1、考博英语-518 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary the one-man music revolution that was Elvis Presley: Marilyn Monroe, the walking, talking male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, whil
2、e hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more important.And those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humour and doing a job well. All qualities epitomized by James Bond.Of course, Bond was always
3、 more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch th
4、at doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin VI2 Vanquish with all the optional extras youve come to expect, a personal jet glider, the list is endless.There are those who are disgusted by the Bond films unbridled glorification of the evils of sexism, racism, ageism and extreme violence, but i
5、ts never that simple.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage each production of a Bond film is _.（分数：1.00）A.lavishB.sparingC.increasingly expensive to makeD.difficult to finance(2).Which of the following is not typical of James Bond?（分数：1.00）A.He performed his work calmly and efficiently.B.He had an i
6、ron will.C.He was unemotional.D.He had a tendency to boast.(3).It is known from the passage that post-war Britain was _.（分数：1.00）A.anarchic and dangerousB.exhausted and filthyC.chaotic and violentD.mysterious and thrilling(4).Judging by the context, the word “stately“ in the first paragraph means _.
7、（分数：1.00）A.shabbyB.makeshiftC.impressiveD.dilapidated(5).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.When Fan Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would shake the entire world.B.In the Bond films, England is always portrayed as stylish, elegant and classy.C.
8、Fan Fleming began to write his spy stories before World War II.D.James Bond seldom epitomized Britshness.五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The current political debate over family values personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government a
9、ssistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen welfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to l
10、osers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that “winners“ in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lore-a family that takes care of its own, carves out a
11、future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these “family values“ arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but ne
12、ver questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing their independence from the government.The myth of family self-reliance is not compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. “We always stood on o
13、ur own two feet“, my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didnt know that the land came so
14、 cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 million acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major western logging companies land, and when some of
15、these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled down to a few early settlers who were able to purchase them inexpensively.Like my grandparents, few families in American history-whatever their “values“ have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead,
16、they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social support structures set up by governing authorities, whether those authorities were the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonial America, or the judicial and legislative bodies established by
17、the Constitution.At Americas inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitabl
18、e work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ludicrous to colonial and revolutionary thinkers but dangerously parochial.（分数：5.00）(1).Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role in _.（分数：1.00）A.heightening individual or family dependence on government assista
19、nceB.reducing individual or family dependence on government assistanceC.magnifying individual or family dependence on government assistanceD.causing political debate over personal responsibilities(2).It can be concluded that the writers grandfathers family purchased their land _.（分数：1.00）A.expensive
20、lyB.from the railroad companyC.with the help of governing authoritiesD.with no help of governing authorities(3).It can be inferred from the passage that in early America _.（分数：1.00）A.people competed with each other fiercely for landB.many people worked for the railroad companiesC.quite a few familie
21、s made it on their ownD.social and personal interdependence was indispensable to Americans(4).The word “parochial“ in the last paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.minbleB.absurdC.insularD.liberal(5).The writers attitude toward the idea of American family values is _.（分数：1.00）A.criticalB.objectiveC.indiffer
22、entD.casual六、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：5.00)One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. Its striking clamor dominates our lives. It shots at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers, waves to us from every page of the newspaper p
23、icks at our sleeves on the escalator, signals to us from the roadside billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights all night. It has forced on us a whole new conception of the successful man as a man no less than 20 % of whose mail consists of announcements of giant carpet sales.
24、Advertising has been among Englands biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure?Perhaps the answers is that advertising saves the manufactures from having to think about the customer. At the stage of
25、 designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors. So they just go ahead and
26、make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find olevon ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness, if the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is clever.Ot
27、her manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged forever. If therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or tile pitch made
28、by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.The advertising man has to combine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions. Church, Bar, and Medicine, The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present,
29、indeed mandatory, in all, is the kill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as log
30、ical exposition, a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. Ellis apparently scientific approach enables hi
31、s nations believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does “Run down? You need.“ “No one will dance with you? A dab will make you popular.“Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk used a lamp-post for support rathe
32、r than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority or failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, “As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television.“ Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses
33、uncovered almost as much as anyone else.（分数：5.00）(1).It can be concluded from the passage that modern advertising is authoritative because of the way it _.（分数：1.00）A.interferes with the privacy of our home lifeB.influences our image of the kind of person we ought to be likeC.continually forces us in
34、to buying things we dont wantD.distracts us wherever we go(2).According to the passage, the advertising man must have the ability to _.（分数：1.00）A.exploit customers fearsB.understand customers psychologyC.disguise himself or herself successfullyD.win customers confidence(3).The word “unimpeachable“ i
35、n the last paragraph can be replaced by _.（分数：1.00）A.reliableB.indisputableC.supremeD.recognized(4).The following statements are TRUE except _.（分数：1.00）A.Advertising men dress people up in white coats because it makes their advertisement more convincing.B.Some manufacturers would rather change their
36、 products appeal than change the preduct itself.C.Doctors are most successful when they are both emotional and scientific.D.If advertising agency does advertising authoritatively enough, the manufacturer will surely become prosperous.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the advertisers attit
37、ude is usually based on the hope that customers _.（分数：1.00）A.know deep down what they really wantB.are interested in what is being designedC.are indifferent to what is being advertisedD.are uncritical and impressionabl七、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A child who has once been pleased with tale likes, as
38、a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not led parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it (41) of a book, and, if a parent can produce (42) in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual
39、child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the (43) , one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were mo
40、re often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, (44) the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge deems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of childr
41、en (45) dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear (46) the pleasure of a fear face and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds (4
42、7) they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indulging, his fantasies (48) fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so u
43、nsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their cases (49) sound there should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on broomstick (50) covering a telephone with kissed in the belief that it was their enchanted girl- friend. No fairy story eve
44、r claimed to be a description of the external world and no such child ever believed that it was.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_八、Part Translation(总题数：1，分数：30.00)21.根据“十五”期间的形势和任务，“十五”计划纲要提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是：国民经济保持较快发展速度，经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效，经济增长质量和效益显著提高，为
45、到2010年国内生产总值比 2000年翻一翻奠定坚实基础：国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大发展，社会保障制度比较健全，社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善，对外开放和国际合作进一步发展；就业渠道拓宽，城乡居民收入持续增加，物质文化生活有较大改善，生态建设和环境保护得到加强，科技、教育加快发展，国民素质进一步提高，法制建设取得明显进展。（分数：30.00）_九、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：20.00)22. The Values of Failure（分数：20.00）_考博英语-518 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary the on
46、e-man music revolution that was Elvis Presley: Marilyn Monroe, the walking, talking male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more imp
47、ortant.And those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humour and doing a job well. All qualities epitomized by James Bond.Of course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No e
48、xpense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin VI2 Vanquish with all the optional extras youve come to expect, a personal jet glider, the list is endless.There are those who are disgusted by the Bond films unbri
