1、考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 16 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.It is important in scientific experiments that the chemicals should be kept at a(n)_temperature of 40 degrees.（分数：2.00）A.constantB.equalC.sameD.definite2.Peasants_ over 80 percent of the Chinese population（分数：2.00
2、）A.makeB.consistC.constituteD.account3.According to the recent census, under-18s _ nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families.(2004 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.composeB.instituteC.prescribeD.constitute4.Only men with strong_should climb in the Himalayas.（分数：2.00）A.willB.constitutionsC.musclesD.l
3、imbs5.You can_different kinds of people, dictionaries or maps, to find out what you wish to know.（分数：2.00）A.contactB.consultC.referD.request6.There I came into_ with some of the finest craftsmen I have ever met.（分数：2.00）A.awarenessB.knowledgeC.operationD.contact7.The suggestion was_in a memorandum p
4、ublished here today.（分数：2.00）A.composedB.mergedC.containedD.absorbed8.The _ of his speech was good, but the form was not.（分数：2.00）A.contentB.essenceC.pointD.subject9.The two countries were fighting severely to_every inch of the land. (2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interveneB.contestC.imperilD.inhabi
5、t10.In some _ “mad“ means “foolish“, in some “angry“, and in others “insane“.（分数：2.00）A.conditionsB.contextsC.circumstancesD.environment11.Our journey was very slow because the train stopped _ at different villages.（分数：2.00）A.continuallyB.continuouslyC.graduallyD.unceasingly12.A_ steelmaking process
6、 is now being developed.（分数：2.00）A.continualB.continuousC.successiveD.consecutive13.In sharp _ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.（分数：2.00）A.contrastB.conflictC.comparisonD.contradiction14.The Chinese Red Cross_ a generous sum to the relief fund for the physically disabled.（分数：2.00）A.
7、assignedB.endowedC.allocatedD.contributed15.That he failed to make any appreciable _ to the cause at the time was due to his youth.（分数：2.00）A.effortB.attemptC.contributionD.propagation16.Abortion(堕胎)in Britain is a highly_ matter: some are strongly for it, some are bitterly against it.（分数：2.00）A.dif
8、ferentB.preferableC.controversialD.troublesome17.A tierce _ was under way over the question of self-government for this small Pacific island.（分数：2.00）A.struggleB.controversyC.discussionD.difference18.After several nuclear disasters, a _has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.(2005 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分
9、数：2.00）A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy19.Shopping bags are provided for the customers_.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.dutyC.convenienceD.comfort20.Our new house is very_ for me as I can get to the school in five minutes.（分数：2.00）A.convenientB.comfortableC.availableD.practical21.White is the_ color
10、of a wedding gown.（分数：2.00）A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.conventional22.The_ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.(2006 年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version23.A good teacher must know how to _his ideas.（分数：2
11、.00）A.conveyB.displayC.conceiveD.disclose24.These pollutants can be _ hundreds and eve thousands of kilometers by large air masses.(2003 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.containedB.conveyedC.contaminatedD.conserved25.Its very difficult to_the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language. (2013 年10 月中国科学院考博试
12、题)（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.transferC.convertD.convey考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 16 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.It is important in scientific experiments that the chemicals should be kept at a(n)_temperature of 40 degrees.（分数：2.00）A.constant B.equalC.sameD.definite解析：解析：constan
13、t a始终如一的，不变的；不断的，连续发生的；忠实的(朋友)(如：Hes been constant in his devotion to scientific studies)。equal(to)a.相等的，同样的：平等的；胜任的。samea.相同的，一样的(same 必须与 the 连用)。definite a.明确的，确切的；肯定的。2.Peasants_ over 80 percent of the Chinese population（分数：2.00）A.makeB.consistC.constitute D.account解析：解析：constitute vt.组成，构成，形成(如
