1、2013 年四川大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Many people imagine that Alzheimer“s disease, the degenerative disorder that ultimately leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. 【C1】_the risks of contracting the disease increas
2、e with age, there are many elderly people【C2】_memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-【C3】_about all forms of memory loss that we label everything “Alzheimer“s“. Alzheimer“s disease itself can【C4】_people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also【C5】_the blame for othe
3、r non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. 【C6】_, only an examination of the brain tissue during all autopsy can produce an accurate【C7】_of the disease. The causes of Alzheimer“s are unknown. They may be either【C8】_or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13, 000 people whose parents or sibl
4、ings had the disease showed they had five times【C9】_chance of succumbing【C10】_the age of 80 than those with no family【C11】_of the problem. There are other factors, however. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer“s and, when both twins【C
5、12】_it, they did so as【C13】_as 15 years apart. The possibility【C14】_environment plays a part was【C15】_by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher【C16】_of the disease. Aluminum has been bla
6、med for, the development of Alzheimer“s. This is because a high level of aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time【C17】_aluminum was becoming widely available for use in cooking pots. Memory loss, dif
7、ficulty in【C18】_familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all【C19】_of the onset of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, 【C20】_verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.In spite of(2).【C2】
8、（分数：2.00）A.whomB.whichC.whoseD.what(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.judgedB.equippedC.informedD.advised(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.affectB.inhibitC.confineD.constrain(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.takeB.putC.getD.hold(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.In actionB.In the mainC.In no timeD.In the end(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.descriptionB.illustrationC.demonst
9、rationD.diagnosis(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.instinctualB.naturalC.geneticD.intuitive(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.slighterB.fainterC.lessD.more(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.atB.forC.byD.until(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.relationB.historyC.backgroundD.correlation(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.came up withB.did away withC.dispensed withD.went dow
10、n with(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.muchB.manyC.soonD.often(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.thatC.whichD.with(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.underminedB.eliminatedC.boostedD.underlined(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.conversionB.incidenceC.concealmentD.degree(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.at whichB.whenC.thatD.during which(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.appro
11、achingB.performingC.supervisingD.upholding(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.reflectionsB.variablesC.constantD.indicators(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.leastB.thenC.lastD.latter二、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：30.00)Olga had always enjoyed the character-centered books written by Adele Kwan and wanted to read another one if it seemed intere
12、sting and was written in the same style. Olga wasn“t sure, however, whether she should spend part of her savings on Kwan“s latest book, The Newcomer. She hoped the following book reviews in her high school newspaper would help her make a decision. Novel Without a Plot By Carlo Dante I just finished
13、reading Adele Kwan“s latest novel, The Newcomer, and was disappointed. In my opinion the book does not have enough plot to be considered a novel. The newcomer in this book is Violet Wang. She“s fifteen when her family moves from San Francisco“s Chinatown to a small town in Washington State. In this
14、town everyone knows each other, and none of the other residents are Chinese. Violet“s challenge is to fit in. Sensitive and intelligent, she amuses those who know her well but is shy and reserved with strangers. These circumstances could have provided the basis for an interesting story. I particular
15、ly enjoyed learning about Chinese American culture and Violet“s strong family ties. However, this book has no real plot. There is no action to follow. Instead the author emphasizes what is happening in Violet“s head as she finds her way in her new home. We are introduced to new characters and situat
16、ions only as they are viewed by the introspective Violet. When she arrives at her new school, for example, the reader is forced to endure page after page describing Violet“s classrooms, classmates, and teachers, with no excitement to keep us involved in the story. If this had been a historical novel
17、, at least the text could have elucidated what life was like during a past era. If it had been a mystery, I would have had a reason to move from one page to the next. Furthermore, Violet would have had a more intriguing way to demonstrate her intelligence and sensitivity. As it is, I found The Newco
18、mer uninteresting. The lack of plot and the reliance on a single character to support the entire book make for a dull, slow-moving reading experience. Although Ms. Kwan writes well, she has failed to presser a story worth reading. A Book to Cherish By Rachel Blythe In last week“s edition I read “Nov
19、el Without a Plot“ , an unflattering review of Adele Kwan“s latest novel, I too, have read The Newcomer, and I strongly disagree with. Carlo Dante“s evaluation of this fine novel. Dante claims The Newcomer lacks a plot. He fails to recognize that some novels are plot-driven and others are character-
20、centered. Clearly Dante prefers to read the former and feels justified in imposing his preference on all of us. There are many readers who do not require a story to propel us feverishly from one action-packed moment to the next. We are content to get to know an interesting character who encounter ch
21、allenges and tries various ways to overcome them. Violet Wang is a wonderful example of this type of character, and we are fortunate that the novel is told from her point of view. We first experience her world in San Francisco, where she is surrounded by Chinese American traditions and the support o
22、f an extended family. We feel her confusion and traumatic sense of loss as she must leave all that is familiar to her. When Violet arrives in the area that will be her new home, we see its beauty and mystery through her eyes. As she tries to adjust to life in a place where she feels like an outsider
23、, many of us may remember similar times in our own lives. We ache when she hurts and feel triumph in our hearts when she experiences progress. I won“t tell you why. Violet has had to make such a drastic life change or how she comes to terms with it. Unlike Dante, I think that most readers would grea
