1、考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 28 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Some commanders found _ for not carrying out their orders.（分数：2.00）A.causesB.excusesC.descriptionsD.exceptions2.We cannot_ our influence unless we have an organ.（分数：2.00）A.executeB.applyC.playD.exercise3.Jim had t
2、o_all his strength to pull the man out of the river.（分数：2.00）A.exerciseB.disposeC.exertD.exhaust4.The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social authority“ has become dogma to many academic interest groups who have been _ themselves to substitute their authority for that of the practicing scient
3、ists.(2006 年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.grudgingB.exertingC.swarmingD.detesting5.After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels_.（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exhaustingC.exhaustiveD.exhausted6.The_ include paintings and photos showing the life of the people.（分数：2.00）A.exhibitsB.exhibitionsC.displaysD.shows7.Many
4、 species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer in _.（分数：2.00）A.existenceB.survivalC.lifeD.reality8.A tyre_ when you pump air into it; it shrinks when the air is gone.(2014 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exploresB.expandsC.exploitD.exposes9.Weve just installed a fan to_ cooking smells from the
5、 kitchen.(2006 年中南大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exileB.expelC.ejectD.exclude10.Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in _.(2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.expirationB.explanation
6、C.expertiseD.expenditure11.The professor gave _ instruction to the whole class so as to make every student understand how to conduct the experiment in the lab.(2004 年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.explicitB.afflictiveC.authoritativeD.oblivious12.You must_every opportunity to learn new things.（分数：2.00）A.exercis
7、eB.executeC.exertD.exploit13.Many Europeans _ the Continent of Africa in the 19th century.（分数：2.00）A.exploredB.probedC.searchedD.toured14.In her new novel, “Annabel “, reviewed this week in the magazine, Kathleen Winter _the nature-nurture divide.(2013 年 10 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.outgrowsB.exploresC.
8、perceivesD.contends15.Is it advisable to_ our body to the sunlight?（分数：2.00）A.revealB.displayC.exposeD.show16.Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.（分数：2.00）A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure17._both in working life and everyday living to different se
9、ts of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.(2002 年 3 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.RecreationB.TransactionC.DisclosureD.Exposure18.I could tell he was surprised from the_ on his face.（分数：2.00）A.appearanceB.sightC.expressionD.feature19.On a small farm in a dry climate one should
10、not grow crops that need _ space and a lot of water to ripen.（分数：2.00）A.considerableB.significantC.extensiveD.quantitative20.The primary objective of Basic Econometric, is to provide an elementary but a comprehensive introduction to the art and science of econometrics.(2003 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.br
11、iefB.preciseC.simplifiedD.extensive21.Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing_,toradio.(中国科学院 2011 年 3 月试题)（分数：2.00）A.extentB.scopeC.scaleD.range22.A wonder drug was_ from this common herb as a cure tor cancer.(2007 年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.gambledB.deducedC.extrac
12、tedD.injected23.The environmental balance among ecological communities is exceedingly complex. (2003 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.almostB.successfullyC.extremelyD.rarely24.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned
