1、考博英语-583 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：40.00)1.Man may destroy the balance of nature, but from time to time, nature takes a terrible_.（分数：1.00）A.attackB.threatC.lessonD.revenge2.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it.（分数：1.00）A.postponeB.refu
2、seC.acceptD.cancel3.The coming of automation is _ to have important social consequences.（分数：1.00）A.likeB.frightfulC.boundD.compelled4.The survey showed that _ numbers of 15-year-olds were already smoking twenty cigarettes a week.（分数：1.00）A.essentialB.steadyC.primaryD.substantial5.Because of recent p
3、olitical and economic upheavals in these countries, it seems likely that the trend will be toward decentralized, Western-style systems.（分数：1.00）A.conceptionsB.innovationsC.chaosD.transitions6.The goals and desires _ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.（分数：1.00）A.swingB.varyC.
4、distinguishD.transfer7.Shy people never _ set out to attract attention of other people.（分数：1.00）A.willinglyB.voluntarilyC.decidedlyD.maintained8.The jet quickly _ into the sky and soon went out of our view.（分数：1.00）A.ascendedB.launchedC.assessedD.descended9.It is not too late, but _ action is needed
5、.（分数：1.00）A.rightB.urgentC.hurryD.prompt10.There has been an increase in attendance at lectures _ by the World Affairs Council, which brings international issues to public attention.（分数：1.00）A.developedB.sponsoredC.advancedD.promoted11.The search for the lost ship must be _ because of poor weather.（
6、分数：1.00）A.releasedB.resignedC.abandonedD.surrendered12.Concerned people want to _ the risk of developing cancer.（分数：1.00）A.takeB.decreaseC.minimizeD.run13.In order to survive now and _ in the future, all the working staff must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business.（分数：1.00）A.
7、maximizeB.thriveC.modernizeD.remain14.Against the hostility of their world, seen or unseen, medieval societies also fell back upon a wide variety of communities vowed to mutual support.（分数：1.00）A.assimilate toB.conform toC.succumb toD.resorted to15.Western scholars generally recognize two main kinds
8、 of riddle: the descriptive riddle and the witty question.（分数：1.00）A.shrewdB.absurdC.controversialD.exhilarating16.Why are some of us good at math, or writing, while others _ at art or basketball?（分数：1.00）A.workB.gazeC.aimD.excel17.The loss of lusitania and so many of its passengers, including 128 U
9、.S. citizens, aroused a wave of indignation in the United States.（分数：1.00）A.perplexityB.wrathC.distressD.skepticism18.The badly wounded soldiers take _ for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt.（分数：1.00）A.priorityB.measuresC.chanceD.responsibility19.Disabled people are now able to care for
10、 many of their own needs, _ educational goals, and maintain jobs.（分数：1.00）A.attemptB.pursueC.realizeD.perform20.The full _ of changes in computer technology will be felt within the next few years.（分数：1.00）A.affectB.impactC.actionD.importance21.His desire to _ other people has caused trouble in his f
11、amily.（分数：1.00）A.pleaseB.dominateC.forceD.urge22.Sometimes artists find it hard for their works to win popular _.（分数：1.00）A.welcomeB.applauseC.appetiteD.appreciation23.Mercury orbits the Sun in 88 Earth days at an average speed of 48 kilometres per second, allowing it to overtake Earth every 116 Ear
12、th days.（分数：1.00）A.precipitateB.stimulateC.overhaulD.rotate24._ is the question of using existing resources to produce original and beneficial solutions, ideas or products.（分数：1.00）A.CreatioityB.ProductivityC.ApplicationD.Combination25.The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a _ impression o
13、n those who have witnessed the explosion.（分数：1.00）A.longB.foreverC.lastingD.lively26.The police _ to emergencies in just a few minutes when the accident happened.（分数：1.00）A.respondedB.repliedC.adjustedD.appealed27.Chemisty is closely _ with other studies: physics, biology and so on.（分数：1.00）A.corres
14、pondedB.concernedC.correlatedD.cooperated28.The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our _ almost two hours later.（分数：1.00）A.destinationB.whitherC.respectD.praise29.The Great Wall is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.（分数：1.00）A.attenti
15、onB.appointmentC.attractionD.interest30.There is a high job mobility among young people as they will _ work one day and find a new job the next.（分数：1.00）A.departB.rejectC.quitD.leave31.Since Japan _ importance to education and technological innovation, its economy has developed at a high speed.（分数：1
16、.00）A.relatesB.appliesC.attachesD.connects32.The car one drives may show his/her _ or social position.（分数：1.00）A.curiosityB.statusC.importanceD.reputation33.The destruction of rainforests has been _ as a disaster for the environment.（分数：1.00）A.blamedB.declaredC.condemnedD.claimed34.The local authori
17、ties seemed to _ for the accident taking place last week.（分数：1.00）A.shareB.takeC.criticizeD.blame35.In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to USD 30 million.（分数：1.00）A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course36.She _ the high unemployment figures as evidence of the failure of t
18、he government policy.（分数：1.00）A.citedB.recitedC.listedD.lifted37.It is our _ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.（分数：1.00）A.consistentB.considerateC.certainD.decisive38.Tom could hardly _ his excitement as he knew that he had made a real discovery.（分数：1.00）A.concealB.revealC.sho
19、wD.discover39.Because of a recent obstacle in production, sales have dropped and accordingly profits have _.（分数：1.00）A.declinedB.increasedC.brokenD.promoted40.It is still not clear what _ a series of argument between them.（分数：1.00）A.contributedB.markedC.ignitedD.triggered二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分
20、数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A mans secretary became his personal
21、 servant, charged with remembering his wifes birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at by; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all this may be changing again. The microchi
22、p and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work-and then men will want to do it again. “T
23、hat was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She noted that all the men she dealt with a
24、ppeared to be gay so possibly that is just new twist to the old story.Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries. Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom-and thats what happened to John Bowman.
