1、考博英语-511 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.Since the matter was extremely, _ we dealt with it immediately.（分数：0.50）A.toughB.tenseC.urgentD.instant2.Your advice would be _ valuable to him, who is at present at his wits end.（分数：0.50）A.exceedinglyB.excessivelyC.extensivelyD
2、.exclusively3.My father has been on the _ in this factory for nearly 20 years.（分数：0.50）A.paypacketB.payoffC.payrollD.payment4.She was complaining that the doctor was _ too much for the treatment he was giving her.（分数：0.50）A.expendingB.offeringC.costingD.charging5.I hope that youll be more careful in
3、 typing the letter. Dont _ anything.（分数：0.50）A.lackB.withdrawC.omitD.leak6._ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.（分数：0.50）A.ByB.OnC.AtD.For7.The local authority _ the company an interest-free loan to start up the new factory.（分数：0.50）A.grantedB.allocatedC.financedD.sponsored8.Im su
4、re he is up to the job _ he would give his mind to it.（分数：0.50）A.if onlyB.in caseC.untilD.unless9.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at _.（分数：0.50）A.dangerB.stakeC.lossD.threat10.The manager spoke highly of such_ as loyalty, courage and truthfuln
5、ess shown by his employees.（分数：0.50）A.virtuesB.featuresC.propertiesD.characteristics11.The prices quoted above do not include any taxes and levies _ upon the personnel by the government of the project-host country.（分数：0.50）A.imposedB.importedC.improvedD.impressed12.The monopoly-capitalist group _ ma
6、ny smaller enterprises last year.（分数：0.50）A.integratedB.mergedC.combinedD.collected13.When he arrived, he found _ the aged and the sick at home.（分数：0.50）A.none butB.none other thanC.nothing butD.no other than14.I felt _ to death because I could make nothing of the chairmans speech.（分数：0.50）A.fatigue
7、dB.tiredC.exhaustedD.bored15.Which sport has the most expenses _ training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?（分数：0.50）A.in place ofB.in terms ofC.by means ofD.by way of16.Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city.（分数：0.50）A.debateB.consultC.disputeD.bargain17.He failed
8、 to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to _ the consequences.（分数：0.50）A.answer forB.run intoC.abide byD.step into18.They are going to have the serviceman _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.（分数：0.50）A.installB.to installC.to be installedD.installed19.When the engin
9、e would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was at _.（分数：0.50）A.wrongB.troubleC.faultD.difficulty20.It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are _ free medical care.（分数：0.50）A.entitled toB.involved inC.associated withD.assigned to二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：15.00)T
10、eachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjust
11、ing to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with
12、so much com petition that it would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can pro- vide (30) opportunities for l
13、eadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back-ground.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young
14、 teens have (34) attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with- out letting the other participants down.（分数：15.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.opinionD.adviceA.strengthenB.acc
15、ommodateC.stimulateD.enhanceA.careB.nutritionC.exerciseD.leisureA.IfB.AlthoughC.WhereasD.BecauseA.assistanceB.guidanceC.confidenceD.toleranceA.claimedB.admiredC.ignoredD.surpassedA.improperB.riskyC.fairD.wiseA.in effectB.as a resultC.for exampleD.in a senseA.displayingB.describingC.creatingD.exchang
16、ingA.durableB.excessiveC.surplusD.multipleA.groupB.individualC.personnelD.corporationA.consentB.insuranceC.admissionD.securityA.particularlyB.barelyC.definitelyD.rarelyA.similarB.longC.differentD.shortA.if onlyB.now thatC.so thatD.even if三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
17、What are those of us who have chosen careers in science and engineering able to do about our current problems?First, we can help destroy the false impression that science and engineering have caused the current world trouble. On the contrary, science and engineering have made vast contributions to b
18、etter living for more people.Second, we can identify the many areas in which science and technology, more considerably used, can be of great service in the future than in the past to improve the quality of life. While we can make many speeches, and pass many laws, the quality of our environment will
19、 be improved only through better knowledge and better application of that knowledge.Third, we can recognize that much of the dissatisfaction we suffer today results from our very successes of former years. We have been so greatly successful in attaining material goals that we are deeply dissatisfied
20、 that we cannot attain other goals more rapidly. We have achieved a better life for most people, but we are unhappy that we have not spread it to all people. We have reduced many sources of environmental disasters, but we are unhappy that we have not conquered all of them. It is our raised expectati
21、ons rather than our failures which now cause our distress.Granted that many of our current problems must be cured more by social, political, and economic instruments than science and technology, yet science and technology must still be the tools to make further advances in such things as clean air,
22、clean water, better transportation, better medical care, more adequate welfare programs, purer food, conservation resources, and many other areas.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that science and technology _.（分数：2.00）A.have caused the current world problemsB.have made life better for more peopleC.wi
23、ll, if not in the past, better peoples life in the futureD.can not bring a better life for most people(2).According to the author, to improve the quality of environment, it is important to _.（分数：2.00）A.call on the public to actionB.pass related lawC.eliminate the destructive effect of science and te
24、chnologyD.use better knowledge of science and technology(3).We are not satisfied because _.（分数：2.00）A.science and technology have created many social problemsB.science and technology have brought about many environmental disastersC.science and technology have made us more distressedD.we expect too m
25、uch of Science and technology at present(4).The author believes that our current problems can be better solved by _.（分数：2.00）A.social, political, and economic meansB.advances in science and technologyC.effective law-makingD.both A and B(5).The author points out that _.（分数：2.00）A.attention should be
26、given to some areas of science and technology to better peoples lifeB.we should not expect science and technology to improve living conditions for all the peopleC.social political and economical means should not interfere with the advances in science and technologyD.we should not use science and tec
27、hnology to achieve material goals五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about ones fellow m
28、an?“Not so,“ say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didnt act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the s
29、ide-walk, is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes“, Or is it really smoke from a fire? Its not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.