13、 Aborigines.(2002 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.entailedB.fabricatedC.cleansedD.precluded25.In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.faceB.timeC.eventD.course考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编 28 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数
14、：25，分数：50.00)1.Some commanders found _ for not carrying out their orders.（分数：2.00）A.causesB.excuses C.descriptionsD.exceptions解析：解析：excuse n.借口，理由。2.We cannot_ our influence unless we have an organ.（分数：2.00）A.executeB.applyC.playD.exercise 解析：解析：exercise vt运用，行使。execute vt实施，执行；处死，处决。apply vt应用，运用。p
15、lay vt扮演，演出。3.Jim had to_all his strength to pull the man out of the river.（分数：2.00）A.exerciseB.disposeC.exert D.exhaust解析：解析：exert vt.使出(力气等)；运用(影响，权力)，施加(压力)。exercise vt.运用(克制、谨慎、耐心、影响)；行使(权力、权利)。dispose v.安排，处理；去掉，丢掉，销毁。exhaust vt.用尽，耗尽；使筋疲力尽。4.The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social a
16、uthority“ has become dogma to many academic interest groups who have been _ themselves to substitute their authority for that of the practicing scientists.(2006 年中国社会科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.grudgingB.exerting C.swarmingD.detesting解析：解析：本题中空白处的意思是这些组织一直竭尽全力要替代前沿领域的科学家们的权威。四个选项中，grudger 的意思是“不给予”；exert 的意思
17、是“尽(力)，施加(压力等)，努力，exert oneself(to do sth)的意思是“努力，尽力”；swarm 的意思是“涌往，挤满，密集”：detest 的意思是“厌恶，憎恨”。四个选项中，只有 B 项符合题意要求。5.After a long walk on a hot day, one often feels_.（分数：2.00）A.exhaustB.exhaustingC.exhaustiveD.exhausted 解析：解析：(注：该答案先从 exhaust 解释起)exhaust vtusefinish all；use up completely；make empty 用尽
18、，耗尽；(引申)使筋疲力尽(to exhaust oneselfones strength by hard work“勤奋工作使自己筋疲力尽”)。be exhausted a.筋疲力尽的。6.The_ include paintings and photos showing the life of the people.（分数：2.00）A.exhibits B.exhibitionsC.displaysD.shows解析：解析：exhibit n.展品。exhibition n展览(会)。display n.vt.陈列，展览。show n展览(会)。7.Many species of ani
19、mals which once lived on the earth are no longer in _.（分数：2.00）A.existence B.survivalC.lifeD.reality解析：解析：existence n存在(be in existence 存在；come into existence 开始存在：go out of existence 不复存在)。survival n幸存，继续生存；幸存者，残存物。in reality 实际上。8.A tyre_ when you pump air into it; it shrinks when the air is gone.
20、(2014 年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exploresB.expands C.exploitD.exposes解析：解析：句意为：当你打气进去，轮胎会胀大；放气了，它就会缩小。根据句意，B 项 expands“膨胀”符合句意，故选 B 项正确。其他三项，contact 缩小：break 破裂；shrink 指新衣服缩水。均不符合句意。9.Weve just installed a fan to_ cooking smells from the kitchen.(2006 年中南大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.exileB.expel C.ejectD.exclude解析：解
21、析：此题考查的还是词语搭配。句子的意思是为排出烹调气味，我们刚在厨房安装了电扇。exile 意为“放逐”，expel 意为“排出”，eject 意为“喷出”，exclude 意为“排斥”，故选 B。10.Human choice, not the intrinsic content of science, determines the outcome and scientists, as human beings, therefore have a special responsibility to provide council rooted in _.(2009 年北京航空航天大学考博试题
22、)（分数：2.00）A.expirationB.explanationC.expertise D.expenditure解析：解析：四个选项的意思分别是：expiration 期满，到期：explanation 解释，说明；expertise 专家意见，专门技术；expenditure 支出，消耗，根据句子意思可知，正确答案是 C 选项。如：His field of expertise was steroids(他的专业领域是甾族化合物。)11.The professor gave _ instruction to the whole class so as to make every stu
23、dent understand how to conduct the experiment in the lab.(2004 年武汉大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.explicit B.afflictiveC.authoritativeD.oblivious解析：解析：本题意为“教授对全班进行了明确的指导，好让每位学生知道如何在实验室做这个试验”.explicit 的意思是“明确的”：afflictive 的意思是“折磨人的”；authoritative 的意思是“有权威的，官方的”：oblivious 的意思是“忘却的，健忘的”。四个选项中只有 A 项为正确答案。12.You must_
24、every opportunity to learn new things.（分数：2.00）A.exerciseB.executeC.exertD.exploit 解析：解析：exploit vt.利用；开拓，开发；剥削。13.Many Europeans _ the Continent of Africa in the 19th century.（分数：2.00）A.explored B.probedC.searchedD.toured解析：解析：explore vt.探险，勘探：探索，探究。probe v.探索，探查，探测(句型：probe sth；probe for sth；probe
