1、考博英语-581 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.When he was asked about the missing camera, the boy _ ever seeing it.（分数：1.00）A.refusedB.deniedC.opposedD.pretended2.I had to take a step, even though I understand that that step was in the dir
2、ection of _ rather than success.（分数：1.00）A.prestigeB.coefficientC.catastropheD.compliment3.It is impossible to say how it will take place, because it will happen and it will not be a long process.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneouslyB.consequentlyC.approximatelyD.principally4.I was _ to learn that you are going
3、to spend the summer with your parents in Hong Kong.（分数：1.00）A.disgracedB.distractedC.thrilledD.bleached5.She bought various _ , which later reminded her of the trip to Thailand.（分数：1.00）A.segmentsB.assignmentsC.pestsD.souvenirs6.I _ that you and Jim and Bill have all finished this work.（分数：1.00）A.do
4、ubtB.showC.displayD.suspect7.Being the manager of a large corporation, he has a great deal of _ to deal with every day.（分数：1.00）A.correspondentsB.correspondenceC.incidenceD.dependence8.Nor has Washington yet _ to Mexican demands for a treaty specifying extradition for U. S. officials who disregard t
5、he new stricture.（分数：1.00）A.profanedB.contemplatedC.accededD.manipulated9.You must try your best to _ to the new environment.（分数：1.00）A.adoptB.adaptC.adjustD.affect10.The actors have to _ before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.（分数：1.00）A.cover upB.make upC.paint upD.do up11.T
6、he Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also a large number of social customs.（分数：1.00）A.joinB.takeC.shareD.have12.After lunch I felt _ enough to ask my boss for a rise in my weekly wages.（分数：1.00）A.strongB.bold fearlessC.fearlessD.rash13.Now the _ port city near the mouth
7、of the mighty Yangtze River is hoping to leave its record of turmoil behind and renew its status as the epicenter of Chinese modernization.（分数：1.00）A.flappedB.congestedC.dinedD.dictated14.Confucianism has evolved into a culture of rationalistic traditionalism, a combination of traditional _ and grou
8、p virtues with a pragmatism shaped by the conditions of a new competitive environment.（分数：1.00）A.helmB.assaultC.filialD.derivation15.We have many holidays from the end of March till the beginning of April. They are the best days for _ .（分数：1.00）A.bladeB.coincidenceC.balconyD.entertainment16.The wind
9、 may _ the palms in Langkawi, but windsurfing is the only way to enjoy it. The waters of Phuket are crystal clear, but snorkeling is merely an option.（分数：1.00）A.hauntB.rustleC.peepD.patent17.The terrible noise is _ me mad.（分数：1.00）A.turningB.settingC.drivingD.putting18.Attending to a wife and six ch
10、ildren _ most of his times.（分数：1.00）A.gives upB.eats upC.takes upD.breaks up19.Shes fainted. Throw some water on her face and she may soon _ .（分数：1.00）A.come roundB.come backC.come againD.come out20.Laura, who comes from a wealthy family, spends most of her time enjoying herself, but takes _ pains w
11、ith her lessons.（分数：1.00）A.littleB.fewC.a littleD.a few21.Special may be too impoverished a word to describe this triumph for a man who climbed to the pinnacle of sport from _ beginnings as the sponsor of a roller-hockey team.（分数：1.00）A.providentialB.illicitC.obscureD.urbane22.Quite a lot of people
12、watch TV only to _ time.（分数：1.00）A.wasteB.spendC.killD.while23.The news you told me the other day has yet to be _ .（分数：1.00）A.affirmedB.informedC.conformedD.confirmed24.Bill couldnt _ an answer when the teacher asked him why he was late.（分数：1.00）A.come up withB.come overC.come onD.come up to25.An en
13、larged prostate may _ the bladder and pinch off the urethra, causing pain and difficulty with urination.（分数：1.00）A.collaborateB.compressC.botherD.boil26.He has just _ to a letter from a friend of his in Japan.（分数：1.00）A.answeredB.offeredC.returnedD.replied27.She felt a bit _ in the autumn air so she
14、 went in to fetch a coat.（分数：1.00）A.chillyB.freshC.shiveringD.cool28.People are waiting for _ of whether the man is innocent or not.（分数：1.00）A.predictionB.perturbationC.expeditionD.confirmation29.An area of rich forests was _ to life.（分数：1.00）A.advantageousB.decorativeC.attractedD.privileged30.He is
15、 such a _ that he built a porch for his house last summer during his vacation.（分数：1.00）A.productiveB.versatileC.authoritativeD.solitary31.As a _ major, he enjoyed working in the steel plant.（分数：1.00）A.metallurgyB.geologyC.astronomyD.seismology32.In _ , the whole tangled saga is a classic case of ser
16、ious allegations falling through the cracks between federal, state and local jurisdictions and between state lines.（分数：1.00）A.countenanceB.retrospectC.gaugeD.injection33.The nurse _ the doctor in the operation room.（分数：1.00）A.insistedB.resistedC.assistedD.persisted34.As the clouds drifted away an ev
