1、考博医学英语-391 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Comp(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：3，分数：15.00)（分数：5.00）A.Members of the club are required to register when they arrive.B.They can bring up to three quests.C.They should register their quests.D.Show membership cards on arrival.A.For 30 minutes on
2、ly.B.For one hour only.C.Within the booked time only.D.Longer than the booked time.A.Degree requirement.B.University links.C.Government agreements.D.Company projects.A.Orderliness.B.Creativeness.C.Tightness.D.Convenience.A.Change his diet.B.Take a different kind of medicine.C.Ask another doctor abou
3、t the problem.D.Do special knee exercises.（分数：5.00）A.She needs a new hat and gloves.B.The weather will continue to be cold.C.She doesn“t know what the weather will be like tomorrow.D.She doesn“t know where the man put his winter clothes.A.The woman shouldn“t make him feel bad.B.The woman should help
4、 him write a report.C.He doesn“t want to take the woman out.D.He feels responsible for the woman“s mood.A.She“d rather not discuss her problems.B.She has been healthy.C.It“s hard for her to explain her problems.D.She“s sorry she didn“t come back sooner.A.Make a list of what she needs to do.B.Schedul
5、e an eye exam without delay.C.Order an appointment book.D.Get over her fear of eye doctors.A.Professor Smith hasn“t arrived yet.B.She“s sorry she“s late.C.She doesn“t know if anyone called.D.She“ll call Professor Smith in a few minutes.（分数：5.00）A.Count her money.B.Go to the seminar with the man.C.He
6、lp the man learn to manage his money.D.Pay for the seminar.A.She never keeps other people waiting.B.She wants the man to help her with her assignment.C.She“s upset that the man didn“t tell her he“d be late.D.She“s glad that the man phoned her.A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Econo
7、mic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.A.4000.B.5000.C.1300.D.3100.A.Beijing.B.Guangzhou.C.Shanghai.D.HongKong.三、Section B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.He was with a patient.B.He was away on vacation.C.He was talking to his secretary.D.He was operating.A.Hi
8、s false teeth weren“t fit.B.He broke his legs.C.His feet were badly hurt.D.He cut his fingers.A.For a few days.B.For a few weeks.C.For a few months.D.For almost a year.A.Angry.B.Sympathetic.C.Indifferent.D.Annoyed.A.This morning.B.This afternoon.C.Before lunch.D.After lunch.五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.
9、00)（分数：5.00）A.A normal baby responded to the stimuli impassively.B.A normal baby“s reaction to the sound was phlegmatic.C.A group of nurses took care of the blind infants at the medical center.D.Some of the blind infants were able to respond to their mothers“ voice.A.The scientists tested them in th
10、e medical center.B.The blind infants were visited by research workers every two weeks.C.The blind infants were made to compare with the normal infants.D.Their mothers were invited to tickle them.A.They reacted with smiles to hugging from their mothers.B.They were tested for almost a year.C.They lack
11、ed in feeling to the sound.D.They were happy with their families.A.A group of scientists and nurses.B.The communities.C.The infants“ mother.D.The local medical center.A.The blind infants“ behavior was without feeling or emotion.B.The blind infants“ behavior was insensible but ardent.C.The blind infa
12、nts“ behavior lacked energy and vigor.D.The blind infants“ behavior took a long time in respond to a stimulus.六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）A.Biomedical engineers.B.Nursing students.C.Students of philosophy.D.Mechanics.A.During the first year of college.B.During the second year of college.C
13、.After the second week of classes.D.Just before the final exam.A.The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation.B.The mind is too complex to be considered part of the “vital force“.C.The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.D.The mind may function se
14、parately from the brain.A.Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.B.Take an article home and read it.C.Transfer to the introductory class.D.Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.A.Mechanism is the view that all life phenomena can be explained according to chemical and physical laws.B.M
15、echanism can impossible be supported through scientific experimentation.C.Mechanism is the view that the modem science tends to be mechanism.D.Mechanism is a kind of philosophical approach.七、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)1.Professor Taylor“s talk has indicated that science
16、 has a very strong _ on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.（分数：0.50）A.motivationB.perspectiveC.impressionD.impact2.The manager spoke highly of such _ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.（分数：0.50）A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics3.The news
