1、2013年燕山大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.UNCED（分数：2.00）_3.ROI（分数：2.00）_4.UNFPA（分数：2.00）_5.LDCs（分数：2.00）_6.CNPC（分数：2.00）_7.ASEAN（分数：2.00）_8.food security（分数：2.00）_9.endowment insurance（分数：2.00）_10.traffic performance index（分数：2.00）_11.advertising slot（分数：2.00）_12.mu
2、tation in gene（分数：2.00）_13.hunger-marketing strategy（分数：2.00）_14.Skopostheory（分数：2.00）_15.translation brief（分数：2.00）_16.intra-textual coherence（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.购买力（分数：2.00）_师德_民生_21.数字化进程（分数：2.00）_22.经济法制化（分数：2.00）_23.优惠的税收政策（分数：2.00）_24.社会知识化（分数：2.00）_25.政治体制改革（分数：2.00）_26.机构臃肿（分数：2.00）_27.医德医风（
3、分数：2.00）_28.文化逆差（分数：2.00）_29.温饱工程（分数：2.00）_30.再就业工程（分数：2.00）_31.反腐倡廉（分数：2.00）_32.生态环境恶化（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_34.The therapeutic benefits of laughter are widely known, however, and this is intriguing from the standpoint of basic science. Laughter is one of the most fundamental compone
4、nts of human behavior, transcending all age and cultural boundaries. It produces a hit of pure, direct pleasure. Yet scientists still do not understand what is happening in the brain to give such a positive feeling.Laughter breaks all the rules of survival. It uses up energy, makes predator-attracti
5、ng noise and serves no obvious function in terms of gaining nourishment, accomplishing reproduction, or protecting from danger; yet it appears to be as natural as breathing. So fundamental is it, in fact, that people in all societies spend timeand often moneyengineering themselves into situations wh
6、ere laughter is likely. It must be there for a reason.From psychological, zoological, medical and neuro-scientific standpoints, then, laughter should be at the top of the scientific research list. As a medicine it would be cheap and side-effect free; it ought to be promoted.But would scientific enqu
7、iry rob laughter of its quintessential merit, the elusive “feel-good factor“? There is no reason why this should be so. True, analyzing subjective conscious experience is one of the biggest and hardest questions facing those working on the brain, and laughter and pure fun are perhaps the hardest asp
8、ects of consciousness to come to grips with.（分数：2.00）_35.But each time you recover that hallowed self-esteem, you renew a fight to maintain it. Each time you go to a job interview and give them your best and they hire someone else, you go another round with yourself and your self-esteem. Your unempl
9、oyment seems to drag on beyond all justification. You start to glimpse a stranger in your rearview mirror. The stranger suddenly looks like a bum. You look at her with clinical curiosity. Hmmm. Obviously into the chronic stages, definitely not employable.We unemployed share a social stigma similar t
10、o that of the rape victim. Whether consciously or subconsciously, much of the work-ethic-driven public feels that you have somehow “asked for it, “ secretly wanted to lose your job and “flirted“ with unemployment through your attitude.(127 words)(30 points)-From How it feels to be out of work?（分数：2.
11、00）_36.汉译英_37.中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要组成部分。在物质文化方面，中国的“四大发明”曾经改变世界历史的进程。在精神文明方面，“以人为本”的思想和“和为贵”的思想，对世界文化解决个人与社会、人与自然、道德与生命的根本关系做出了杰出的贡献。中国的学者们一致认为，在全球化趋势日益发展的今天，文化交流在国与国之间的交往中越来越重要，中国应该向全世界充分展现具有强大凝聚力的中华文明，同时应该吸取一切人类文明的精华。(215words)(30 points)（分数：2.00）_38.学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给我们求友的机会上
12、。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道，这几年来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到两两三三的携着书包，携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。(144 words)(30 points)（分数：2.00）_2013年燕山大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.UNCED（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：联合国环境与发展会议)解析：3.ROI（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：投资回报率)解析：4.UNFPA（
13、分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：联合国人口活动基金会)解析：5.LDCs（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：最不发达国家)解析：6.CNPC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中国石油天然气集团公司)解析：7.ASEAN（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：东南亚国家联盟)解析：8.food security（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：食品安全)解析：9.endowment insurance（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：养老保险)解析：10.traffic performance index（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：交通运行指
14、数)解析：11.advertising slot（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：插播广告)解析：12.mutation in gene（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：基因突变)解析：13.hunger-marketing strategy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：饥饿营销战略)解析：14.Skopostheory（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：目的论)解析：15.translation brief（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：翻译要求)解析：16.intra-textual coherence（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：语