17、en higher peak became _ to the climbers.（分数：1.00）A.visibleB.obviousC.apparentD.plain35.He _ that he has discovered a new planet.（分数：1.00）A.permitsB.claimsC.classifiesD.confesses36.Colour-blind people often find it difficult to _ between blue and green.（分数：1.00）A.separateB.compareC.distinguishD.contr
18、ast37.Veteran track trainer Johnson is scathing in his _ of the leaders of the I. O. C. , “These people are megalomaniacs. They are power-hungry administrators. “（分数：1.00）A.heredityB.helicopterC.appraisalD.flame38.“Our life is _ away by detail. Simplify, simplify. “ That dictum of Henry David Thorea
19、us, echoing from the days of steamboats and ox-drawn plows, had long haunted me.（分数：1.00）A.fritteredB.quenchedC.reproachedD.scouted39.The view from the 23rd floor of the sleek tower on Barcelonas Avenida Diagonal _ opaquely as summer smog oozes across the Olympic landscape below.（分数：1.00）A.subtracts
20、B.shimmersC.simulatesD.repents40.The area is _ with trails, some as wide as boulevards, that have been cut and maintained by elephants.（分数：1.00）A.blackmailedB.latticedC.isolatedD.galloped三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)“Dimpy,“ as her friends call her, heard about the ha
21、zards of smoking in health class. “They showed pictures of lungs of people who smoked. It was gross,“ says the petite 14-year-old. Yet, as she shops along the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica, Calif. , the ninth grader points out all the places where she regularly buys cigarettes without hassl
22、e. “All my friends smoke,“ She shrugs, explaining the habit she developed in the sixth grade. “Once they pressure you, you start. And its kind of hard to stop. “As the cigarette industry draws increasing fire, teen smokers like Dimpy are becoming the focus of concerned policy makers around the count
23、ry. Supported by a University of Michigan study showing a dramatic rise in adolescent tobacco use, the White House is considering ways to curb the surge. Among the options: eliminating cigarette vending machines, restricting tobacco advertising, increasing the federal excise tax on cigarettes and la
24、unching a national media campaign directed at adolescents. A grand jury in New York has begun an investigation to determine whether Philip Moms Cos. concealed information linking nicotine levels and addictiveness. And the Justice Department is looking into whether tobacco company executives committe
25、d perjury in their April 1994 congressional testimony on how smoking affects health.Lack of credibility. But its tough to get an antismoking message through to teens. The California Department of Health Service spends $12 million a year placing antismoking commercials on television, including popula
26、r MTV programs, but many teenagers arent buying the message. Says Erica leona, who will enter eighth grade in the fail, “I dont think those ads work, because Its like a cartoon, its too exaggerated. “In fact, teens seem skeptical about the potential effectiveness of any organized efforts to reduce s
27、moking, like increasing taxes. While research shows that every time taxes go up, sales go down, including among teens, young people say the cost is relatively low in comparison with.other vices. “You want weed, itll cost you,“ says Robert Caldwell, 14. “For cigarettes, you just go anywhere, put 12 q
28、uarters into one of those machines, take it and go. “ Other teens maintain that eliminating vending machines wont make cigarettes any harder to buy. “You give a guy enough to buy you a pack and a beer, and hell buy the pack,“ says Cameron Davis, 13. And advertising isnt really what entices adolescen
29、ts to smoke. For the most part, they say, teens smoke because of peer pressure. “Its like sex. “ says 13-year-old Frances, who started smoking at age 9. “You feel like, if you dont do it with your boyfriend, he wont like you. “In addition, messages that relate to health dont compute with adolescents
30、, who often feel invincible. It doesnt help, says Roxanne Cannon, editorial director of Teen and Sassy magazines, that so many teen idols such as Ethan Hawke, Jason Priestley and Luke Perry are seen smoking.Teens say any message is more effective if its communicated by Other kids. But eyen a White H
31、ouse appeal made by Chelsea Clinton might not get through to adolescents eager to smoke. “I dont listen to my morn when she tells me to stop,“ says Dimpy. “Why would I listen to anyone else./（分数：5.00）(1).Dimpy, the girl named in this passage _ .（分数：1.00）A.began to smoke when she was elevenB.became t
32、he focus of concerned policymakers because she has been smoking for quite a few yearsC.showed pictures of gross lungs of smokers to her fellow pupilsD.forgot the shops where she usually obtained her cigarettes(2).The efforts against adolescents smoking doesnt have desirable effect mainly because _ .
