1、2014年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：31，分数：58.00)1.英译汉_2.the occupancy rate of matches（分数：2.00）_3.gross enrollment rate（分数：2.00）_4.to optimize the production（分数：2.00）_5.modest income（分数：2.00）_6.demographic change（分数：2.00）_7.UNESCO（分数：2.00）_8.ultra-left extremist（分数：2.00）_9.clinic
2、al experience（分数：2.00）_10.knowledge-intensive（分数：2.00）_11.water conservancy facility（分数：2.00）_12.anti-fake label（分数：2.00）_13.video conferencing（分数：2.00）_14.purchasing power（分数：2.00）_15.inhalable particle（分数：2.00）_16.汉译英_17.海峡两岸人民（分数：2.00）_18.国际货币基金组织（分数：2.00）_19.沙尘暴（分数：2.00）_20.磁悬浮技术（分数：2.00）_21.风险投
3、资（分数：2.00）_22.赊账交易（分数：2.00）_23.农村剩余劳动力（分数：2.00）_兼并_25.局部发炎（分数：2.00）_26.解决温饱问题（分数：2.00）_27.老弱病残（分数：2.00）_28.大男子主义（分数：2.00）_29.函授教育（分数：2.00）_30.中国结（分数：2.00）_31.立交桥（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)32.英译汉_33.I believe both Chinese and Americans aspire to many of the same things: to provide for our famili
4、es, to teach our children, to build our community, to protect our earth, to shape our own future and pass brighter possibilities on to our children. There may be those here and back in America, who wonder whether close ties and deep friendship between America and China are good. Clearly the answer i
5、s Yes. We have a powerful ability to help each other grow. We can learn from each other. As two great nations, we have a special responsibility to the future of the world. The steps we take over the next week will lead to greater strides for our people in the years ahead. Here in this city of your m
6、agnificent history, we must always remember that we too are ancestors. Someday our children and their children will ask if we did all we could to build just societies and a more peaceful world. Let our monument be their judgment that we did that. Let our progress include all people with all their di
7、fferences, moving toward a common destiny. Let us give new meaning to the words written in the ancient book of rites, that you call, the Li Ji, “When the great way is followed, all under heaven will be equal.“ (From Remarks in Welcoming Ceremonies in Xian)（分数：2.00）_34.The purpose of memory (STM) tra
8、ining in interpreting is to achieve a better understanding of the source language, which will lead to adequate interpreting. As Lin Yuru et al. put it, “Memory in consecutive interpreting consists of nothing more than understanding the meaning, which is conveyed by the words“ (Lin et al., 1999:9). U
9、nderstanding is the first step in successful interpreting; therefore, memory training is to be provided in the early stage of interpreter training. Memory functions different in consecutive and simultaneous interpreting, because the duration of memory is longer in CI than in SI. There are different
10、methods of training STM for CI and SI respectively. Interpreting starts with the encoding of the information from the original speaker. According to Giles Effort Model, interpreting is an STM-centered activity; the process of interpreting could be re-postulated into: Encoding of information from the
11、 Source Language + Storing Information + Retried of Information + Decoding Information into the Target language. (From Memory Training in Interpreting)（分数：2.00）_35.Digital technologies are fast becoming indispensable. A growing array of devices and technologies are on offer today, making users much
12、more mobile. While it took around 21 years to reach the first billion mobile users, the second billion signed up in just three years. Therefore, it is not surprising that in todays world, digital business becomes big business.The clearest evidence for this is at the macro-economic level, where the c
13、ontribution of ICTs to the general economy has grown rapidly, regardless of falling prices. Mobile, broadband, user-generated content and IPTV are some of the technologies highlighted as the underlying enablers of new lifestyles. The report, part of a series written yearly by ITU, explores the chang
14、ing nature and role of the digital individual and of digital identity with examples and scenarios. The “digital-life“ report shows human lives increasingly entwined with technology enabling virtual identities to be constructed and digital personae to exist with recreational commercial and sometimes
15、malicious purpose. (Excerpt from an ITU news report)（分数：2.00）_36.汉译英_37.农业是人类衣食之源，农业是国民经济其他部门得以生存和发展的基础，没有农业，人们就不能生存，社会生产就不能继续下去。众所周知，中国的耕地只占世界可耕地的百分之七，却养活了 12亿多人，即世界人口的 21。自从 1949年中华人民共和国建国以来，国家高度重视发展农业。特别是从 1949年；我国实行改革开放的各项政策以来，其中包括以农业为国民经济的基础这一政策，中国在发展农业方面取得了巨大成就。到 1996年，乡镇企业总产值达到了 58 万亿元，从业的劳动力
16、达到 5亿人。乡镇企业包括工业、农业、运输、交通，还有建筑业以及各种服务行业。乡镇企业生产种类繁多的商品，从农业所需的产品，到各种日用必需品、食品、副业产品、成衣、轻工业所需的材料，以及为国际市场生产的种种产品。乡镇企业的发展给中国广大农村的剩余劳动力提供了就业的机会，极大地改善了我国农村人民的生活水平，极大地促进了国家的全面繁荣。（分数：2.00）_38.在中国，许多家庭把希望放在他们的孩子身上。希望他们的孩子能够帮助他们实现上大学的梦想。作为新一代的独生子女中国计划生育的产物，他们面临各种学业上的压力。这其中主要是怎样考进重点高中与重点大学。许多孩子从上小学开始就要做很多作业，他们没有时间