14、：Seven days constitute a weekUSinterference in the internal affairs of other countries constitutes a real threat to world peace)。make up 构成，占(多大比例)。consist of 由组成，由构成(consist 是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语；consist of 只表示“由组成”，不能表示“构成”)。account for 构成，占(多大部分)。3.According to the recent census, under-18s _ nearly 95
15、% of the single children in Chinese families.(2004 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.composeB.instituteC.prescribeD.constitute 解析：解析：本题中，constitute 意思是“组成、构成”，constitute 的主语可以是复数名词，也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上或者在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。如：England,Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland constitute the United Kingdom(英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔
16、兰组成联合王国园。)compose 在表示“由材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一，而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。institute 的意思是“创立”；prescribe 的意思是“规定”。四个选项中，只有 D 项符合题意。4.Only men with strong_should climb in the Himalayas.（分数：2.00）A.willB.constitutions C.musclesD.limbs解析：解析：constitution n.体质，素质；结构。5.You can_different kinds
17、 of people, dictionaries or maps, to find out what you wish to know.（分数：2.00）A.contactB.consult C.referD.request解析：解析：consult vt.请教，向咨询。6.There I came into_ with some of the finest craftsmen I have ever met.（分数：2.00）A.awarenessB.knowledgeC.operationD.contact 解析：解析：contact n.vt.接触，联系。7.The suggestion
18、 was_in a memorandum published here today.（分数：2.00）A.composedB.mergedC.contained D.absorbed解析：解析：contain vt包含，容纳，里面装有。8.The _ of his speech was good, but the form was not.（分数：2.00）A.content B.essenceC.pointD.subject解析：解析：content n.内容；含量(注：该词作不可数名词只有在提到“内容与形式”formand content比的时候才用；般情况下在谈到“的内容”和“书的目录”
19、时要用复数形式)。essence n.本质，实质，要素。point n.(讲话等的)要点。subject n主题，题目：学科，科目。9.The two countries were fighting severely to_every inch of the land. (2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.interveneB.contest C.imperilD.inhabit解析：解析：四个选项的意思分别是：intervene 干涉，干预；contest 竞争，争夺；imperil 危机，使陷入危险：inhabit 居住，占据。根据句子意思可知，正确答案是 B 选
20、项。如：The seat was being hotly contested among the politicians(政客们正在激烈地争夺那个席位。)10.In some _ “mad“ means “foolish“, in some “angry“, and in others “insane“.（分数：2.00）A.conditionsB.contexts C.circumstancesD.environment解析：解析：context n上下文，语境(如：You can often tell the meaning of a word fromits contextAn idio
21、m is best learned in contextWe should try to see the matter in its historical context)。condition n(先决)条件；(pl.)环境。circumstance n.(与某个人物或事件相联系的)条件，情况；(pl.)境遇，经济状况。environment n环境，自然环境，周围状况。11.Our journey was very slow because the train stopped _ at different villages.（分数：2.00）A.continually B.continuou
22、slyC.graduallyD.unceasingly解析：解析：continually ad.不断地，频频地。continuously ad.连续不间断地。12.A_ steelmaking process is now being developed.（分数：2.00）A.continualB.continuous C.successiveD.consecutive解析：解析：continuous a.连续不断的；不断延伸的。13.In sharp _ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.（分数：2.00）A.contrast
23、 B.conflictC.comparisonD.contradiction解析：解析：contrast n.对比，对照(in contrast towith 与形成对比；by contrast with与比较起来)。conflict n争论；抵触；冲突。14.The Chinese Red Cross_ a generous sum to the relief fund for the physically disabled.（分数：2.00）A.assignedB.endowedC.allocatedD.contributed 解析：解析：contribute(to)vt捐献，捐助，贡献。
24、15.That he failed to make any appreciable _ to the cause at the time was due to his youth.（分数：2.00）A.effortB.attemptC.contribution D.propagation解析：解析：contribution(to)n.贡献；促成作用；投稿文章。16.Abortion(堕胎)in Britain is a highly_ matter: some are strongly for it, some are bitterly against it.（分数：2.00）A.differ
25、entB.preferableC.controversial D.troublesome解析：解析：controversial a.引起争论的，有争议的(a controversial matterpersonspeechdecision)。different(from)a不同的。preferable(to)a.更可取的，更好的，更合意的。troublesome a.讨厌的，麻烦的，令人烦恼的。17.A tierce _ was under way over the question of self-government for this small Pacific island.（分数：2.