33、（分数：1.00）A.the anti-smoking advertisements are not convincing owing to their exaggerationB.the teenage smokers developed the habit of smoking out of the compulsory pressure from their schoolmatesC.smoking is a relatively low-costing bad habitD.one can always get cigarettes in pubs when vending machi
34、nes are removed(3).It would be more effective to persuade the teenager smokers to give up smoking if（分数：1.00）A.the schools showed more pictures of smokers lungs to the teenager smokersB.the cigarette vending machines could be completely eliminatedC.the federal excise tax on cigarettes would be furth
35、er increasedD.the teenager smokers would be convinced by their own fellow pupils(4).It is suggested in the passage that _ .（分数：1.00）A.teenagers are always more willing to accept their parents adviceB.some tobacco manufacturers probably have produced cigarettes with higher levels of nicotine than the
36、y admitC.the White House has already decided to scrap all the cigarette vending machines across the nationD.the Justice Department has found the tobacco company executives guilty of perjury(5).When mentioning the California Department of Health Services efforts m placing antismoking commercials on t
37、elevision, including popular MTV programs, the writer hinted that _ .（分数：1.00）A.the proportion of adolescent tobacco users has dramatically decreasedB.many adolescent smokers are successfully persuaded into giving up smokingC.some teenagers develop the habit of smoking rather than taking weed becaus
38、e cigarettes are relatively cheaperD.teenager smokers are quite certain about the effectiveness of the antismoking campaign五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)“It was the beginning of a revolution in America and the world, a revolution that some have yet to acknowledge and many have yet to appreciate,“ says H
39、arold Skramstad, president of the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. 1776? No indeed. 1896, when Frank Duryea finally perfected the Duryea Motor Wagon. At its first airing, the contraption rolled less than 100 metres before the transmission froze up. But by the end of 1896 Duryea had sold 13 o
40、f them, thus giving birth to the American motor industry.That industry (whose roots, outside America, are usually attributed to tinkerings by Messrs Daimler and Benz in Germany) is being celebrated hugely over the coming months, culminating with a Great American Cruise in Detroit in June. “Our goal
41、is to attract the greatest collection of antique and classic cars this nation has ever seen in one place at one time,“ says Mr. Skramstad modestly.Americans may indeed blame the car for almost everything that has happened to their country, and themselves, since 1896. The car has determined.The way t
42、hey live. From cradle to grave, the car marks every rite of American passage. Home by car from the maternity ward; first driving licence (usually at the age of 16); first (backseat) sexual experience; first car of ones own (and the make of car is a prime determinant of social status, symbolic of eve
43、rything a person is or does). In Las Vegas, and elsewhere, Americans can get married at drive-in chapels. They then buy, or lust after, a house with garages big enough for not one but two or three cars. This allocates more space to cars than to children. And when the time comes, they may lie in stat
44、e at a drive-through funeral home, where you can pay your respects without pulling over.The way they shop. Main Street has been replaced by the strip mall and the shopping mall, concentrating consumer goods in an auto-friendly space. A large part of each shopping trip must now be spent, bags under c
45、hin, searching for the place where the car was left. (And another point: bags have annoyingly lost their carrying handles since shoppers ceased to be pedestrian) Since car-friendly living and shopping became the role, most built-up parts of America now look like every other part. There is simply no
46、difference between a Burger Inn in California and one on the outskirts of Boston.The way they eat. A significant proportion of Americans weekly meals are now consumed inside cars, sometimes while parked outside the (drive-by) eatery concerned, sometimes en route, which leads to painful spillages in
47、laps, leading to overburdening of the legal system. Dozens of laws have been written to deal with car cases, ranging from traffic disputes to product liability. Drive-by shootings require a car, as do most getaways. The car is a great crime accessory; and it als0 causes the deaths of nearly 40,000 A
48、mericans every year.Personal finances. Before the age of the car, few people went into debt; no need to borrow money to buy a home. Now Americans tie themselves up with extended installment loans, and this in turn has spawned a whole financial industry.The wealth of the nation. By 1908, an estimated
49、 485 different manufacturers were building cars in the United States. Employment grew nearly 100-fold in the industry during the first decade of the 20th century. When Henry Ford, in a stroke of genius, automated his production line he required a rush of new, unskilled labour, which he enticed by offering an unheard-of $ 5 a day in wages. Henceforth, wor