17、娱乐，甚至休息。他们早上 6点钟上学，晚上 11点才能上床睡觉。到周末的时候他们还要去上各种补习班。这种教育无法使学生全面发展，而且还会给青少年带来许多身体与心理上的伤害。他们也会在这种以考试为中心的教育模式中逐渐失去对学习的兴趣。以考试为中心的教育模式很容易导致学校、家长、学生本人只以学习成绩作为评估标准。长此以往，这种教育理念会导致一种非常不健康的教育价值观。所以，教育体制改革全面开展青少年的素质教育是中国教育亟待解决的问题。（分数：2.00）_39.中美在人权问题上既有分歧，也有共同点。两千多年以前中国汉代的思想家董仲舒就曾说过，“天地之精，所以生物者，莫贵于人”。所以中华民族历来尊重和
18、维护人的尊严和权益。今天中国政府庄严地承诺，促进和保护人权与基本自由。 美国是世界上最发达的国家，人均国内生产总值近三万美元，中国是一个有十二亿人口的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值不足七百美元。所以两国社会制度、意识形态、历史传统和文化背景都不相同。两国在实现人权和基本自由的途径和方式上也不同，双方对一些问题的看法不一致和存在分歧这并不奇怪。中国强调首先要重视生存权和发展权，同时努力加强民主和法制建设，保护人民的经济、社会、文化、公民和政治权力。中国是人民当家作主的社会和国家，中国人民可以通过直接和间接的方式选举自己的人大代表，并且充分表达自己的意见，行使自己的政治权力。(克林顿记者招待会江泽民
19、讲话)（分数：2.00）_2014年黑龙江大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：31，分数：58.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.the occupancy rate of matches（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：比赛的上座率)解析：3.gross enrollment rate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：毛入学率)解析：4.to optimize the production（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：优化生产)解析：5.modest income（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中等收
20、入)解析：6.demographic change（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：人口变迁：人口变化)解析：7.UNESCO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)解析：8.ultra-left extremist（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：极左分子)解析：9.clinical experience（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：临床经验)解析：10.knowledge-intensive（分数：2.00）_正确答
21、案：(正确答案：知识密集型)解析：11.water conservancy facility（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：水利建设)解析：12.anti-fake label（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：防伪标志；防伪标识)解析：13.video conferencing（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：电视会议；视频会议)解析：14.purchasing power（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：购买力)解析：15.inhalable particle（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：可吸入颗粒物)解析：16.汉译英_解析：17.海峡两岸人民
22、（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits)解析：18.国际货币基金组织（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：International Monetary Fund (IMF)解析：19.沙尘暴（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：sandstorm; dust storm)解析：20.磁悬浮技术（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：magnetic levitation technique; magnetic suspension technique)解析：21.风险投资（分数：2.00）
23、_正确答案：(正确答案：venture investment)解析：22.赊账交易（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：open account transaction; Open Account; credit transaction)解析：23.农村剩余劳动力（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：surplus rural workers; surplus rural labour)解析：兼并_正确答案：(正确答案：merger)解析：25.局部发炎（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the local inflammation)解析：26.解决温饱问题（分数：2.00）_正
24、确答案：(正确答案：solve the problem of food and clothing shortages)解析：27.老弱病残（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：(the) old, weak, sick and disabled)解析：28.大男子主义（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：male chauvinism)解析：29.函授教育（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Correspondence Education)解析：30.中国结（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Chinese knotting)解析：31.立交桥（分数：2.00）_正确答案：
25、(正确答案：flyovers)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)32.英译汉_解析：33.I believe both Chinese and Americans aspire to many of the same things: to provide for our families, to teach our children, to build our community, to protect our earth, to shape our own future and pass brighter possibilities on to our children. T
26、here may be those here and back in America, who wonder whether close ties and deep friendship between America and China are good. Clearly the answer is Yes. We have a powerful ability to help each other grow. We can learn from each other. As two great nations, we have a special responsibility to the
27、 future of the world. The steps we take over the next week will lead to greater strides for our people in the years ahead. Here in this city of your magnificent history, we must always remember that we too are ancestors. Someday our children and their children will ask if we did all we could to buil
28、d just societies and a more peaceful world. Let our monument be their judgment that we did that. Let our progress include all people with all their differences, moving toward a common destiny. Let us give new meaning to the words written in the ancient book of rites, that you call, the Li Ji, “When the great way is followed, all under heaven will be equal.“ (From Remarks in Welcoming Ceremonies in Xian)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 我相信中国人民和美国人民在很多方面都有共同的理想，例如供养家庭、教育儿童、建设社区、保护地球、构思共建我们
