1、清华大学真题 2008 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have_A. sufficient B. efficient C. potential D. proficient（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.2.Wed like to_a table for five for dinner this evening.A. reserve B. prosperity C.
2、 sustain D. retain（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.3.Britain has the highest_of road traffic in the world- over 60cars for every mile of road.A. popularity B. prosperity C. intensity D. density（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.4.I would never have_a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.A. sought for B. accounted for C. turned
3、up D. resorted to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.The energy_by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A. transferred B. released C. conveyed D. delivered（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.It is required that during the process great care has to be taken to protect the_silk from damage.A. sensitive B. sensible C. tender D.
4、delicate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.7.To our_, Geoffreys illness proved not to be as serious as we had feared.A. relief B. view C. anxiety D. judgment（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.8.The government will take some action to_the two big quarreling companies.A. jigsaw B. jot C. impulse D. reconcile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.As automat
5、ion became popular in most factories, labor was made_A. destined B. redundant C. diverse D. discontent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.They have_ her unreasonable request for her annual salary.A. destined B. chorded C. repelled D. commenced（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite_qua
6、lified sources of information and examples.A. unbiased B. manipulated C. distorted D. conveyed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.12.It is apparent that winning the scholarship is_of ones intelligence in the field of physics.A. parallelism B. alliteration C. testimony D. rhythm（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.In court he repeated
7、his_that he was not guilty in front of the jury.A. impressions B. alliterations C. clauses D. assertions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.14.Shopping malls have some advantage in suffering from shorter periods of_business.A. stale B. slack C. ferrous D. abundant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.15.According to the Geneva_no prisoner
8、s of war shall be subject to abuse.A. Customs B. Congresses C. Conventions D. Routines（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.16.Before the general election many senior citizens signed the_against the spreading of nuclear arms.A. contract B. petition C. supplication D. potential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.17.Scientists believe that
9、there is not enough oxygen in the Moons atmosphere to_plant life.A. adapt B. personalize C. sustain D. describe（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.18.I cant remember exactly what triggered the explosion but it was prettyA. estimating B. devastating C. reprocessing D. preferring（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.19.The industry has pump
10、ed_amounts of money into political campaigns, making it less and less likely that politicians will deal with the issue sensibly.A. potential B. substantial C. massive D. traditional（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.I was entrusted to_to a newspaper article making predictions for the New Year.A. contribute B. detr
11、act C. convert D. entail（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.21.After 1989 the external_vanished, but the danger to American civilization remained.A. disruption B. menace C. liability D. emergence（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.22.The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the_by various means.A. flight B. plight C. de
12、light D. twilight（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.23.An archaeologist has to pay much attention to_details of an unearthed object.A. miserable B. punched C. minute D. moist（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.24.The girl_her tablemates arm to see if she was fast asleep at class.A. pinched B. punched C. pitched D. preached（分数：0.50）A.B.
13、C.D.25.Most of the local people involved in the affair have been_and dismissed.A. smuggled B. prosecuted C. saluted D. preached（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.I can respect someone who is_for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.A. millennium B. dominant C. accountable D
14、. commercial（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.27.All the products mead in China are sold and distributed in_with the U.S. Export Administration Regulations and also local country rules.A. compliance B. prosperity C. merchandise D. intersection（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.28.One of the main reasons is that the universitys_attrac
15、ts students and faculty staff all over the world.A. fraud B. respondent C. misconduct D. prestige（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.29.Even though the investigation has been going on for two months, the police have_no further details about the accident.A. comprised B. formulated C. released D. incorporated（分数：0.50）A.
