1、翻译英语-4 及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)ARupert BrookeRupert Brooke, one of the leading poets of his generation, wasrenowned as a romantic, unlike many of his contemporaries who 1. _specialized in writing about the pointless of war. 2. _He was born in 1887, the son of a Hous
2、e Master at Rugby,where Rupert attended both the preparatory and main schools. Whenhe went up to Cambridge in 1906 as a classics scholar, he fared badly 3. _in his examinations as his interests laid in literature and theater. 4. _During his time at Cambridge, his wit and good looks ensured hisplace
3、as a member of the elite circle of intellectuals study there. 5. _After university he went to study German in Munich, falling inlove with a sculptress there and working feverishly to begin his first 6. _volume of poetry, which produced a profit within a few weeks of itspublication in 1911.With his e
4、arly success, Brooke often felt unsettled as he 7. _struggled to come to term with the underlying contradictions in his 8. _character. Many times his free spirits and bohemianism conflicted 9. _directly with the innate Puritanism he inherited from his mother. 10. _Because of these he would sometimes
5、 distance himself from hisfellows and adopt an irrational suspicious attitude towards them.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_B1.Crimes of violence appear to be quite _, but psychologists can usually find a motive hidden away in the criminals childhood.（分
6、数：1.00）A.senselessB.sensationalC.nonsensicalD.sensitive2.Researchers discovered that plants infected with a virus give off a gas that _ disease resistance in neighboring plants.（分数：1.00）A.contractsB.maintainsC.prescribesD.activates3.The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the _.（分数：1.00）A
7、timetableB.bulletinC.routineD.agenda4.I couldnt help but _ when I heard his story.（分数：1.00）A.buckleB.diluteC.chuckleD.bruise5.As a way of _ domestic harmony and creating a manageable routine, some couple choose one of the three different styles of household role division : traditional, egalitarian
8、or cooperative.（分数：1.00）A.fosteringB.conferringC.breedingD.establishing6.Just as its more than OK to work overtime when its appropriate, its also more than OK to be alert _ other work that needs to be done.（分数：1.00）A.atB.toC.towardsD.on7.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemn
9、ed criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly _.（分数：1.00）A.delimitedB.loomedC.fosteredD.accumulated8.A brilliant writer can _ a whole scene effortlessly.（分数：1.00）A.invokeB.provokeC.evokeD.stimulate9.I had no _ about speaking the language when I was in Greece; it was driving on the other side o
10、f the road which bothers me.（分数：1.00）A.panicB.quakeC.nervousnessD.qualms10.In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee decided to _ in favor of women for three years.（分数：1.00）A.contradictB.discriminateC.criticizeD.distain11.Aged just four, Josephine Hawkins is
11、already at ease with her computer and the internet, _ clicking her mouse on Disney sites to download images of her favorite characters.（分数：1.00）A.confidentiallyB.confidentlyC.appreciativelyD.conscientiously12.At first she accused me of being a political fanatic, but she soon came round to _ that my
12、ideas were not so ridiculous as she had supposed.（分数：1.00）A.realizeB.realizingC.have realizedD.being realizing13.It is often a mistake to _ appearance: that poor-looking individual is anything but poor. In fact, there is the President of a large multinational corporation with a fortune of 10 billion
13、 dollars.（分数：1.00）A.go overB.go byC.go forD.go with14.A _ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval.（分数：1.00）A.short handB.schemeC.scheduleD.sketch15.All was confusion around him; _ he remained calm and unruffled.（分数：1.00）A.nonethelessB.consequentlyC.otherwis
14、eD.furthermore16.You _ hurt his feelings by saying that, even if“ you thought it.（分数：1.00）A.didnt need toB.neednt toC.hadnt needed toD.neednt have17.If pride in a good name keeps families and neighborhoods straight, a sense of shame is the _ side of that coin.（分数：1.00）A.diverseB.perverseC.reverseD.c
15、onverse18.A middle-aged woman of tremendous _ sat down beside the other patients in the waiting room.（分数：1.00）A.retrogressB.tabacC.girthD.saber19.The Royal Museum contains a _ of the kings famous declaration.（分数：1.00）A.facsimileB.humbugC.wagerD.congeal20.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin o
16、f the universe, it is just _ and needs proving.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical四、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Passage OneThe world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and re
17、aches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corp
18、orations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reform
19、s of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability, of the world economy.I believe that t
20、he most important forces behind the massive M its root was Latin littera, a letter of the alphabet. Litterature, in the common early spelling, was then in effect a condition of reading: of being able to read and of having read. It was often close to the sense of modem literacy, which was not in the
21、language until the late nineteenth century, its introduction in part made necessary by the movement ofliteratureto a different sense. The normal adjective associated with literature was literate. Literary appeared in the sense of reading ability and experience in the seventeenth century, and did not
22、 acquire its specialized modem meaning until the eighteenth century.Literature as a new category was then a specialization of the area formerly categorized as rhetoricand grammar: a specialization to reading and, in the material context of the development of printing, to the printed word and especia
23、lly the book. It was eventually to become a more general category than poetry or the earlier poesy, which had been general terms for imaginative composition, but which in relation to the development of literature became predominantly specialized, from the seventeenth century, to metrical composition
24、 and especially written and printed metrical composition. But literature was never primarily the active compositionthe “ making“which poetry had described. As reading rather than writing, it was a category of a different kind. The characteristic use can be seen in Bacon “learned in all literature an
25、d erudition, divine and humane“and as late asJohnson “he had probably more than common literature, as his son addresses him in one of his most elaborate Latin poems.“ Literature, that is to say, was a category of use and condition rather than of production. It was a particular specialization of what
26、 had hither to been seen as an activity or practice, and a specialization, in the circumstances, which was inevitably made in terms of social class. In its first extended sense, beyond the bare sense of “literacy,“ it was a definition of “polite“ or “humane“ learning, and thus specified a particular
