1、2012 年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：102.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the_in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.（分数：2.00）A.relationshipB.speciesC.patternsD.
2、environment2.One theory about intelligence sees _as the logical structure underlying thinking and insists that since animals are mute, they must be_as well.（分数：2.00）A.behavior.inactiveB.instinct.cooperativeC.heredity. thoughtfulD.language. mindless3.By_scientific rigor with a quantitative approach,
3、researchers in the social sciences may often have_their scope to whose narrowly circumscribed topics that are well suited to quantitative methods.（分数：2.00）A.undermining.diminishedB.equating.enlargedC.vitiating.expandedD.identifying.limited4.The new_of knowledge has created _people: everyone believes
4、 that his or her subject cannot and possibly should not be understood by others.（分数：2.00）A.specialization.barriers betweenB.decline.associations amongCplacency inD.disrepute.concern for5.Far from being_, Pat was always_to appear acquiescent.（分数：2.00）A.unctuous.loathB.brazen.reluctantC.ignoble. conce
5、rnedD.obsequious. eager6.Those who fear the influence of television deliberately_its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.（分数：2.00）A.promoteB.underplayC.excuseD.laud7.Because the high seriousness of their narr
6、atives resulted in part from their metaphysics, Southern writer were praised for their_bent.（分数：2.00）A.technicalB.discursiveC.hedonisticD.philosophical8.Her_should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.（分数：2.00）A.in
7、temperanceB.intoleranceC.apprehensionD.frugality9.Unfortunately,his damaging attacks on the ramification of the economic policy have been _by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy“s underlying assumptions.（分数：2.00）A.supplementedB.underminedC.divertedD.redeemed10.In the machinelike world of clas
8、sical physics, the human intellect appears_, since the mechanical nature of classical physics does not_creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principle possible.（分数：2.00）A.anomalous.allow forB.abstract.speak toC.anachronistic.denyD.contradictory.exclude11.Doc
9、umenting science“s_philosophy would be_, since it is almost axiomatic that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations.（分数：2.00）A.distrust of. elementaryB.influence on. superfluousC.reliance on. inappropriateD.dependence on. difficult12.The sheer diversity of
10、tropical plants represents a seemingly_source of raw materials , of which only a few have been utilized.（分数：2.00）A.exploitedB.quantifiableC.controversialD.inexhaustible13.The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, _between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that ar
11、e_to the maintenance of community.（分数：2.00）A.a compromise. inimicalB.an equivalence. pre requisiteC.a reciprocity. conduciveD.a counterpoint. incidental14.To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too_: any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to_ thought processe
12、s that did not originate with them.（分数：2.00）A.popular. dismissB.idiosyncratic. reenactC.self-confident.revitalizeD.pragmatic.discourage15.The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when we consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess, is her_search for her daughter.
13、（分数：2.00）A.extendedB.agitatedC.comprehensiveD.motiveless16.Yellow fever, the disease that killed 4000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so_Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in _the Western Hemisphere.（分数：2.00）A.decimated. abeyanceB.corrupted. quies
14、cenceC.ravaged. secretD.terrorized. contention17.Parts of 17th century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended to look_, they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting form asense of the_of natural beauty and human glory.（分数：2.00）A.beautiful.immutabilityB.che
15、erful. transitorinessC.colorful.abstractnessD.luxuriant.simplicity18.Since it is now_to build the complex central processing unit of a computer on a single silicon chip using photolithography and chemical etching, it seems plausible that other miniature structures might be fabricated in_ways.（分数：2.0
16、0）A.difficult.relatedB.permitted.uniqueC.mandatory. congruentD.routine. similar19.Laws do not ensure social order since laws can always be _, which makes them_unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.（分数：2.00）A.contested.provisionalB.circumvented.antiquatedC
17、.repealed. vulnerableD.violated. ineffective20.Ironically, the party leaders encountered no greater_their efforts to build a progressive party than the_of the progressives already elected to the legislature.（分数：2.00）A.benefit from. successB.support for. advocacyC.obstacle to.resistanceD.threat to.pr
18、omise二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States interpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experi-enced it, passing from a sovereign people compatriots with newly arrivin
19、g settlers to, finally a conquered peoplea charter minority on our own land. When the Spanish first came to Mexico, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800“
20、 s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820“ s United State citizens migrated to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton. As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two id
21、eologies clashed repeatedly, culmination in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, suddenly derived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-Mexican modes of thought and action in order to survive.（分数：8.00）(1).The author“s purpose in writing this passage
