1、翻译硕士英语学位 MTI 考试北京航空航天大学 2013 年真题及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A _ examination is one which is in preparation for something.（分数：1.00）A.predominantB.prematureC.preferableD.preliminary2.Nazism and Fascism were _ to be thrown into the dump of history.（分数：1.00）A.deposited
2、B.doomedC.damnedD.deserved3.Every month ￥ 3 is _ from our salary for house repairing payment.（分数：1.00）A.excludedB.expelledC.compelledD.docked4.The mayor was asked to _ his speech in order to allow his audience to raise questions.（分数：1.00）A.constrainB.conductC.condenseD.converge5.Although most dreams
3、 apparently happen _, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.homogeneouslyD.instantaneously6.Your story about the frog turning into a prince is _ nonsense.（分数：1.00）A.shearB.sheerC.shieldD.sheet7.It will be safer to walk the streets because peo
4、ple will not need to carry large amounts of cash; virtually all financial _ will be conducted by computer.（分数：1.00）A.transmissionsB.transitionsC.transactionsD.transformations8.The _ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（分数：
5、1.00）A.implementationB.expeditionC.demonstrationD.manifestation9.All visitors are requested to _ with the regulations.（分数：1.00）A.complyB.agreeC.assistD.consent10.The captain _ the horizon for approaching ships.（分数：1.00）A.scannedB.scrutinizedC.exploredD.swept11.The vast majority of people in any give
6、n culture will _ to the established standards of that culture.（分数：1.00）A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm12.If you want this pain-killer, you“ll have to ask the doctor for a _.（分数：1.00）A.receiptB.recipeC.subscriptionD.prescription13.His body temperature has been _ for 3 days, the highest point re
7、aching 40.5 degree centigrade.（分数：1.00）A.uncommonB.disorderedC.abnormalD.extraordinary14.Movie directors use music to _ the action on the screen.（分数：1.00）A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement15.Some children display an _ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.（分数：1.00）A.incredib
8、leB.infectiousC.incompatibleD.inaccessible16.If you _ the bottle and cigarettes, you“ll be much healthier.（分数：1.00）A.take offB.keep offC.get offD.set off17.Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs“ that aren“t really drugs at all _ sugar pills that contain no active chem
9、ical elements.（分数：1.00）A.or ratherB.rather thanC.but ratherD.other than18.David likes country life and has decided to _ farming.（分数：1.00）A.go back onB.go in forC.go through withD.go along with19.Jack was about to announce our plan but I _.（分数：1.00）A.cut him shortB.turned him outC.gave him upD.put hi
10、m through20.Fewer and fewer of today“s workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field, _ the same company.（分数：1.00）A.all elseB.much worseC.let aloneD.less likely21.A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should _ new operating pro
11、cedures.（分数：1.00）A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with22.Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.（分数：1.00）A.in spite ofB.in ways ofC.in favor ofD.in terms of23.It is only when you nearly lose someone _ fully conscious of how much you value him.（
12、分数：1.00）A.do you becomeB.then you becomeC.that you becomeD.have you become24.It“s no good _ him. He is always indifferent towards others“ matters.（分数：1.00）A.to turn toB.turning toC.turn toD.turned to25._ for a long time, the fields are all dried up.（分数：1.00）A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.
13、There having been no rainD.There being no rain26.Your examination results were quite satisfactory, but _ if you had spent less time in playing football?（分数：1.00）A.wouldn“t they have been betterB.wouldn“t they be betterC.won“t they have been betterD.won“t they be better27.Why was the suggestion that
14、she _ to our party rejected the day before yesterday?（分数：1.00）A.be invitedB.to be invitedC.being invitedD.has been invited28._ the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.（分数：1.00）A.He had no sooner openedB.Hardly had he openedC.Scarcely did he openedD.No sooner did he open29._ on a clear day,
15、far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（分数：1.00）A.If walkingB.WalkingC.While walkingD.When one is walking30.We will visit Huangshan next year _ we have enough money.（分数：1.00）A.lestB.untilC.unlessD.provided二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：3，分数：30.