25、 Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration job.“I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The girls were reluctant to work for this young,
26、glamorous new woman with all this power in the firm.“I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a job. I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit Ive never met another male secretary. But then I joined the Post Office as a cler
27、k and carelessly played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good1, 000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see.“It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I found she made decisions, she told everyb
28、ody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ring this number for me dear, which men go in for.“Dont forget, we were a team-thats how I feel about in-not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same purpose.“Once high technology has made the
29、job of secretary less routine, will there be made takeover? Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they because they are as efficient and well trained to cope with word processors and computers,
30、 as men.（分数：5.00）(1).Before the First World War, female secretaries were rare because they _.（分数：1.00）A.wore stockingsB.were not as serious as menC.were less efficient than menD.would have disturbed the other office workers(2).A secretary in the future will _.（分数：1.00）A.be better paidB.have less wor
31、k to doC.have higher statusD.have more work to do(3).John Bowman was given his first job as a secretary because _.（分数：1.00）A.he was luckyB.no one else appliedC.he had the best qualificationsD.he wanted to work for a woman(4).When he was a post office clerk, secretaries were better paid because _.（分数
32、：1.00）A.they were in shortageB.they were better trainedC.they worked longer hoursD.they had greater responsibility(5).The writer believes that before long _.（分数：1.00）A.men and women will compete for secretarial workB.men will take over womens jobs as secretariesC.women will operate most office machi
33、nesD.men will be better with machines四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There are four basic types of competition in business that form a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly (商品供应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every com
34、pany has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase.In contrast, in monopolistic competition several companies may compete for th
35、e sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts (折扣) are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales.Olig
36、opoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for ev
37、ery company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual.Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for produ
38、cers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Monop
39、oliesB.The Commodity MarketC.The Competition ContinuumD.The Best Type of Competition(2).An example of a product in monopolistic competition is _.（分数：1.00）A.cornB.electricityC.airline ticketsD.coffee(3).The word “tolerated“ in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by _.（分数：1.00）A.permittedB.reservedC.cr
40、iticizedD.devised(4).What does the author mean by the statement “Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously also usual“?（分数：1.00）A.It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at th
41、e same time.B.It is common for companies to compete for customers by lowering prices.C.Customers may lose money when companies have price wars.D.Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterwar(5).The word “it“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.a product or serviceB.compe
42、titionC.revenueD.oligopoly五、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Kevin Rogers used to be my boss. At that time he was a hardworking, up-and-coming businessman and a real slave-driver, always telling us we had to sell more and more. As soon as I could, I got a job with another company. The last time I saw Rog
43、ers was more than ten years ago. At least thats what I thought until last Thursday. But now Im not so sure.I was on my way back to my office in the center of town. There is a small park nearby which I sometimes walk through after lunch. It was almost empty, except for an unshaven, shabby-looking man
44、 on one of the benches. He looked about fifty years old and was wearing an old, grey overcoat. It was a cold, wintry day, and he was shivering.“Its been a long time since I had a meal. Can you help me?“ he said. There was something about his voice that sounded familiar. I gave him a few coins and he
45、 mumbled something about being grateful. As he stumbled past me, I looked at his face closely. I wondered where I had seen him before. Then it hit me. Could it possibly be “? No! Impossible, I thought I watched him walking away. He was the same height as Rogers but looked a lot thinner than I rememb
46、ered. Then, as he left the park and turned down the street, I caught sight of his face again, this time in profile. Then nose was the same as Rogers, too. I almost followed him but something made me stop. I just couldnt be sure. But the resemblance was very close.Yesterday I run into someone who had
47、 worked for Rogers at the same time I did, and had stayed no longer. I started telling him about the man I had seen in the park. For a moment I thought it was our old boss. The voice, the nose, and even the face were just like Rogers. But it couldnt have been. “Rogers must be the director of a big c
48、ompany by now,“ I said.My ex-colleague shook his head, “I thought you knew.“Knew? Knew what? What are you talking about?“Rogers was sent to prison six years ago. Hes sleeping on park benches and begging money from passers-by./（分数：5.00）(1).It seems that when Rogers was the writers boss, the writer _.
49、（分数：1.00）A.rather liked Rogers.B.admired Rogers ability to sellC.thought Rogers was lazyD.was not very happy in his job(2).When this story begins, the writer _.（分数：1.00）A.was working for a man called RogersB.was on his way to work in the morningC.was going back to work after lunchD.had finished work and was going home(3).When the man in the