22、 is primarily to_.（分数：2.00）A.suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in TexasB.bring to light previously overlooked research on Mexican AmericansC.provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American cultureD.document certain early objectives of Mexican-A
23、merican society(2).The author most probably uses the phrase “charter minority“ to reinforce the idea the Mexican Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.are a native rather than an immigrant group in the United StatesB.played an active political role when Texas first became part of the United StatesC.have been misund
24、erstood by scholars trying to interpret their cultureD.identify more closely with their Indian heritage than with their Spanish heritage(3).According to the passage, a major difference between the colonization policy of the United States and that of Mexico in Texas in the 1800“ s was the_.（分数：2.00）A
25、.degree to which policies were based on traditionB.form of economic interdependency between different cultural groupsC.treatment of the native inhabitantsD.relationship between the military and the settlers(4).Which of the following statements most clearly contradicts the information in this passage
26、?（分数：2.00）A.While Texas was under Mexican control, the population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the fact the Mexico discouraged immigration from the United States.B.Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish acculturation and were either killed or enslaved.C.By the time Mexico acquired Texas,
27、many Indians had already married people of Spanish Heritage.D.Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to Mexico after Texas was annexed by the United States.Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make of
28、fers, or “bids“ , for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of thegoods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is of
29、ten set on a raised platform called a rostrum. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase. “ The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning “ under the spear,“ a sp
30、ear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the candle“ ; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight. Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold
31、 by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, frit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie“s and Sotheby“s in London a
32、nd New York are world-famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details , catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together,
33、 called a “ lot,“ is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer“s services are paid for in
34、 the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.（分数：8.00）(1).Why is the end of the bidding called “knocking down“?（分数：2.00）A.Because the auctioneer knocks the buyer down.B.Because the auctione
35、er knocks the rostrum down.C.Because the goods are knocked down on the table.D.Because the auctioneer bans the table with a hammer.(2).The Romans used to sell_by auction.（分数：2.00）A.spoilt goodsB.old-worn weaponsC.property taken from the enemyD.spears(3).A candle used to burn at auction sales_.（分数：2.
36、00）A.because they took place at nightB.as a signal for the crowd to gatherC.to keep the auctioneer warmD.to limit the time when offers could be made(4).The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots“ out of the order because_.（分数：2.00）A.he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB.he knows from experience
37、 that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC.he wants to keep certain people waitingD.he wants to reduce the number of buyersWhen we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, lin
38、e, shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that 1 am not making a plea, disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories
39、of non-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing contact with
40、 past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visu
41、al image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many
42、 modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14“ century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto“s contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giott
43、o; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of
44、 ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call “pictures. “ Even comics and advertisements , rightly viewed, provide food for thought. Just as the study of poetry rem
45、ains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics“ of the visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largel
46、y unknown except to artists who use it as we use all languagewithout needing to know its grammar and semantics.（分数：14.00）(1).The author of the passage explicitly, disagrees with which of the following statements?（分数：2.00）A.In modern society even non-artists can master techniques that great artists o
47、f the 14“ century did not employ.B.The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art.C.In modern society the victory of representational skills has created a problem for art critics.D.The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an ar
48、ea that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.(2).The author suggests which of the following about art historians?（分数：2.00）A.They do not believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.B.They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.C.They have not give
49、n enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.D.They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive issues.(3).Which of the following best states that author“s attitude toward comics, as expressed in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.They constitute an innovative art from.B.They can be a worthwhile subject for study.C.They are critically