24、tly enjoy this book. In these times of action-adventure movies and computer games, many have lost the patience to be readers, thinkers, and emotional beings. I think that someone who fails to see the value in this book is missing out on a lot.（分数：10.00）(1).When Olga read Rachel Blythe“s review, she
25、probably felt_.（分数：2.00）A.encouragedB.indifferentC.confusedD.depressed(2).Which of these is the best summary of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Voicing his disappointment in Adele Kwan“s latest novel, Carlo Dante writes a book review criticizing the book as uninteresting lacking in plot.B.To help her decide
26、whether to purchase Adele Kwan“s new book, The Newcomer, Olga reads opposing book reviews in her high school newspaper.C.As a supporter of character-centered novels, Rachel Blythe writes a book review defending Adele Kwan“s The Newcomer because she feels many people will enjoy the book.D.Olga enjoys
27、 the character-centered books of Adele Kwan and would like to read another one if it is interesting and is written in the same style.(3).Based on information in the reviews, with which statement would both Carlo Dante and Rachel Blythe probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The Newcomer is an action-adventure st
28、ory.B.Violet is outgoing, even around strangers.C.The Newcomer is a powerful and captivating book.D.Violet has a strong bond with family members.(4).Which conclusion is best supported by information in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Rachel Blythe and Olga have similar reading tastes.B.Adele Kwan is a best-s
29、elling author.C.Rachel Blythe does not read novels that are plot-driven.D.Violet has become more outspoken since her move.(5).Based on information in the passage, the reader can conclude Violet“s primary source of conflict stems from her_.（分数：2.00）A.not being fluent in ChineseB.difficulties with her
30、 schoolworkC.parents being extremely strictD.family“s move to Washington StateMy objective is to analyze certain forms of knowledge, not in terms of repression or law, but in terms of power. But the word power is apt to lead to misunderstandings about the nature, form, and unity of power. By power,
31、I do not mean a group of institutions and mechanisms that ensure the subservience of the citizenry. I do not mean, either, a mode of subjugation that, in contrast to violence, has the form of the rule. Finally, I do not have in mind a general system of domination exerted by one group over another, a
32、 system whose effects, through successive derivations, pervade the entire social body. The sovereignty of the state, the form of law, or the overall unity of a domination are only the terminal forms power takes. It seems to me that power must be understood as the multiplicity of force relations that
33、 are immanent in the social sphere; as the process that, through ceaseless struggle and confrontation, transforms, strengthens, or reverses them; as the support that these force relations find in one another, or on the contrary, the disjunctions and contradictions that isolate them from one another,
34、 and lastly, as the strategies in which they take effect, whose general design or institutional crystallization is embodied in the state apparatus, in the formulation of the law, in the various social hegemonies. Thus, the viewpoint that permits one to understand the exercise of power, even in its m
35、ore “peripheral“ effects, and that also makes it possible to use its mechanisms as a structural framework for analyzing the social order, must not be sought in a unique source of sovereignty from which secondary and descendent forms of power emanate but in the moving substrate of force relations tha
36、t, by virtue of their inequality, constantly engender local and unstable states of power. If power seems omnipresent, it is not because it has the privilege of consolidating everything under its invincible unity, but because it is produced from one moment to the next, at every point, or rather in ev
37、ery relation from one point to another. Power is everywhere, not because it embraces everything, but because it comes from everywhere. And if power at times seems to be permanent, repetitious, inert, and self-reproducing, it is simply because the overall effect that emerges from all these mobilities
38、 is a concatenation that rests on each of them and seeks in turn to arrest their movement. One needs to be communalistic, no doubt; power is not an institution, and not a structure; neither is it a certain strength we are endowed with; it is the name that one attributes to a complex strategic situat
39、ion in a particular society.（分数：10.00）(1).The author“s primary purpose in defining power is to_.（分数：2.00）A.counteract self-serving and confusing uses of the termB.increase comprehension of the term by providing concrete examplesC.demonstrate how the meaning of the term has evolvedD.avoid possible mi
40、sinterpretations resulting from the more common uses of the term(2).According to the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between law and power?（分数：2.00）A.Law is the protector of power.B.Law is the source of power.C.Law sets bounds to power.D.Law is a product of power.(3).
41、Which of the following methods is NOT used extensively by the author in describing his own conception of power?（分数：2.00）A.Restatement of central ideas.B.Provision of concrete examples.C.Analysis and classification.D.Comparison and contrast.(4).The author“s attitude toward the various kinds of compul
42、sion employed by social institutions is best described as_.（分数：2.00）A.concerned and sympatheticB.scientific and detachedC.suspicious and cautiousD.reproachful and disturbed(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes the conflict among social forces to be（分数：2.00）A.essentially th
43、e same from one society to another even though its outward manifestation may seem differentB.usually the result of misunderstandings that impede social progressC.an inevitable feature of the social order of any stateD.best moderated in states that possess a strong central governmentWithin hours of a
44、ppearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he “expected“ th
45、eir loyalty in the work of rebuilding France“s national defense. He understood their “ legitimate concerns, questions and emotions“ at the reforms, but added, “You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has been compulsory for less t
46、han a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional. “ The President“s decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law
47、 in 1905. As recently as 1993 , an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and offices
48、yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac“s announcement was generally positive. Among people who completed their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to definemixing wit
49、h people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesionmight be lost. Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was “useless“ as a form of military training-“I only fired a rifle twice“but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and i
