1、考博英语-351 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he “never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely“. There is undoubtedly truth in Einsteins observation. Many
2、 artists and geniuses seem to view their schooling as a disadvantage. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. It is the function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a lonely individual whether his or her pioneering be in art, music, science, or technology.
3、The creative explorer of unmapped lands shares with the genius what William James described as the “faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way“. Insofar as schools teach perceptual patterns they tend to destroy creativity and genius. But if schools could somewhat exist solely to cultivate genius, th
4、en society would break down. For the social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits are destructive to creativity. There will always be conflict between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius.（分数：8.00）(1).Albert Einstein once thought that schools _.（分数：2.0
5、0）A.helped develop the creativity of a scientistB.preserved a rare gift for a scientistC.prevented a scientist from thinking freelyD.contributed a lot to science and technology(2).In the authors opinion, schooling meets the need of _.（分数：2.00）A.geniusB.social orderC.faculty of perceivingD.the impuls
6、es of creativity(3).There will always be contradiction between _.（分数：2.00）A.the demands of society and schoolingB.cultivation of creativity and faculty of perceivingC.social unity and schoolingD.creativity and widespread social agreement(4).Which statement best expresses the main idea of the passage
7、?（分数：2.00）A.Einstein and artists have said schools limit creativity and genius.B.Schools should be designed to encourage creativity and social order.C.Explorers and geniuses look at the world differently from the way most people do.D.Schools can never satisfy the needs of both genius and society as
8、a wholThere are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learn
9、s a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not t
10、he road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.In or
11、der to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail“ at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curiou
12、s? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think were slow to adapt to change or t
13、hat were not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if
14、 we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.（分数：8.00）(1).A person is generally believed to have achieved personal growth when _.（分数：2.00）A.he has given up his smoking habitB.he has made great efforts in his workC.he is keen on learning an
15、ything newD.he has tried to determine where he is on his journey(2).In the authors eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would _.（分数：2.00）A.succeed in climbing up the social ladderB.judge his ability to grow from his own achievementsC.face difficulties and take up challengesD.climb high a
16、nd reach his goal each time(3).When the author says “a new way of being“, he is referring to _.（分数：2.00）A.a new approach to experiencing the worldB.a new way of taking risksC.a new method of perceiving ourselvesD.a new system of adapting to change(4).For personal growth, the author advocates all of
17、the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.curiosity about more chancesB.promptness in self-adaptationC.open-mindedness to new experiencesD.avoidance of internal fears and doubtsIn the long run a government will always encroach upon freedom to the extent to which it has the power to do so. This is almost a n
18、atural law of politics, since, whatever the intentions of the men who exercise political power, the sheer momentum of government leads to a constant pressure upon the liberties of the citizen. But in many countries society has responded by throwing up its own defenses in the shape of social classes
19、or organized corporations which, enjoying economic power and popular support, have been able to set limits to the scope of action of the executive. Such, for example, in England was the origin of all our liberties-won from government by the stand first of the feudal nobility, then of churches and po
20、litical parties, and latterly of trade unions, commercial organizations, and the societies for promoting various causes. Even in European lands which were arbitrarily ruled, the powers of the monarchy, though absolute in theory, were in their exercise. checked in a similar fashion. Indeed the fascis
21、t dictatorships of today are the first truly tyrannical governments which western Europe has known for centuries, and they have been rendered possible only because on coming to power they destroyed all forms of social organization which were in any way rivals to the state.（分数：8.00）(1).The main idea
22、of this paragraph is best expressed as _.（分数：2.00）A.limited powers of monarchiesB.the ideal of liberal governmentC.functions of trade unionsD.safeguards of individual liberty(2).The writer maintains that there is a natural tendency for governments to _.（分数：2.00）A.become more democraticB.become fasci
23、stC.suppress trade unions and social societiesD.assume more .power(3).Monarchy was first checked in England by the _.（分数：2.00）A.trade unionsB.churchC.peopleD.nobles(4).Fascist dictatorships differ from monarchies of recent times in _.（分数：2.00）A.setting limits to their scope of actionB.getting things
24、 done by sheer momentumC.promoting various causesD.destroying peoples organizationsForeign propagandists have a strange misconception of our national character. They believe that we Americans must be hybrid, mongrel, undynamic; and we are called so by the enemies of democracy because, they say, so m
25、any races have been fused together in our national life. They believe we are disunited and defenseless because we argue with each other, because we engage in political campaigns, because we recognize the sacred right of the minority to disagree with the majority and to express that disagreement even
26、 loudly. It is the very mingling of races, dedicated to common ideals, which creates and recreates our vitality. In every representative American meeting there will be people with names like Jackson and Lincoln and Isaacs and Sehultz and Kovack and Sartori and Jones and Smith. These Americans with v
27、aried backgrounds are all immigrants or the descendants of immigrants. All of them are inheritors of the same stalwart tradition of unusual enterprise, of adventurousness, of courage-courage to “pull up stakes and git moving“. That has been the great compelling force in our history. Our continent, o
28、ur hemisphere, has been populated by people who wanted a life better than the life they had previously known. They were willing to undergo all conceivable hardships to achieve the better life. They were animated, just as we are animated today, by this compelling force. It is what makes us Americans.