27、 social distinction. New political concepts of the “nation“ and new valuations of the “vernacular“ interacted with a persistent emphasis on “literature“ as reading in the “classical“ languages. But still, in this first stage, into the eighteenth century, literaturewas primarily a generalized social
28、concept, expressing a certain (minority) level of educational achievement. This carded with it a potential and eventually realized alternative definition of literatureas “printed books:“ the objects in and through which this achievement was demonstrated.It is important that, within the terms of this
29、 development, literature normally included all printed books. There was not necessary specialization to “imaginative“ works. Literature was still primarily reading ability and experience, and this included philosophy, history, and essays as well as poems. Were the new eighteenth century novels liter
30、ature? That question was first approached, not by definition of their mode or content, but by reference to the standards of “polite“ or “humane“ learning. Was drama literature? This question was to exercise successive generations, not because of any substantial difficulty but because of the practica
31、l limits of the category. If literature was reading, could a mode written for spoken performance be said to be literature, and if not, where was Shakespeare?At one level the definition indicated by this development has persisted. Literature lost its earliest sense of reading ability and reading expe
32、rience, and became an apparently objective category of printed works of a certain quality. The concerns of a “literary editor“ or a “literary supplement“ would still be defined in this way. But three complicating tendencies can then be distinguished: first, a shift from “learning“ to “taste“ or “sen
33、sibility“ as a criterion defining literary quality; second, an increasing specialization of literature to “creative“ or “imaginative“ works; third, a development of the concept of “tradition“ within national terms, resulting in the more effective definition of “a national literature.“ The source of
34、each of these tendencies can be discerned from the Renaissance, but it was in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that they came through most powerfully, until they became, in the twentieth century, in effect received assumptions.（分数：10.00）(1).When did the modern concept of “literature“ emerge?（
35、分数：2.00）A.In the seventeenth century.B.In the eighteenth century.C.In the nineteenth century.D.In the twentieth century.(2).What did literature mean in its earliest sense?（分数：2.00）A.Reading abilityB.Reading ability and experienceC.Writing abilityD.Reading and writing(3).What is the earliest adjectiv
36、e associated with literature?（分数：2.00）A.Literary.B.Literate.C.Literacy.D.Literal.(4).What challenged the definition of literature as reading in the eighteenth century?（分数：2.00）A.The emergence of novels.B.The emergence of dramas.C.The emergence of poems.D.The emergence of essays.(5).Which of the foll
37、owing can best serve as the title of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The Development of the Concept of Literature.B.The Development of the Modern Concept of Literature.C.The Development of Literature.D.The Development of Literacy.Passage Three“A writers job is to tell the truth,“ said Hemingway in 1942. No
38、other writer of our time had so fiercely asserted, so pugnaciously defended or so consistently exemplified the writers obligation to speak truly. His standard of truthtelling remained, moreover, so high and so rigorous that he was ordinarily unwilling to admit secondary evidence, whether literary ev
39、idence or evidence picked up from other sources than his own experience. “I only know what I have seen,“ was a statement which came often to his lips and pen. What he had personally done, or what he knew unforgettably by having gone through one version of it, was what he was interested in telling ab
40、out. This is not to say that he refused to invent freely. But he always made it a sacrosanct point to invent in terms of what he actually knew from having been there.The primary intent of his writing, from first to last, was to seize and project for the reader what he often called “the way it was.“
41、This is a characteristically simple phrase for a concept of extraordinary complexity, and Hemingways conception of its meaning subtly changed several times in the course of his careeralways in the direction of greater complexity. At the core of the concept, however, one can invariably discern the op
42、eration of three aesthetic instruments ; the sense of place the sense of fact and the sense of scene.The first of these, obviously a strong passion with Hemingway, is the sense of place. “Unless you have geography, background,“ he once told George Anteil, “You have nothing. “ You have, that is to sa
43、y, a dramatic vacuum. Few writers have been more place-conscious. Few have so carefully charted out the geographical ground work of their novels while managing to keep background so conspicuously unobtrusive. Few, accordingly, have been able to record more economically and graphically the way it is
44、when you walk through the streets of Paris in search of breakfast at corner caf or when, at around six Os clock of a Spanish dawn, you watch the bulls running from the corrals at the Puerta Rochapea through the streets of Pamplona towards the bullring.“When I woke it was the sound of the rocket expl
45、oding that announced the release of the bulls from the corrals at the edge of town. Down below the narrow street was empty. All the balconies were crowded with people. Suddenly a crowd came down the street. They were all running, packed close together. They passed along and up the street toward the
46、bullring and behind them came more men running faster, and then some stragglers who were really running. Behind them was a little bare space, and then the bulls, galloping, tossing their heads up and down. It all went out of sight around the corner. One man fell, rolled to the gutter, and lay quiet.
47、 But the bulls went right on and did not notice him. They were all running together. “This landscape is as morning-fresh as a design in India ink on clean white paper. First is the bare white street, seen from above, quiet and empty. Then one sees the first packed clot of runners. Behind these are t
48、he thinner ranks of those who move faster because they are closer to bulls. Then the almost comic stragglers, who are “really running. “ brilliantly behind these shines the “little bare space,“ a desperate margin for error. Then the clot of running bullsclosing the design, except of course for the man in the gutter making himself, like the designers initials, as inconspicuous as possible.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Hemingways primary purpose in telling a story was _.（分数：2.00）A.to construct a well-told story
