的五分之一，而可利用的耕地面积只占世界总耕地面积的 7。另一方面，海水灌溉对中国这样一个人均淡水占有量只占世界人均淡水占有量四分之一的国家，将大有裨益。
13、自古以来，几乎所有的农作物都得用淡水灌溉。然而，随着杂交技术和基因技术的发展，中国的科学家培育出了一组能在盐碱环境中生长的盐土植物。【关键词】盐碱地 alkaline land滩涂 mudflat杂交 crossbreeding盐土植物 halophytes（分数：2.00）_38.南京化学厂简介 南京化学厂具有近四十年的建厂史，是轻工部定点生产牙膏的中型企业，现为省级先进企业。 全厂现有职工六百名，其中工程技术人员七十余名，具有丰富的专业技术知识，检测设备先进，手段齐全，该厂在全国率先引进具有八十年代国际先进水平的瑞士 VME-700型制膏机及德国 IWKA公司灌装包装设备，具有年产牙膏 8
14、000万支以上的生产能力。 该厂牙膏产品有三大系列，14 个品种规格，名优产品芒果，几十年来畅销不衰，并出口到东欧、中东、非洲等国家。为了迎合国际上消费品“回归大自然”的发展趋势，该厂开发研制了具有当代最新科技水平，全国牙牙膏行业唯一发明专利产品丝素牙膏，引起国内外客户的极大兴趣和关注，最近又开发出真珠王牙膏系列产品，受到消费者的青睐。【关键词】灌装包装设备 packing facilities系列 series 品种规格 specification丝素牙膏 SILK DENTAL CREAM 真珠王(牙膏)PEARL KING（分数：2.00）_2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案
15、解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.Wi-Fi（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：无线保真技术)解析：3.ISO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际标准化组织)解析：4.DNA（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：脱氧核糖核酸)解析：5.IMF（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际货币基金组织)解析：6.nitrogen oxide（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：氧化氮)解析：7.autoalarm（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：自动报警器)解析：8.biologica
16、l agent（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：生物制剂)解析：9.Charles Darwin（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：查尔斯达尔文)解析：10.multistage rocket（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：多级火箭)解析：11.radio navigational instruments（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：无线电导航仪器)解析：12.probability theory（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：概率论)解析：13.geoastrophysics（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：天文地球物理学)解析：14.n
17、eon（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：霓虹灯)解析：15.semiconductor（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：半导体)解析：municative translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：交际翻译)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.矿物燃料（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：fossil fuel)解析：19.载人飞船（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：manned spacecraft)解析：20.人工智能（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：artificial intelligence)解析：21.信息类文本（分数：2.00）
18、_正确答案：(正确答案：informative text)解析：22.电化学（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：electrochemistry)解析：千瓦_正确答案：(正确答案：kilowatt)解析：24.功能对等（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：functional equivalence)解析：25.工程制图（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：engineering drawing)解析：26.改写本（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：adaptation)解析：克隆_正确答案：(正确答案：clone)解析：28.机辅翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答
19、案：computer aided translation)解析：29.博客搜索（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：blog search)解析：30.字面翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：literal translation)解析：31.天宫 1号太空舱（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Tiangong 1 space capsule)解析：32.同声传译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：simultaneous interpretation)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.One measure of a robu
20、st transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US
21、 cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, lo
22、w-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest
23、levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing
24、Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each yearequivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per dayand injure many times more. Key Wordslog v. 把记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过 jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 衡量一个交通体系发达的尺度就是多样化的出行方式。美国的城市交通都
25、是由一种方式主导：那就是私家车。抽样调查显示，美国城市中每个人在 1990年全年平均有 10 870公里(6 750英里)的行车里程，都可以绕北美旅行一圈多了。1980 到 1990年间，美国每个人开了 2 000公里，几乎是加拿大人的两倍，加拿大也达到了另一个峰值。在工业国家，随着人口密度的减少，城市用车量也在上涨。美国的城市趋向于分散型、低密度发展。1983 年到 1990年，美国通勤的往返路程上涨了 25，达到了 17公里(11 英里)。由于城市在扩张，汽车就变得很有必要，而转车、骑行和步行显得很不实际。所以在亚洲和欧洲紧凑型的城市，交通非机动化水平也最高。 随着汽车使用数量的增加，与之
26、相关的问题猛然上升。比如，车祸致死事件在增加。发展中国家却是例外，不过虽然在这些国家的城市汽车使用得比较少，但糟糕的交通信号和安全规定也造成了车祸频发。但是，美国社会高度依赖于汽车，甚至在人均交通设施上都远远超过了亚洲的发展中国家。交通事故在全世界每年造成 885 000人死亡相当于每天十起严重的喷气式客机坠毁事故，还有更多的人受伤。)解析：35.Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promiseand a s
27、ubject of debategenetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and who is eating them? What do we know about their benefitsand their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices
28、around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earth“s burgeoning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech plants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scaleon 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farmland, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops jumped nearly 25
