1、考博英语-235 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.美国财政部长亨利保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事务发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员。 （分数：25.00）_2.地球上散落分布着一百多个互不相连且面积不大的火山活动区，被地质学家称为热区。与大多数火山不同
2、的是，它们都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的连接处，许多反倒藏于板块的深处。大多数热区移动极其缓慢，有时，板块滑过这些热区，便留下死火山的痕迹。热区及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。 板块漂移现在已是无可争辩的了。以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新物质嵌入洋底，两个大陆距离越来越远。虽然远隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸线和好像跨越过海的地质特征，会使人想到这两个大陆曾是连成一片的。带着两个大陆漂移的板块做相对运动，这已得到详细说明，但不能把一个板块相对于另一板块的运动简单地解释为板块与地球内部之间的运动。人们还不能确定两个大陆是否在朝相反的方向运动，也不能确定是否是一个大陆原地不动，另一个大陆正在离它而去。
3、位于地壳深处的热区提供了解决这一问题的测量仪。从热区的人口情况分析来看，似乎非洲板块是固定的，三千万年过去了也没有移动。 热区的重要意义并不仅在于它们所起到的参照物的作用。现在看来，它们还对推动板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理过程有重要影响。当大陆板块漂移到热区上方，从地壳深处涌出的物质便会使板块凸起，形成巨大圆盖。圆盖不断增大，板块出现深深的裂痕。起码有几次，大陆险些沿着这些裂痕完全裂开了。因此，热区理论解释了新海洋的成因。这样，正如早期一些理论已经解释了大陆的可移性一样，热区理论或许可以解释大陆板块的不稳定性。 （分数：25.00）_3.清晨 3:45 进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后
4、16 小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(即澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以 15 票通过对10 票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。” 这一立法的深刻意义可能要过一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重
5、负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员及澳大利亚医学会成员则进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下。 依据澳北州所通过的这个新法案，成年病人可要求安乐死大概是注射致死针剂或服用致死药物以结束痛苦的煎熬。但此前须经两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓。病人经过七天“冷静思考”时间，方可签署一份申请证明。48 小时后，其安乐死愿望才能得到满足。对于居住在达尔文的现年 54 岁的肺癌患者尼
6、克逊来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须终日惧怕将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。“从思想上说，我并不怕死，而怕的是怎样死。”他说，“我曾看见医院里的病人，死前抓挠氧气罩，为一口氧气苦苦挣扎”。 （分数：25.00）_4.去美国访问的人经常带回报告说，大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人。公平地说，人们对加拿大和加拿大人也有这样的评论。最好应该视其为北美普遍存在的现象。当然也有例外，在美国，心胸狭隘的官员、举止粗鲁的招待及缺乏教养的出租车司机也并不罕见。但由于人们常得出上述结论，那就值得议论一番了。 在过去很长一段时间，在美国很多地方，旅行者的到来对沉闷的生活有着调节作用。
7、那时人们居住相距遥远，沉闷、孤寂是普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎，能给他们带来消遣娱乐，同时还带来了外部世界的消息。 拓荒者面对的严酷生活现实也促成这一好客传统。独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是选择的问题，对当地来说，这也并非出于要行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷性：如果你不接纳他，那他再找不到别人了。请记住，没准儿哪天你也会面临相同的处境。 现在有了不少慈善组织，专门帮助疲惫不堪的旅行者。但是对陌生人友好的老传统在美国仍盛行不衰，尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。“我刚转了一圈，同这个美国人聊了聊，时间不长，他就请我到
8、他家吃饭真是不可思议。”在来美国的游客中碰到过这类事的人不在少数，但对此并非都能正确理解。许多美国人随意表现出来的友好态度不应看作表面应付或故作姿态，应当视为世界发展形成的一种文化传统。 同任何发达国家一样，所有美国人的社会交往都要受制于一整套复杂的文化特征、信念和习俗。当然，会讲一种语言并不意味着就明白该语言的社会与文化模式，不能正确“诠释”文化意义的旅行者经常得出错误的结论。比如，美国人嘴里的“朋友”，其文化内涵可能与旅行者母语中的“朋友”所指及文化内涵大相径庭。要想分清称呼“朋友”是出自好客的习俗还是出自个人兴趣，只靠在公共汽车上的萍水相逢是不够的。但是，友善是许多美国人大力推崇的美德，
9、他们希望邻人与陌生人也会如此。 （分数：25.00）_考博英语-235 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Translation(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.美国财政部长亨利保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事务发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员。 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：Henry Paulso
10、n, Treasury Secretary, left Shanghai yesterday, where he made an end of the visit to the three countries in Asia. As the chief economic policy consultant and economic affairs spokesman of the America president, Paulson delivered a keynote address in Shanghai Futures Exchange. And the address was vie
11、wed as the latest exposition of the economic policies of the Bush-administration towards China. During the speech, Paulson repeatedly emphasized that China“s economic growth has benefit but no threat to the global economic growth. He declared that America welcomes the development of China to become
12、a member of the global economy.2.地球上散落分布着一百多个互不相连且面积不大的火山活动区，被地质学家称为热区。与大多数火山不同的是，它们都不位于形成地球表面的巨大漂移板块的连接处，许多反倒藏于板块的深处。大多数热区移动极其缓慢，有时，板块滑过这些热区，便留下死火山的痕迹。热区及其火山痕迹是板块移动的标志。 板块漂移现在已是无可争辩的了。以非洲和南美洲为例，由于有新物质嵌入洋底，两个大陆距离越来越远。虽然远隔大洋，但相互吻合的海岸线和好像跨越过海的地质特征，会使人想到这两个大陆曾是连成一片的。带着两个大陆漂移的板块做相对运动，这已得到详细说明，但不能把一个板块相对
13、于另一板块的运动简单地解释为板块与地球内部之间的运动。人们还不能确定两个大陆是否在朝相反的方向运动，也不能确定是否是一个大陆原地不动，另一个大陆正在离它而去。位于地壳深处的热区提供了解决这一问题的测量仪。从热区的人口情况分析来看，似乎非洲板块是固定的，三千万年过去了也没有移动。 热区的重要意义并不仅在于它们所起到的参照物的作用。现在看来，它们还对推动板块在地球表面漂移这一地球物理过程有重要影响。当大陆板块漂移到热区上方，从地壳深处涌出的物质便会使板块凸起，形成巨大圆盖。圆盖不断增大，板块出现深深的裂痕。起码有几次，大陆险些沿着这些裂痕完全裂开了。因此，热区理论解释了新海洋的成因。这样，正如早期
14、一些理论已经解释了大陆的可移性一样，热区理论或许可以解释大陆板块的不稳定性。 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world“s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that m
15、ake up the earth“s surface. On the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passag
