1、MBA 联考逻辑-58 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1998 consumers could purchase virtually anything over the Internet. Books, compact discs, and even stocks were (1) from World Wide Websites that seemed to (2) almost daily a few years earlier, some people had predicted
2、that consuners accustomed to shopping in stores would be (3) to buy things that they could not see or touch (4) . For a growing number of time-starved consumers, however, shopping from their home computer was proving to be a convenient (5) to driving to the store.A research estimated that in 1998 US
3、 consumers could purchase $ 7.3 billion of goods over the Internet, double the 1997 total. Finding a bargain was getting easier, (6) the rise of online auctions and Websites that did comparison shopping on the Internet for the best (7) .For all the consumer interest, (8) in eyberspaee was still a la
4、rgely (9) business, however. Internet pioneer Amazon. eom, which began selling books in 1995 and later (10) into recorded music and videos, posted (11) of $ 153.7 million in the third quarter, up from $ 37.9 million in the same period of 1997. Overall, (12) , the company s loss widened to $ 45.2 mil
5、lion from $9.6 million, and analysts did not expect the company to turn a profit (13) 2001. (14) the great loss, Amazon. tom had a stock market value of many billions, reflecting investors (15) about the future of the industry.Internet retailing appealed (16) investors because it provided an efficie
6、nt means for reaching millions of consumers without having the cost of operating (17) stores with their armies of salespeople. Selling online carried its own risks, however, (18) so many companies competing tor consumers attention, price competition was (19) and profit (20) thin or nonexistent.（分数：1
7、0.00）(1).A assessable B available C acceptable D abundant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A turn up B show up C bring up D spring up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A preferable B enjoyable C reluctant D indifferent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A in all B in person C before hand D in reality（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A alteration B alter
8、nation C alternator D alternative（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A in spite of B owing to C according to D in the light of（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A trade B exchange C commerce D deal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A retailing B wholesaling C wholesome D purchasing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A unprofitable B profiteering C producti
9、ve D repayable（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A developed B branched C separated D distributed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A revenue B tax C tariff D avenue（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A consequently B though C however D yet（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A in B by C after D until（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A Because of B Apart from C Des
10、pite D Though（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A enthusiasm B depression C optimism D pessimism（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A to B for C about D towards（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A habitual B reutilized C conventional D customary（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B despite C to D with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A intense B intensive C
11、tense D intensified（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A benefits B margins C advantages D gains（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)September 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since
12、it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: God.Europeans worry that
13、American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the most dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could
14、spell global catastrophe.Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frightening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrie
15、r to religious warfare.“ Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political choices than in any other western democracy.“The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confin
16、ed to the elites.Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religiousand that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons
17、 have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity.Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certainly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans
18、imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival “Hot“ religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party is being reshaped by this revival.
19、 Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushs vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100% ratings from the Christian Coalition.I
20、t is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that theres a T
21、hird Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is taking a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, Such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from
22、 Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called The Purpose-Driven Life, who is sending 2 000 missionaries to Rwanda.Finally, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassina
23、tion of Hugo Chavez, the president of Venezuela. Lieu- tenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defence for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian groups that radical Muslims hate America “because we re a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He of
24、ten wore uniform.（分数：10.00）(1).The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from _.A terrorist attacks B American reliance on deityC intractable reason D multiple factors（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “in kind“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denote
25、s _.A “with something tender“ B “with kindness“C “out of charity impulse“ D “with something similar/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _.A the European Union B the religious establishmentC the special adviser D the elites（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).With wh
26、ich of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?A Americas foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose.B In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bound to be fruitless.C The growing di
27、sparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged.D Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be com- promised by means non-violent means.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author evidences his own notion by advancing _.A f
28、our factsB far-fetched pretextsC random hypothesisD powerful preachers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the deg
29、ree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those f
30、ailing in the labor market.Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data als
31、o overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the over-whelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibi
32、lities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of ful
33、ly employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unempl
34、oyed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the i
35、nability to find fulltime work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not nec
36、essarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be cou
37、ntered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debatethat the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the tollowin
38、g does “ labor market problems“ in the first sentenee refer to?A Shortage of jobs providing adequate income.B Deficiencies in the training of the work force.C Trade relationships among producers of goods.D The overall causes of poverty.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author contrasts the 1930s with the pre
39、sent in order to show that_.A more people were unemployed in the 1930sB social programs are more needed nowC unemployment now has less severe effectsD there now is a greater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following proposals best
40、responds to the issues raised by the author?A hmovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite vie
41、w.C New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Th
42、e authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to show thatA there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship resulting from joblessn
43、essC recurrent inadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individual workersD a majority of those who are jobless at any one time does not suffer severe hardship（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to over pr
44、edict the amount of economic hardship is the_.A recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC establishment of a system of record keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD prevalen
45、ce, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, of members of families in which others are employed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A rare provision in San Franciscos business tax code that taxes companies when employees cash in their stock options has caused a stir in this hotbed of fledglin
46、g tech companies. Remarkably, few companies even knew about the tax, which has been in effect for seven years. But since city officials offered Twitter a payroll-tax break as an incentive for it to remain in San Francisco (the company is considered likely to go public soon), the stock-option provisi
47、on has suddenly come under intense scrutiny. A number of other booming companies, including Zings, the maker of online games and one of the citys fastest-growing firms, have threatened to leave the city unless they receive similar payroll-tax exemptions before going public.Unlike most cities, San Fr
48、ancisco generates most of its business tax revenue through a payroll tax. The Twitter exemption bill, which will be considered by the full Board of Supervisors on April 5, would freeze payroll taxes for six years along a strip of Market Streetwhere Twitter is set to relocateand several square blocks
49、 in the Tenderloin neighborhood. Twitter executives had been concerned because since 2004 the citys payroll tax code has counted stock options granted to employees as compensation, which is taxed at 1.5 percent. If Twitter goes public in San Francisco and a large number of workers exercise their options, th