16、00)At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they
17、were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without. In addition many ethnologists at t
18、he turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever. There were, however, arguments against this method as a
19、 way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being “of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory,“ while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were
20、 observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator“s own emotional tone to be reliable. Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to
21、 the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native A
22、merican narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories. Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, ar
23、e likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologists in their editing of the life st
24、ories of Native Americans?（分数：2.00）A.A politician fails to mention in a campaign speech the similarities in the positions held by her opponent for political office and by herselfB.A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock“s valueC.A spo
25、rts announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliarD.A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning dessert(2).According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because _.（分数：2.00）A.life stories provide deep
26、er insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academies who are not members of that cultureB.life stores can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretationsC.ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to chooseD.the collection of life stories doe
27、s not require a culturally knowledgeable investigator(3).Information in the passage suggests that which of the following may be a possible way to eliminate bias in the editing of life stories?（分数：2.00）A.Basing all inferences made about the culture on an ethnological theoryB.Eliminating all of the em
28、otion-laden information reported by the informantC.Translating the informant“s words into the researcher“s languageD.Reporting all of the information that the informant provides regardless of the investigator“s personal opinion about its intrinsic value(4).The primary purpose of the passage as a who
29、le is to _.（分数：2.00）A.question an explanationB.correct a misconceptionC.critique a methodologyD.clarify an ambiguity(5).The passage mentions which of the following as a factor that can affect the accuracy of ethnologists“ transcriptions of life stories?（分数：2.00）A.The informants“ social standing with
30、in the cultureB.The inclusiveness of the theory that provided the basis for the researchC.The length of time the researchers spent in the culture under studyD.The number of life stories collected by the researchersRadiation occurs from three natural sources: radioactive material in the environment,
31、such as in soil, rock, or building materials; cosmic rays; and substances in the human body, such as radioactive potassium in bone and radioactive carbon in tissues. These natural sources account for an exposure of about 100 millirems a year for the average American. The largest single source of man
32、-made radiation is medical X rays, yet most scientists agree that hazards from this source are not as great as those from weapons test fallout, since strontium 90 and carbon 14 become incorporated into the body, hence delivering radiation for an entire lifetime. The issue is, however, by no means un
33、controversial. The last two decades have witnessed intensified examination and dispute about the effects of low-level radiation, beginning with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, which reported in 1958 that “even the smallest amounts of radiation are likely t
34、o cause deleterious genetic and perhaps also somatic effects.“ A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer. Another study revealed a high incidence of childhood cancer
35、in cases where the mother had been given prenatal pelvic X rays. These studies have pointed to the need to reexamine the assumption that exposure to low-linear energy transfer presents only a minor risk. Recently, examination of the death certificates of former employees of a West Coast plant that p
36、roduces plutonium for nuclear weapons revealed markedly higher rates for cancers of the pancreas, lung, bone marrow, and lymphatic system than would have been expected in a normal population. While the National Academy of Sciences committee attributes this difference to chemical or other environment
37、al causes rather than radiation, other scientists maintain that any radiation exposure, no matter how small, leads to an increase in cancer risk. It is believed by some that a dose of one rem, if sustained over many generations, would lead to an increase of 1 percent in the number of serious genetic
38、 defects at birth, a possible increase of 1,000 disorders per million births. In the meantime, regulatory efforts have been disorganized, fragmented, inconsistent, and characterized by internecine strife and bureaucratic delays. A Senate report concluded that coordination of regulation among involve
39、d departments and agencies was not possible because of jurisdictional disputes and confusion. One federal agency has been unsuccessful in its efforts to obtain sufficient funding and manpower for the enforcement of existing radiation laws, and the chairperson of a panel especially created to develop
40、 a coordinated federal program has resigned.（分数：10.00）(1).The primary purpose of the passage is to _.（分数：2.00）A.explain the difference between natural and man-made radiationB.arouse concern about the risks connected with exposure to radiationC.publicize the results of British medical surveyD.advocat
41、e limiting the use of atomic weapons testing, since the fallout is extremely hazardous(2).Which of the following, according to the passage, is a list of three natural sources of radiation?（分数：2.00）A.Radioactive potassium in bone, strontium 90, uranium oreB.Carbon 14 in tissues, cosmic rays, X raysC.
42、Cosmic rays, radioactive potassium in bones, radioactive carbon in tissuesD.X rays, carbon 14, plutonium(3).Which of the following does the author cite in support of the quotation from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation? I. Strontium 90 and carbon 14 become in
43、corporated into the body and deliver radiation for an entire lifetime. II. An abnormally high percentage of patients with arthritis of the spine who were treated with X rays subsequently contracted cancer. III. A high incidence of cancer appeared among children of mothers who had been given prenatal
44、 pelvic X rays.（分数：2.00）A.I onlyB.I, II, and IIIC.I and II onlyD.II and III only(4).According to the passage, some scientists believe that a dose of one rem of radiation continued over a period of generations would _.（分数：2.00）A.raise the strontium 90 levels in the body but otherwise have little effe
45、ctB.relieve the acute suffering of those afflicted with arthritis of the spine without side effectsC.have the effect of increasing by 1 percent the cases of serious genetic defectsD.cause an additional 1,000 per million cases of cancer of the bone marrow or lymphatic system(5).It can be inferred fro
46、m the last paragraph of the passage that the chairperson who resigned from the panel to develop a coordinated federal program for radiation regulation most likely did so because（分数：2.00）A.he or she disagreed with the findings of the Senate committeeB.regulatory efforts have been balked by disputes,
47、confusion, and bureaucratic delaysC.he or she supported the position of the National Academy of Sciences committee and opposed regulation of radiation exposureD.he or she was disorganized and inconsistent in chairing the panelThe age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about
48、harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not
49、take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for transgressions on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism (rules made by authorities must be obeyed) and imminent justice (if rules are broke