17、paper did not mention the _ of the damage caused by the fire.（分数：0.50）A.rangeB.levelC.extentD.quantity4.Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _ to his confusion.（分数：0.50）A.extendedB.amountedC
18、.addedD.turned5.Who is _ personnel at present?（分数：0.50）A.in the charge ofB.under charge ofC.under the charge ofD.in charge of6.I caught a _ of the taxi before it disappeared around the comer of the street.（分数：0.50）A.visionB.glimpseC.lookD.scene7.She was so _ in her job that she didn“t hear anybody k
19、nocking at the door.（分数：0.50）A.attractedB.absorbedC.drawnD.concentrated8.It has been revealed that some government leaders _ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.（分数：0.50）A.employB.takeC.abuseD.overlook9.I“d _ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the
20、 community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.（分数：0.50）A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out10.They claim that _ 1,000 factories closed down during the economic crisis.（分数：0.50）A.sufficientlyB.approximatelyC.considerablyD.properly九、Section B(总题数：10，分数：
21、5.00)11.Hague was elected as the Conservative Party leader partly because of his ambiguous views on Britain“s position in relation to its partners in the European Union.（分数：0.50）A.ambitiousB.obscureC.appallingD.indifferent12.Her story shows how gentle stubbornness and an indifference to honors and f
22、ame can lead to great achievements.（分数：0.50）A.persuasionB.determinationC.devotionD.reservation13.We have a responsibility to ensure our nation“s continued prosperity and the most sensible way to do this is by investment in basic scientific research.（分数：0.50）A.effectiveB.efficientC.significantD.reaso
23、nable14.All information reported to or likewise obtained by the commission is considered confidential.（分数：0.50）A.in a similar wayB.in another wayC.in a direct wayD.in an unauthorized way15.I would recommend this inn highly on account of its wonderful location.（分数：0.50）A.as a result ofB.because ofC.w
24、ith regard toD.with a view to16.Television advertisements do more than merely reflect dominant ideologies.（分数：0.50）A.exactlyB.faithfullyC.repeatedlyD.simply17.The legislative provision has a great impact on the operations of the department.（分数：0.50）A.lawB.passageC.revisionD.clause18.In spite of a pr
25、oblem with the faulty equipment, some very useful work was accomplished.（分数：0.50）A.imperfectB.temporaryC.emergencyD.reinstalled19.Talks on climate change resumed in the German city of Bonn on July 16 to combat global warming.（分数：0.50）A.focus onB.settle downC.fight againstD.sum up20.Bob believes that
26、 the invasion of the marketplace into the university is undermining fundamental academic values, and that we must act now to halt this decline.（分数：0.50）A.laceB.plugC.ceaseD.digest十、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists b
27、elieve that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible. Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain 1 a protein substance which can act directly 2 the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity, in
28、telligence, imagination, and good 3 . Chemicals found in the brain 4 messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals that 5 mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found 6 . Today the role of chemicals and the protein substance in human behavior is creating much i
29、nterest. Research seems to show that they may help 7 insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great 8 to stimulate the brain to 9 deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They 10 the secret on mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical
30、 way to create a better and more efficient brain.（分数：10.00）A.entertainsB.restrainsC.sustainsD.containsA.againstB.onC.forD.toA.characterB.temperC.spiritD.memoryA.obtainB.acceptC.carryD.receiveA.approachB.affectC.aidD.applyA.so manyB.so muchC.so farD.so goodA.concealB.compressC.confineD.controlA.coura
31、geB.capacityC.authorityD.curiosityA.containB.contestC.conquerD.condemnA.heldB.holdC.are holdingD.will hold十一、Part Reading Compre(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十二、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)At 9:00 in the evening on January 29, just as President George W. Bush was about to begin his first State of the Union address,
32、I gathered with three anxious scientists in a small, windowless laboratory in Worcester, Massachusetts. We were at Advanced Cell Technologya privately owned biotechnology company that briefly made international headlines last fall by publishing the first scientific account of cloned human embryos. T
33、he significance of the achievement was debatable: the company“s most successful embryo had reached only six cells before it stopped dividing (one other had reached four cells, another had reached two)a fact that led to a widespread dismissal, in the media and the scientific community, of ACT“s “brea
