1、2016 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.ASEAN（分数：2.00）_IS_4.NATO（分数：2.00）_5.AIIB（分数：2.00）_6.TPP（分数：2.00）_7.IMF（分数：2.00）_8.Ramadan（分数：2.00）_9.genetic mutation（分数：2.00）_10.Straits Exchange Foundation（分数：2.00）_11.dead account（分数：2.00）_12.marginal return（分数：2.00）_1
2、3.offshore fishery（分数：2.00）_14.Paris Bourse（分数：2.00）_15.paternity test（分数：2.00）_16.prenuptial agreement（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.和而不同（分数：2.00）_19.功崇惟志，业广惟勤（分数：2.00）_20.位卑未敢忘忧国（分数：2.00）_21.注重教育公平（分数：2.00）_22.区域全面经济伙伴关系（分数：2.00）_23.打造中国经济的升级版（分数：2.00）_24.前瞻性战略性产业（分数：2.00）_25.易经（分数：2.00）_26.杜绝浪费现象（分数：2.00）_2
3、7.联合国教科文组织（分数：2.00）_28.天网恢恢，疏而不漏（分数：2.00）_29.全方位外交（分数：2.00）_30.命运共同体（分数：2.00）_31.有腐必惩，有贪必肃（分数：2.00）_32.“一带一路”建设（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consideration of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only was any reference to a certain pu
4、blic or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an “ideal“ receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art, since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art, in the same way, posits mans physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is
5、it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for listener. Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it s
6、eems to be the only conceivable reason for saying “the same thing“ repeatedly. For what does a literary work “say“? What does it communicate? It “tells“ very little to those who understand it. Its essential quality is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends t
7、o perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but informationhence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a literary work what it contains in addition to informationas even a poor translator will adm
8、itthe unfathomable, the mysterious, the “poetic“, something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation. This will be true whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended
9、 for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the readers sake, how could the translation he understood on the basis of this premise? (309 words)（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.所谓茶马古道，并非指唯一的某一条大道，而是指以藏滇川交界处的“三角地带”为中心，跨越横断山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的诸多道路，其中有两条主要大道：“滇藏道”与“川藏道”。虽然
10、在清雍正十三年(1735)，官营茶马交易被终止，但茶马古道依然繁荣，而在茶马古道上将茶叶、马匹、皮毛、藏药往来运输的，就是脚夫和大大小小的马帮。 抗日战争期间，尤其是在缅甸沦陷，滇缅公路被切断后，滇藏线的茶马古道成为唯一的国际通道。许多国外援华物资，内地运往滇西前线的抗战物资，以及当时在滇缅边境参加抗战的 16 万多中国军人的日常供给和枪支弹药，大都是由滇西各族马帮经过茶马古道运送的。在中华民族生死存亡之际，茶马古道这条古老的贸易通道发挥了重要的作用，留下了它在历史上最后的光彩的一笔，其国际意义堪比丝绸之路，至今已可称之为重要的人类历史文化遗产。(351 字)（分数：2.00）_2016 年中
11、国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.ASEAN（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：东南亚国家联盟(东盟)(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)解析：IS_正确答案：(正确答案：“伊斯兰国”(Islamic State)解析：4.NATO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：北大西洋公约组织(Noah Atlantic Treaty Organization)解析：5.AIIB（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：亚洲基础设施投资
12、银行(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank)解析：6.TPP（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：跨太平洋伙伴关系(TransPacific Partnership)解析：7.IMF（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)解析：8.Ramadan（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：斋月(伊斯兰教历的九月)解析：9.genetic mutation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：基因突变)解析：10.Straits Exchange Foundation（分数：2.