16、e of the plates. That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from each other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminder
17、s of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth“s interior. It is not possible to determi
18、ne whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an analysis of the hot spot popula
19、tion it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years. The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the
20、 plates across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks), in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot s
21、pot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstant).3.清晨 3:45 进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后 16 小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(即澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以 15 票通过对10 票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息
22、几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。” 这一立法的深刻意义可能要过一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员及澳大利亚医学会成员则进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自
23、的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下。 依据澳北州所通过的这个新法案，成年病人可要求安乐死大概是注射致死针剂或服用致死药物以结束痛苦的煎熬。但此前须经两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓。病人经过七天“冷静思考”时间，方可签署一份申请证明。48 小时后，其安乐死愿望才能得到满足。对于居住在达尔文的现年 54 岁的肺癌患者尼克逊来说，这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须终日惧怕将要来临的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去。“从思想上说，我并不怕死，而怕的是怎样死。”他说，“我曾看见医院里的病人，死前抓挠氧气罩，
24、为一口氧气苦苦挣扎”。 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia“s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill p
25、atients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group“s on line service, Death NET. S
26、ays Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn“t just something that happened in Australia. It“s world history.“ The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and p
27、ractical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life extending te
28、chnology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Nor
29、thern Territory law, an adult patient can request deathprobably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off“ period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish
30、 for death can be met. For Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally law means he can get on with living without: the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I“m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point
31、of view, but what I was afraid of was how I“d go, because I“ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,“ he says.4.去美国访问的人经常带回报告说，大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人。公平地说，人们对加拿大和加拿大人也有这样的评论。最好应该视其为北美普遍存在的现象。当然也有例外，在美国，心胸狭隘的官员、举止粗鲁的招待及缺乏教养的出租车司机也并不罕见。但由于人们常得出上述结论，那就值得议论一番了。
32、在过去很长一段时间，在美国很多地方，旅行者的到来对沉闷的生活有着调节作用。那时人们居住相距遥远，沉闷、孤寂是普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎，能给他们带来消遣娱乐，同时还带来了外部世界的消息。 拓荒者面对的严酷生活现实也促成这一好客传统。独自旅行时，如果没有了食物，受了伤或生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。对旅行者来说，这不是选择的问题，对当地来说，这也并非出于要行善的一时冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷性：如果你不接纳他，那他再找不到别人了。请记住，没准儿哪天你也会面临相同的处境。 现在有了不少慈善组织，专门帮助疲惫不堪的旅行者。但是对陌生人友好的老传统在美国仍盛行不衰，尤其是在远离
33、旅游热线的小城镇。“我刚转了一圈，同这个美国人聊了聊，时间不长，他就请我到他家吃饭真是不可思议。”在来美国的游客中碰到过这类事的人不在少数，但对此并非都能正确理解。许多美国人随意表现出来的友好态度不应看作表面应付或故作姿态，应当视为世界发展形成的一种文化传统。 同任何发达国家一样，所有美国人的社会交往都要受制于一整套复杂的文化特征、信念和习俗。当然，会讲一种语言并不意味着就明白该语言的社会与文化模式，不能正确“诠释”文化意义的旅行者经常得出错误的结论。比如，美国人嘴里的“朋友”，其文化内涵可能与旅行者母语中的“朋友”所指及文化内涵大相径庭。要想分清称呼“朋友”是出自好客的习俗还是出自个人兴趣，
34、只靠在公共汽车上的萍水相逢是不够的。但是，友善是许多美国人大力推崇的美德，他们希望邻人与陌生人也会如此。 （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be con
35、sidered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was
36、a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped
37、 this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life
38、: if you didn“t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is s
39、till very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing.“ Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are n
40、ot always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, a
41、nd conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meant that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate“ cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses t
42、he word “friend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor“s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many American value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