34、kthrough“. The work was largely judged to be preliminary, inconsequential, and certainly not worthy of headlines. Many people in political and religious circles, however, had a decidedly different view. They deemed ACT“s work an ethical transgression of the highest order and professed shock, indigna
35、tion, and horror. Nonetheless, ACT was pressing aheadwhich was why I had come to the company“s cloning lab that night in January. The door to the lab was locked; a surveillance camera mounted on the ceiling watched our every move; and the mood was at once urgent and tense. A human egg, retrieved jus
36、t hours earlier from a young donor, was positioned under a microscope, its image glowing on a nearby video monitor. The egg“s chromosomes would shortly be removed, and the scientists in the room would attempt to fuse what remained of the egg with a human skin cell. If the procedure succeeded, the re
37、sult would be a cloned human embryo. Skin cell to embryoit“s one of the most remarkable quick-change scenarios modern biology has to offer. It“s also one of the most controversial. Since the announcement, in 1997, of the cloning of the sheep Dolly, attempts to use human cells for cloning have provok
38、ed heated debate in the United States, separating those who have faith in the promise of the new technology from those who envision its dark side and unintended consequences. Crucial to the debate is the fact that human cloning research falls into two distinct categories: reproductive cloning, a wid
39、ely frowned-on effort that aims to produce a fully formed child; and therapeutic cloning, a scientifically reputable procedure that takes place entirely at the microscopic level and is designed to advance medical therapies and cure human ailments. The two start out the same waywith a new embryo in a
40、 Petri dish. But the scientists I was observing in the lab had no intention of creating a person. Instead they were embarking on an experiment that, if successful, would be a first step toward creating radical new cures for patients like the donor of the skin cellTrevor Ross (not his real name), a t
41、wo-year-old boy afflicted with a rare and devastating genetic disease. The mood in the lab was tense in part because of the uncertain outcome of the experiment. But it was also tense because of concern over what President Bush might say about cloning in his address to the nation. A radio in one corn
42、er of the room was tuned to the broadcast as the scientists began their work, and they were listening carefully: in perhaps no other fields of science are researchers as mindful of which way the political winds are blowing. The ACT scientists had good reason to be concernedwhat they were doing that
43、night might soon be made illegal.（分数：5.00）(1).The author was most probably as _.（分数：1.00）A.an observerB.a secretaryC.a secret agentD.a correspondent(2).According to the author, _.（分数：1.00）A.ACT“s scientists had no intention of creating a personB.ACT“s experiment would be a first step towards creatin
44、g radical new curesC.ACT“s scientists were very mindful of government“s perceptionsD.all the above(3).According to the passage, human cloning is clearly categorized as _.（分数：1.00）A.political and religiousB.reproductive and therapeuticC.debatable and controversialD.preliminary and inconsequential(4).
45、According to this passage, attempts to use human cells for cloning _.（分数：1.00）A.have encouraged those who have faith in the premise of the new procedureB.have criticized those who envision only the dark side and unintended consequencesC.have provoked heated debates in the United StatesD.have made AC
46、T“s work an ethical transgression of the highest order(5).The mood of the ACT“s scientists was tense because _.（分数：1.00）A.what they were doing that night might soon be made illegalB.they would soon make ACT“s breakthroughsC.they would make international headline that nightD.President George W. Bush
47、might come to their lab that night十三、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Modern biology is based on several unifying themes, such as the cell theory, genetics and inheritance, Francis Crick“s central dogma of information flow, and Darwin and Wallace“s theory of evolution by natural selection. In this first un
48、it we will examine these themes and the nature of science. The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxiamander (611-547 B.C.) and the Roman philosopher Lucretius (99-55 B.C.) coined the concept that all living things were related and that they had changed over time. The classical science of their time was ob
49、servational rather than experimental. Another ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, developed his Scala Naturae , or Ladder of Life, to explain his concept of the advancement of living things from inanimate matter to plants, then animals and finally man. This concept of man as the “crown of creation“ still plagues modern evolutionary biologists. Post-Aristotlean “scientists“ were constrained by the prevailing thought patterns of the Middle Agesthe inerrancy of the biblical book of Genesis and the special crea