13、00）_正确答案：(正确答案：海峡交流基金会)解析：11.dead account（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：坏账，呆账)解析：12.marginal return（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：边际报酬)解析：13.offshore fishery（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：近海渔业)解析：14.Paris Bourse（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：巴黎证券交易所)解析：15.paternity test（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：亲子鉴定)解析：16.prenuptial agreement（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确
14、答案：婚前协议)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.和而不同（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：harmony in diversity)解析：19.功崇惟志，业广惟勤（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Great accomplishments require ambition and tireless effort)解析：20.位卑未敢忘忧国（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Whatever my status，I will never lay aside my concern for the nation)解析：21.注重教育公平（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：
15、emphasize equality in education)解析：22.区域全面经济伙伴关系（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership(RCEP)解析：23.打造中国经济的升级版（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：upgrade Chinas economic development model)解析：24.前瞻性战略性产业（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：forward-looking strategic industry)解析：25.易经（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the
16、Book of Changes)解析：26.杜绝浪费现象（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：put an end to waste)解析：27.联合国教科文组织（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)解析：28.天网恢恢，疏而不漏（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Justice has long arms)解析：29.全方位外交（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：all-round diplomacy)解析：30.命运共同体（分数：
17、2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：a community of shared future)解析：31.有腐必惩，有贪必肃（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Theres absolutely no tolerance for corruption and graft)解析：32.“一带一路”建设（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the Belt and Road initiative)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.In the appreciation of a work of art or an art form, consider
18、ation of the receiver never proves fruitful. Not only was any reference to a certain public or its representatives misleading, but even the concept of an “ideal“ receiver is detrimental in the theoretical consideration of art, since all it posits is the existence and nature of man as such. Art, in t
19、he same way, posits mans physical and spiritual existence, but in none of its works is it concerned with his response. No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for listener. Is a translation meant for readers who do not understand the original? This would seem to
20、explain adequately the divergence of their standing in the realm of art. Moreover, it seems to be the only conceivable reason for saying “the same thing“ repeatedly. For what does a literary work “say“? What does it communicate? It “tells“ very little to those who understand it. Its essential qualit
21、y is not statement or the imparting of information. Yet any translation which intends to perform a transmitting function cannot transmit anything but informationhence, something inessential. This is the hallmark of bad translations. But do we not generally regard as the essential substance of a lite
22、rary work what it contains in addition to informationas even a poor translator will admitthe unfathomable, the mysterious, the “poetic“, something that a translator can reproduce only if he is also a poet? This, actually, is the cause of another characteristic of inferior translation. This will be t
23、rue whenever a translation undertakes to serve the reader. However, if it were intended for the reader, the same would have to apply to the original. If the original does not exist for the readers sake, how could the translation he understood on the basis of this premise? (309 words)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(
24、正确答案： 欣赏艺术作品或艺术形式时，顾及受众从来都没有什么益处。不仅谈及特定公众或其代表人物会对人产生误导，甚至连“理想”受众这一概念在艺术的理论探讨中也是有害无益，因为这需要以这样的人存在且具有如此本质的假设为前提。同样，艺术也以人的肉体和精神存在为前提，然而在任何一件艺术品中，艺术从未关心过人对它有何反应。诗并非为读者而赋，画绝非为观者而作，交响乐也非为听众而谱。 那么，译作是为那些不懂原作的人存在的吗?这个问题似乎充分解释了关于读者在艺术领域的地位分歧。此外，这也成为“同样的话”重复说的唯一可以理解的原因。一部文学作品在“说”什么?它在传达什么?对那些领会它的人而言，它几乎什么也没“说
25、”。文学作品的本质特征并非陈述事实或传递信息。任何旨在执行传播功能的译作除了信息外并未传达任何本质的东西。这也是拙劣译文的特征。然而，就连拙劣的译者也承认，信息之外，文学作品中的那种深不可测、神秘和“诗意”才是我们普遍认为的文学作品的本质。而只有译者本身也是诗人，才能再现这样的本质。而这事实上又引出了拙劣译作的另一个特征。只要译作意在迎合读者，这个特征便成立。倘若原作为读者而作，那么这样的评断对于原作同样适用。而如果原作并非为读者而作，那我们又怎么理解不为读者而存在的译作呢?)解析：解析： 本文选自犹太学者本雅明的译者的任务一文。本雅明全名为瓦尔特.本迪克斯.舍恩弗里斯.本雅明(Walter
26、Bendix Schoenflies Benjamin)，他是德国犹太学者、作家、哲学家，被一些人称为“欧洲最后一位文人”。其代表作有单向街发达资本主义时代的抒情诗人等。在这篇文章中，作者充分展示了哲学家的思维，从辩证的角度分析了翻译是否应为读者存在，探讨了译者在文学领域的位置，对于翻译人员而言有很大的学习价值。35.汉译英_解析：36.所谓茶马古道，并非指唯一的某一条大道，而是指以藏滇川交界处的“三角地带”为中心，跨越横断山脉和喜马拉雅山脉的诸多道路，其中有两条主要大道：“滇藏道”与“川藏道”。虽然在清雍正十三年(1735)，官营茶马交易被终止，但茶马古道依然繁荣，而在茶马古道上将茶叶、马匹
27、、皮毛、藏药往来运输的，就是脚夫和大大小小的马帮。 抗日战争期间，尤其是在缅甸沦陷，滇缅公路被切断后，滇藏线的茶马古道成为唯一的国际通道。许多国外援华物资，内地运往滇西前线的抗战物资，以及当时在滇缅边境参加抗战的 16 万多中国军人的日常供给和枪支弹药，大都是由滇西各族马帮经过茶马古道运送的。在中华民族生死存亡之际，茶马古道这条古老的贸易通道发挥了重要的作用，留下了它在历史上最后的光彩的一笔，其国际意义堪比丝绸之路，至今已可称之为重要的人类历史文化遗产。(351 字)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： The Ancient Tea and Horse Caravan Road, or
28、 Chamagudao, is not a specific well-defined route, but a net-work of routes winding through the Hengduan Mountains and the Himalayas, centering round the triangular border areas of Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan. There are two major routes: The Yunnan-Tibet Route and the Sichuan-Tibet Route. Although the trade run by government was terminated in the 13 th year of Emperor Yongzhengs reign in the Qing Dynasty (1735), trade on Chamagudao was still prosperous.