26、00）A.struggleB.controversy C.discussionD.difference解析：解析：controversy(onaboutover)n.(尤指文字形式上的就重大社会、道德、政治问题所进行的)争论，辩论。18.After several nuclear disasters, a _has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.(2005 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controversy 解析：解析：本题空格处是说展开了一场关于核能源安全性的辩论。D
27、 项“controversy 论争，辩论，论战”符合题意，如：give rise to much controversy(引起许多争论)。其他三项“quarrel 吵架，反目，怨言；suspicion 猜疑，怀疑；verdict(陪审团的)裁决，判决，判断”都不正确。19.Shopping bags are provided for the customers_.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.dutyC.convenience D.comfort解析：解析：convenience n.方便，便利；方便条件，便利条件(如：He thinks only of his own conve
28、nienceWill the timeplace suit your convenience?at sbs convenience 在某人方便的时候；to sbs convenience 对某人合适)。facility n.便利，容易；(pl.)设备，设施。duty n.职责；责任，义务。comfort n.舒适；安慰。20.Our new house is very_ for me as I can get to the school in five minutes.（分数：2.00）A.convenient B.comfortableC.availableD.practical解析：解析：
29、convenient(tofor)a.方便的(注：该词只能用于修饰时间或地点是方便的，而不能以人作主语，如可以说 The timeplace is very convenient tofor me；而不能说 Im very convenient to work here)。comfortable a.舒适的，舒服的。available(to)a.可利用的，可获得的；可(与某人)联系上的。practical a.实际的，实用的。21.White is the_ color of a wedding gown.（分数：2.00）A.normalB.ordinaryC.commonD.convent
30、ional 解析：解析：conventional a.普通的，常见的；习惯的，常规的(如：“Good morning”is a conventional greetingconventional rulesweapon)。normal a.正常的，平常的；正规的。ordinary a.通常的，普通的；平庸的，平淡的。common a平常的，普通的；共同的。22.The_ of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.(2006 年中国矿业大学
31、考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.conversion B.conventionC.conversationD.version解析：解析：四个选项中， A 项 conversion 的意思是“改变，转变，变换”，B 项 convention 的意思是“会议，大会，全体与会者”，C 项 conversation 的意思是“会话，谈话：非正式会谈”，D 项 version的意思是“译文，译本”。根据题意，A 项为正确答案。23.A good teacher must know how to _his ideas.（分数：2.00）A.convey B.displayC.conceiveD.discl
32、ose解析：解析：convey vt.传达，表达；传送，运送，输送(如：I cant convey my feelings inwordsHis tone conveyed his real feelingsWires convey electricity from power stations to the user)。display vt.陈列，展览；显示。conceive v.构想出，设想(of)；认为(that)；怀孕。disclose vt揭露，泄露，透露。24.These pollutants can be _ hundreds and eve thousands of kilom
33、eters by large air masses.(2003 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.containedB.conveyed C.contaminatedD.conserved解析：解析：本题是说这些污染物可以被大风带走上百甚至上干公里。B 项的“convey 运载，传送”符合题意，如：convey the supplies to the warehouse(把物资运送到仓库)。其他三项“contain 包含，含有；contaminate 使受污染；conserve 使不变质，不受损或保护”都不正确。25.Its very difficult to_the exact meaning of an idiom in a foreign language. (2013 年10 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exchangeB.transferC.convertD.convey 解析：解析：A 项“exchange”意为“更换，交换”；B 项“transfer”意为“改变，转变”；C 项“convert”意为“使转变、使转化”：D 项“convey”意为“传播、传递，表达、传达”，本句是说用外语表达成语的含义，因此选择 D 项。