25、 into sth)。search(for)vt搜，寻找，探查。tour v.旅行，游历。14.In her new novel, “Annabel “, reviewed this week in the magazine, Kathleen Winter _the nature-nurture divide.(2013 年 10 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.outgrowsB.explores C.perceivesD.contends解析：解析：A 项“outgrows”意为“不再适用”；B 项“explores”意为“探索，探究，调查研究”；C 项“perceives”
26、意为“感知、感觉，认识到、意识到”；D 项“contends”意为“搏斗，争斗”，本句是说作者探讨了先天与后天的区别，因此选择 B 项。15.Is it advisable to_ our body to the sunlight?（分数：2.00）A.revealB.displayC.expose D.show解析：解析：expose(to)vt暴露；揭露；使处于的作用(或影响)下(如：Dont expose the film to lightto expose a spya conspiracyexpose sbto danger)。reveal vt揭露，泄露，让人知道；展现，显示。di
27、splay vt陈列，展览；显示。show vt显示，出示；表明，证明；vi.显现，露面。16.Too much _ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.（分数：2.00）A.disclosureB.exhibitionC.contactD.exposure 解析：解析：exposure(to)n暴露于；曝光；揭露。disclosure(of)n.透露，显。exhibition(of)n展览(会)。contact(with)n接触，联系。17._both in working life and e
28、veryday living to different sets of values, and expectations places a severe strain on the individual.(2002 年 3 月中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.RecreationB.TransactionC.DisclosureD.Exposure 解析：解析：本题是说无论是在工作还是日常生活中，对于不同的价值观念和期待都会使个体很紧张。D项的“Exposure 暴露，置身于”符合题意，如：He nearly died of exposure on the cold mountain(
29、他在寒冷的高山上差一点没有冻死。)其他三项“Disclosure 揭发、泄漏：Transaction 处理、执行；Recreation 消遣、娱乐”都不正确。18.I could tell he was surprised from the_ on his face.（分数：2.00）A.appearanceB.sightC.expression D.feature解析：解析：expression n.(面部)表情，脸色。appearance n.外貌，外观；出现，露面。sight n视力，视觉：情景，奇观；(pl.)风景，名胜。feature n.特征，特色：(pl.)面貌，相貌。19.On
30、 a small farm in a dry climate one should not grow crops that need _ space and a lot of water to ripen.（分数：2.00）A.considerableB.significantC.extensive D.quantitative解析：解析：extensive a.广阔的，广泛的。considerable a.(数量或规模上)相当大的，相当多的。significant a.相当数量的；重要的，意义重大的；意味深长的。quantitative a.(数)量的，定量的。20.The primary
31、objective of Basic Econometric, is to provide an elementary but a comprehensive introduction to the art and science of econometrics.(2003 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.briefB.preciseC.simplifiedD.extensive 解析：解析：本题中。comprehensive 的意思是“全面的，广泛的”。四个选项中，extensive 的意思是“广大的，广阔的”。brief 的意思是“简短的，短暂的”；precise 的意思是“
32、精确的，准确的”；simplified 的意思是“单一的，简单的”。只有 D 项符合题意。21.Sport was integral to the national and local press, TV and, to a diminishing_,toradio.(中国科学院 2011 年 3 月试题)（分数：2.00）A.extent B.scopeC.scaleD.range解析：解析：句子的大意为：全国性和地方性的报纸、电视都离不开体育栏目，在一定程度上，广播也不少不了它。A 项 extent“程度，范围，长度”；B 项 scope“范围，余地，视野”；C 项 scale“规模，比例
33、”：D 项 range“范围，幅度”。只有 A“在一定程度上”可以构成搭配，所以 A 项符台题意。22.A wonder drug was_ from this common herb as a cure tor cancer.(2007 年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.gambledB.deducedC.extracted D.injected解析：解析：四个选项中，gamble 的意思是“以为赌注，把孤注一掷”，deduce 的意思是“演绎，推论”，extract 的意思是“采掘、提取，提炼”，inject 的意思是“插(话)，引入，投入，注射(药液等)”。根据题意，C 项为
34、正确答案。23.The environmental balance among ecological communities is exceedingly complex. (2003 年电子科技大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.almostB.successfullyC.extremely D.rarely解析：解析：本题中，exceedingly 的意思是“非常地，极度地”。四个选项中，extremely 的意思是“极端地，非常地”，almost 的意思是“几乎，差不多：successfully 的意思是“顺利地，成功地；rarely 的意思是“很少地，罕见地”。只有 C 项符合题意。2
35、4.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, _ evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.(2002 年中国科学院考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.entailedB.fabricated C.cleansedD.precluded解析：解析：本题空格处是说伪造证据。B 项的“fabricated 捏造，伪造”符合题意，如：They fabricated evidence and threat
36、ened witnesses(他们伪造证据并威胁目击者。)其他三项“entail需要，使负担；cleanse 清洗，清除：preclude 作为的开头”都不正确。25.In the _ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.(2002 年上海交通大学考博试题)（分数：2.00）A.face B.timeC.eventD.course解析：解析：本题空格处是说“面对这个失败的项目”。in the face of 的意思是“面对”；in time of的意思是“时期”；in the event of 的意思是“如果发生”；in the course of的意思是“在期间”。四个选项中，只有 A 项符合题意。