16、B.C.D.30.They want to stimulate economic growth in the region by offering_to foreign investors.A. incentives B. abundances C. warriors D. outnumbers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.31.Why be_about that old coat? Theres no point in keeping it just because you were wearing it when you first met me.A. sensitive B. sen
17、sible C. sentimental D. sensational（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.32._and hard work are the cornerstones of this company.A. Mutilation B. Innovation C. Empire D. Strength（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.33.The protests were part of their_against the proposed building development in the area.A. commission B. commitment C. convent
18、ion D. campaign（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.34.Some people seem to_on the pressure of working under a deadline.A. render B. evolve C. prevail D. thrive（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.35.There changes have not been sufficient to_the losses.A. stem B. stimulate C. cause D. compensate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.36.Psychologists believe tha
19、t children are easily influenced by their_.A. conditions B. combinations C. peers D. granaries（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.37.Several_for global warming have been suggested by climate researchers.A. systems B. sentences C. fallacies D. hypotheses（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.38.These natural resources will be_sooner or late
20、r if the present rate of exploitation goes on.A. depleted B. deployed C. inclined D. mingled（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.39.The military operations_yesterday were targeted at the military installations.A. propelled B. commenced C. plagued D. modulated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.40.Artificial intelligence deals partly with
21、 the_between the computer and the human brain.A. profile B. mighty C. analogy D. leakage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Passage OneThere are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly en
22、tertaining. One such game teaches geography and another trains pilots. Others train the player in logical thinking and literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social th
23、emes of violence, sex and crude language,“ says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately. Its a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged from eight to fifteen.“One study showed that almost 90 percent of the computer and online games young peo
24、ple preferred contained violence. The investigators said, “There are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. Were teaching kids in the most incredible manner what its like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.They also said, “The new and more so
25、phisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.“ In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are compelled. A description of t
26、he outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knees and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.“Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies
27、 have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that ki
28、ds who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for
29、television advertising?（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following computer games are NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A. Those that teach how to fly an airplane.B. Those that teach the features of the earth.C. Those that help people use computer language.D. Those that teach computer
30、 technology.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the investigators,_A. the new and more sophisticated games allow the players to take parting real violent actsB. the new and more sophisticated games teach the players how to kill other peopleC. most computer and online games male the players forget the
31、real life resultsD. most computer and online games may cultivate young people with bad manners（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that_A. more and more young people enjoy cruel computer gamesB. it is hard to find evidence of a link between violence and computer gamesC. there are
32、 now more incidents of violence because of computer gamesD. simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author uses“ television advertising“ as an example to show that_A. the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeB. co
33、mputer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real lifeC. there is little link between computer games and increased violence in real lifeD. other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage TwoThe collapse of the Earths mag
34、netic field-which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures-appears to have started about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 per cent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet s
35、lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity (极). The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both that rely on
36、the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the Eur
37、opean Space Agency approved the worlds largest effort at tracking the fields shifts. A group of new satellites called Swarm is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the wea
38、ther,“ said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “Im personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.“No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way
39、, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. This process is known as the geophysical generator. In a
40、 cars generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reverses. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the cl
41、ouds of Jupiter.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, the Earths magnetic field has_A. misguided many a man and animalsB. begun to change to its opposite directionC. caused the changes on the polaritiesD. been weakening its strength for a long time（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).During the transition of the E
42、arths magnetic field_A. compass will become uselessB. man and animals will be confused in directionsC. the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappearD. the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author says “. the public has no reason to panic“ because_A. the tran
43、sition is still thousands of years from nowB. the transition can be precisely predicted by scientistsC. the process of the transition will take a very long time to fnishD. the new transition will come 780,000 years later（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The cause of the transition of the Earths magnetic field co
44、mes from_A. the movement deep inside the EarthB. the periodically reverses of the EarthC. the force coming from outer spaceD. the mechanical movement of the Earth（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Passage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a jarring reminder that in todays world, you never know w
45、hat you might see when you pickup the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger a visceral response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enem
46、y sought to break the morale of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether its a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psycholog
47、ical warfare arent limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also
48、 means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What is psychological terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is predicated upon inducing a climate of fear that is incommensurate with the actual
49、threat,“ says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence. Publicizing that violence becomes an important part of the act itself.“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or th
