1、考博英语-608 及答案解析(总分：99.50，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.50)1.All the parts of this washing machine are _, so that it is very convenient to replace any of them.A. normalized B. mechanized C. modernized D. standardized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.I was _ to learn that you are going to spend the summer
2、 with your parents in Hong Kong.A. disgraced B. distracted C. thrilled D. bleached（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.At last the girl couldnt bear the self-reproach, so she decided to _ the fraud that made the poor old lady no penny left.A. show up B. show out C. show off D. show through（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.AIDS is c
3、ausing great public concern because the _ fatal disease hits primarily young people.A. invariably B. imperatively C. transiently D. deceptively（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.5.He had a (n) _ habit of emptying ash trays out of his upstairs window on to our doorsteps.A. uneducated B. persuasive C. uncultivated D. o
4、ffensive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.6.If we say something is _ , we mean that we find it extremely pleasant or enjoyable.A. gracious B. gloomy C. gigantic D. gorgeous（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.People are waiting for _ of whether the man is innocent or not.A. prediction B. perturbation C. expedition D. confirmation（分数：
5、1.00）A.B.C.D.8.The worsening financial situation made it obvious that an economic depression was _.A. attainable B. remote C. imminent D. eminent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.9.It can be argued that the problems, even something as fundamental as the ever-increased world population, have been caused by technologi
6、cal advance.A.It can be argued B.fundamental C.ever-increased D.have been caused（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.Desert plants_two categories according to the way they deal with the problem of surviving drought.A. break down B. fall into C. differ in D. refer to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.Those old buildings were _ to ma
7、ke room for a new shopping center.A. rattled B. reproved C. retracted D. razed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.The badly wounded soldiers take _ for medical treatment over those only slightly hurt.A. priority B. measures C. chance D. responsibility（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.13.You have nothing to_by refusing to listen to
8、our advice.A. gain B. grasp C. seize D. earn（分数：1.00）_14.The modern age is a permissive one in which things can be said explicitly, but the old traditon of _ dies hard.A. talkativeness B. exaggeration C. condemnation D. euphemism（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.When the new assembly line is complete, the factory
9、 will turn _ one thousand cars per day.A. in B. off C. out D. over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.As a _ major, he enjoyed working in the steel plant.A. metallurgy B. geology C. astronomy D. seismology（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.The jet quickly _ into the sky and soon went out of our view.A. ascended B. launched C. ass
10、essed D. descended（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.His career _ in his appointment as director.A. contaminated B. culminated C. contracted D. contacted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.What we consider a luxury at one time frequently becomes a _, many families find that ownership of two cars is indispensable.A. fashion B. nec
11、essity C. proclivity D. nuisance（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.20.A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those birds thievish habits.A.A noisy B.aggressive C.those D.habits（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.The electronic computer is _some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains.A. taking care
12、B. taking in C. taking off D. taking over（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are _, existing only until the sunset.A. equitable B. ephemeral C. euphonious D. evasive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.The medieval church condemned mans par
13、taking in _ pleasures.A. educational B. ascetic C. asexual D. sensual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be_.A. broken out B. cancelled out C. ruled out D. wiped out（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.25.In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted i
14、nto ice.A. hauled B. compressed C. compiled D. harnessed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.26.While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.A. helpful B. merciful C. enthusiastic D. intelligent（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.Mr. Jones _ the sale of his hou
15、se which was near the beautiful beach in the lawyers office.A. transposed B. transacted C. transfixed D. transcribed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.Once the price of the land has been _, we can go ahead to build the house.A. agreed on B. agreed to C. agreed at D. agreed with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.When we credit th
16、e successful people with intelligence, physical strength or good luck, we are making excuses for ourselves because we fall _ in all three.A. rare B. lacking C. short D. scarce（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.All the references she has obtained for her doctoral dissertation _ about twenty items.A. make up for B.
17、add up toC. come up with D. put up with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Guthries contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break habits.One application of the threshold method involves the time young children spend on academic activit
18、ies. Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To
19、 apply Guthries theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few weeks the teacher could gradually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold method also can be applied to teaching printing and handwriting. Wh
20、en children first learn to form letters, their movements are awkward and they lack fine motor coordination. The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students letters would spill over t
21、he borders and students might become frustrated. Once students can form letters within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across t
22、he room. The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, give them a large stack of paper, and tell him to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made Several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some student
23、s continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class. To employ the fatigue method, the teacher might decide to have these students continue to nm a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and misbe
24、have in the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. The media center teacher might ask the students to find interesting books and read them while in the center. Assuming that the students find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading b
25、ooks rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments
26、, and debates, in an attempt to involve students and raise their interest in the course.（分数：6.00）(1).The purpose of this passage is to _.A. inform B. persuade C. debate D. narrate（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Guthrie identified three methods for _.A. educating students B. altering bad habitsC. avoiding undes
27、ired action D. forming good hobbies（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food that the child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B. Teachers introduce academ
28、ic content in short blocks of time for young children and gradually increase session length but not to where students become frustrated or bored.C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D. A ch
29、ild might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fun by his parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth. Over
30、 time, watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snacking. What method is used in this example?A. The threshold method. B. The fatigue method.C. The incompatible response method. D. The punishment method.（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).We can draw the conclusion from the passage that _.A
31、. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes exhaustedB. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a response incompatible with the undesired response so they cannot be performed sim
32、ultaneouslyC. The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformed into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes a cue for not performing itD. The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child make response incompatible with unwante
33、d response（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：7.50)Observe the dilemma of the fungus: it is a plant, but it possesses no chlorophyl. While all other plants put the suns energy to work for them combining the nutrients of ground and air into body structure, the chlorophylless fungus must look else
34、where for an energy supply. It finds it in those other plants which, having received their energy free from the sun, relinquish it at some point in their cycle either to other animals (like us humans) or to fungi.In this search for energy the fungus has become the earth s major source of rot and dec
35、ay. Wherever you see mold forming on a piece of bread, or a pile of leaves turning to compost, or a blown-down tree becoming pulp on the ground, you are watching a fungus eating. Without fungus action the earth would be piled high with the dead plant life of past centuries. In fact, certain plants w
36、hich contain resins that are toxic to fungi will last indefinitely. Specimens of the redwood, for instance, can still be found resting on the forest floor centuries after having been blown down.（分数：7.50）(1).The title below that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _.A. Life without Chloro
37、phyl B. The Source of Rot and DecayC. The Harmul Qualities of Fungi D. The Strange World of the Fungus（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(2).The statement “you are watching a fungus eating“ is best described as _.A. figurative B. ironical C. parenthetical D. joking（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The author implies that fungi _.
38、A. are responsible for all the worlds rot and decayB. cannot live completely apart from other plantsC. attack plants in order to kill themD. are poisonous to resin-producing plants（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The author uses the word “dilemma“ to indicate that _.A. the fungus is both helpful and harmful in
39、its effectsB. no one understands how a fungus livesC. fungi are not really plantsD. the fungus seems to have its own biological laws（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.(5).Which word best describes the fungus as depicted in the passage?A. Quixotic. B. Sporadic. C. Enigmatic. D. Parasitic.（分数：1.50）A.B.C.D.五、Passage Thr
40、ee(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U. S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statisti
41、cs, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S. C
42、ensus Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U. S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but withou
43、t significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Socia
44、l Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies
45、 are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401(k) and Keogh retirement pl
46、ans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson Institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, esp
47、ecially for older workers. Among the report s recommendations. Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with g
48、reater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Hudson Institute resear
49、chers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers on the U. S. economy is _.A. constructive B. significant C. inconclusive D. detrimental（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may _.A. do harm to younger generations