29、（分数：8.00）(1).The title below that best expresses the main idea of this selection is _.（分数：2.00）A.No Common IdealsB.Americas Motivating ForceC.American ImmigrantsD.The Evils of Foreign Propaganda(2).According to the paragraph, our national character thrives because we have _.（分数：2.00）A.immigrant bloo
30、dB.majority groupsC.been uprootedD.driving ambition(3).Foreign propagandists believe that Americans _.（分数：2.00）A.are enemies of democracyB.lack a common heritageC.have a unified national characterD.refuse to argue with each other(4).Foreign propagandists and the author both agree that Americans _.（分
31、数：2.00）A.are disunitedB.have no common traditionC.come from varied backgroundsD.have the courage of their convicitonsDuring the first year that Mr. Wordsworth and I were neighbours, our conversations turned frequently on the two cardinal points of poetry, the power of exciting the sympathy of the re
32、ader by a faithful adherence to the truth of nature, and the power of giving the interest of novelty by the modifying colours of imagination. The sudden charm, which accidents of light and shade, which moon-light or sunset diffused over a known and familiar landscape, appeared to represent the pract
33、icability of combining both. These are the poetry of nature. The thought suggested itself-(to which of us I do not recollect)-that a series of poems might be composed of two sorts. In the one, the incidents and agents were to he, in part at least, supernatural. And the excellence aimed at was to con
34、sist in the interesting of the affections by the dramatic truth of such emotions, as would naturally accompany such situations, supposing them real. And real in this sense they have been to every human being who, from whatever source of delusion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural a
35、gency. For the second class, subjects were to be chosen from ordinary life. The characters and incidents were to be such as will be found in every village and its vicinity, where there is a meditative and feeling mind to seek after them, or to notice them, when they present themselves.In this idea o
36、riginated the plan of the Lyrical Ballads, in which it was agreed, that my endeavors should be directed to persons and characters supernatural, or at least romantic. Yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imag
37、ination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment, which constitutes poetic faith. Mr. Wordsworth, on the other hand, was to propose to himself as his object, to give the charm of novelty to things of every day, and to excite a feeling analogous to the supernatural, by awakening the minds
38、attention to the lethargy of custom, and directing it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world before us. And inexhaustible treasure, but for which, in consequence of the film of familiarity and selfish solicitude, we have eyes, yet see not, ears that hear not, and hearts that neither feel nor
39、 understand.（分数：8.00）(1).Mr. Coleridge, the author this passage, felt that one characteristic of his poetry in Lyrical Ballads was its emphasis on _.（分数：2.00）A.ordinary lifeB.natureC.the supernaturalD.the lethargy of custom(2).Familiarity ofter _.（分数：2.00）A.breeds contemptB.is an exhaustible treasur
40、eC.has novel elementsD.hides the beauty of the surroundings(3).Mr. Coleridge wrote _.（分数：2.00）A.none of the poems in Lyrical BalladsB.some of the poemsC.half of the poemsD.most of the poems(4).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.Suspension of BeliefB.Great CollaborationC.Adherence to Nat
41、ureD.The Poetry of Nature二、Part English-Chine(总题数：1，分数：20.00)21. Next to Sir Andrew in the clubroom sits Captain Sentry, a gentleman of great courage, good understanding, but invincible modesty. He is one of those that deserve very well, but are very awkward at putting their talents within the obser
42、vation of such as should take notice of them. He was some years a captain, and behaved himself with great gallantry in several engagements and at several sieges, but having a small estate of his own, and being next heir to Sir Roger, he has quitted a way of life in which no man can rise suitably to
43、his merit, who is not something of a courtier as well as a soldier. 22. I have heard him often lament that in a profession where merit is placed in so conspicuous a view, impudence should get the better of modesty. When he had talked to this purpose, I never heard him make a sour expression, but fra
44、nkly confess that he left the world because he was not fit for it. 23. A strict honesty, and an even regular behavior, are in themselves obstacles to him that must press through crowds, who endeavor at the same end with himself, the favor of a commander. 24. He will, however, in his way of talk excu
45、se generals for not disposing according to mens deserts, or inquiring into it. For, says he, that the great man who has a mind to help me, has as many to break through to come at me, as I have to come at him: therefore he will conclude that the man who would make a figure, especially in a military w
46、ay, must get over all false modesty, and assist his patron against the importunity of other pretenders, by a proper assurance in his own vindication. He says it is a civil cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military fear to be slow in attacking when it is your
47、 duty. With this candor does the gentleman speak of himself and others. The same frankness runs through all his conversation. The military part of his life has furnished him with many adventures, in the relation of which he is very agreeable to the company, for he is never overbearing, though accust
48、omed to command men in the utmost degree below him, nor ever too obsequious, from a habit of obeying men highly above him.（分数：20.00）_三、Part Chinese-Engli(总题数：2，分数：20.00)1.爱情被认为是文学作品的永恒主题，中西方文化都产生了许多以爱情为主题的伟大作品。我国伟大的古典小说家曹雪芹所著的红楼梦和“英国文学之父”威廉莎士比亚的罗密欧与朱丽叶，都是以爱情为主题的文学作品。曹雪芹于 18世纪末期完成红楼梦，而莎士比亚的作品于 20世纪初期才传人中国。因此，曹雪芹的红楼梦并未受到罗密欧与朱丽叶的影响。莎士比亚生活在 1617 世纪的英格兰，他自然无缘见识红楼梦。可是，这两位生活于不同世纪、不同文化背景下的文坛巨人的作品中，却存在着许多共同之处。（分数：10.