15、内连贯)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.购买力（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：购买力)解析：师德_正确答案：(正确答案：teachers professional ethics)解析：民生_正确答案：(正确答案：peoples livelihood)解析：21.数字化进程（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the digitalization process)解析：22.经济法制化（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：economy legalization)解析：23.优惠的税收政策（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：preferential tax policie
16、s)解析：24.社会知识化（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：a knowledgebased society)解析：25.政治体制改革（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：reform of the political structure)解析：26.机构臃肿（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：overstaffing in organization)解析：27.医德医风（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：medical ethics)解析：28.文化逆差（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cultural deficit)解析：29.温饱工程（分数：2.00）_
17、正确答案：(正确答案：adequate food and clothing program)解析：30.再就业工程（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：reemployment project)解析：31.反腐倡廉（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：combat corruption and build a clean government)解析：32.生态环境恶化（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：ecological environment deterioration)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.The therapeutic
18、benefits of laughter are widely known, however, and this is intriguing from the standpoint of basic science. Laughter is one of the most fundamental components of human behavior, transcending all age and cultural boundaries. It produces a hit of pure, direct pleasure. Yet scientists still do not und
19、erstand what is happening in the brain to give such a positive feeling.Laughter breaks all the rules of survival. It uses up energy, makes predator-attracting noise and serves no obvious function in terms of gaining nourishment, accomplishing reproduction, or protecting from danger; yet it appears t
20、o be as natural as breathing. So fundamental is it, in fact, that people in all societies spend timeand often moneyengineering themselves into situations where laughter is likely. It must be there for a reason.From psychological, zoological, medical and neuro-scientific standpoints, then, laughter s
21、hould be at the top of the scientific research list. As a medicine it would be cheap and side-effect free; it ought to be promoted.But would scientific enquiry rob laughter of its quintessential merit, the elusive “feel-good factor“? There is no reason why this should be so. True, analyzing subjecti
22、ve conscious experience is one of the biggest and hardest questions facing those working on the brain, and laughter and pure fun are perhaps the hardest aspects of consciousness to come to grips with.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 人们都知道笑的疗效，但是，从科学基础知识的立场看的话，这种疗效其实很有意思。笑是人类行为中最基本的组成之一，它超越了年龄和文化界限，直接给人以一种纯粹的快乐
23、冲击。然而科学家们还不理解，产生这样一种积极的感情的话，大脑里会有什么样的反应。 笑可以打破所有的生存准则。它可以耗尽体能，发出吸引捕食者的声音，不过在获取营养、完成繁殖以及免受伤害方面，没有发挥什么明显的功效，但是它可以就像人的呼吸那样来得自然而然。所以，事实上最重要的一点是，所有社会里的人都在花费时间经常是钱，来把自己置于可以笑得出来的情境中。这也必定是有原因的。 从心理学、动物学、医学以及神经科学的角度看，笑都处于科学研究的首位。它作为一种药物既便宜又无副作用，值得推荐给大家。 但科学探究会不会从笑里揪出它特别的长处捉摸不透的“感觉好的因素”?这么做的话毫无理由。说实话，分析主观意识经验
24、是那些从事大脑的研究的人们所做的规模最大以及难度最大的研究之一，因为，笑以及纯粹的乐趣是最难把握的两个意识方面。)解析：35.But each time you recover that hallowed self-esteem, you renew a fight to maintain it. Each time you go to a job interview and give them your best and they hire someone else, you go another round with yourself and your self-esteem. Your
25、unemployment seems to drag on beyond all justification. You start to glimpse a stranger in your rearview mirror. The stranger suddenly looks like a bum. You look at her with clinical curiosity. Hmmm. Obviously into the chronic stages, definitely not employable.We unemployed share a social stigma sim
26、ilar to that of the rape victim. Whether consciously or subconsciously, much of the work-ethic-driven public feels that you have somehow “asked for it, “ secretly wanted to lose your job and “flirted“ with unemployment through your attitude.(127 words)(30 points)-From How it feels to be out of work?
27、（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 但是每次你刚缓回你那受尊敬的自尊心，就又投入下一场捍卫它的战斗中。每次你参加求职面试，展现出了你最好的一面，而他们雇了别人，你和你的自尊心就又要来一回翻江倒海了。你的失业好像没理由拖得这么久。你开始瞅着后视镜中的陌生人，那个陌生人看起来就像一个无业游民。你用外科医生的好奇心看着她，嗯，很明显，她已经进入慢性期了，肯定是没有工作的人。 我们失业的人与强奸受害者一样是社会的耻辱。不管是有意识还是下意识，许多备受工作道德熏陶的人们通过你的态度会感觉到，是你“自找麻烦”，是你偷偷地想丢掉工作，然后“把失业当成闹着玩儿”。)解析：36.汉译英_解析：37.中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要组成部分。在物质文化方面，中国的“四大发明”曾经改变世界历史的进程。在精神文明方面，“以人为本”的思想和“和为贵”的思想，对世界文化解决个人与社会、人与自然、道德与生命的根本关系做出了杰出的贡献。中国的学者们一致认为，在全球化趋势日益发展的今天，文化交流在国与国之间的交往中越来越重要，中国应该向全世界充分展现具有强大凝聚力的中华文明，同时应该吸取一切人类文明的精华。(215words)(30 points)（分数：2.00）_