30、Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person wont get the help he needs.The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested.“ Some came alo
31、ne. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “tests.“ Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room“ and the room into which she went.Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and cry
32、for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of the ten helped. Of the students in group, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that
33、 others will act. They, themselves, neednt. They do not feel any direct responsibility.Are people bothered by situation where people are in trouble? Yes, scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt that other persons trouble. But they did not ac
34、t. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.（分数：10.00）(1).The purpose of the passage is _.（分数：2.00）A.to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB.to explain when people will act in emergenciesC.to explain what people will do in emergenciesD.to expla
35、in how people feel in emergencies(2).Which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.B.When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.C.A person must take the full responsibility for
36、 the safety of those in emergencies if: he wants to help.D.A person with a heart attack needs the most.(3).The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when _.（分数：2.00）A.they are in pairsB.they are in groupsC.they are aloneD.they are with their friends(4)
37、.The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that _.（分数：2.00）A.they are afraid of emergenciesB.they are reluctant to get themselves involvedC.others will act if they themselves hesitateD.they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help(5).The author suggests t
38、hat _.（分数：2.00）A.we shouldnt blame a person if he fails to act in emergenciesB.a person must feel guilty if be fails to helpC.people should be responsible for themselves in emergenciesD.when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway.六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The rise of “temp“ work has furthe
39、r magnified the decreasing rights and alienation of the worker. It is common corporate Practice to phase out full-time employees and hire temporary workers to take on more workload in less time. When facing a pressing deadline, a corporation may pay $15$20 per hour for a temp worker, but the temp wo
40、rker will only see $ 7 or $ 8 of that money. The rest goes to temp agency, which is usually a corporate chain, such as Kelly Services, that blatantly makes its profits off other peoples labor. This increases profits of the corporations because they can increase a workload, get rid of the employee wh
41、en theyre finished, and not worry about paying benefits or unemployment for that employee. I have had to work with temps a few times in my current position, and the workers only want one thing-a full-time job with benefits. We really wanted to hire one temp I was working with, but we could not offer
42、 her a full-time job because it would have been a breach in our contract with the temp agency that employed her. To hire a temp full-time, we would have had to pay the agency over a thousand dollars. Through this practice and policy, the temp agency locks its temporary workers into a horrible new fo
43、rm of servitude from which the workers cannot break free.Furthermore, corporate powers push workers to take on bigger workloads, work longer hours, and accept less benefits by instilling a paranoia in their workforce. The capitalist bosses assume dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness amongst workers,
44、 and they breed a sense of guilt and fear through their assumptions. Where guilt doesnt seep in, bitterness, anger, and depression take over, the highest priorities of Big Business are to increase profits and limit liabilities. Personal relations and human needs are last on their list of priorities.
45、 So what we see is a huge mass of people who are alienated, distempered, over- worked, mentally and physically iii and who spend the vast majority of their time and energy on their basic survival. They are denied a chance to really “love“, because they are forced to make profits for the capitalists
46、in power.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can NOT be listed as a reason for corporations hiring tern porary workers and phasing out full-time employees?（分数：2.00）A.Corporations intend to leave more workload to temporary workers.B.Temp workers are generally well-trained and can achieve high effici
47、ency.C.Corporations can reduce their production cost by employing temp workers.D.Corporations can benefit a great deal from keeping a small full-time work forc(2).According to the first paragraph, which statement is true?（分数：2.00）A.Temp workers seem to be satisfied with their conditions.B.Temp agenc
48、ies have made it possible for temp workers.C.Temp workers are fairly paid by their agencies.D.Its difficult for temp workers to be employed as full-time workers.(3).The main purpose of the last paragraph is to _.（分数：2.00）A.show how much the capitalist bosses distrust temp workersB.reveal that temp w
49、orkers are living in miseryC.arouse readers hatred for the capitalistsD.severely criticize the ignorance of the temp workers(4).The authors attitude toward the temp workers can be described as _.（分数：2.00）A.amicableB.depressedC.sympatheticD.hostile(5).The word “liabilities“ in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.risks in hiring temp workersB.duties distributed to workersC.responsibiliti
