1、考研英语(一)-28 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The celebration of the New Year is the oldest one of all holidays. It was first (1) in (2) Babylon about 4,000 years ago. New Years Day is an (3) national holiday, and banks and offices will be closed. Many families have Ne
2、w years Day (4) . Traditionally, it was thought that it could (5) the luck they would have (6) the coming year by (7) they did or ate on the first day of the year. For that reason, it has become common for (8) to celebrate the first few minutes of a (9) new year in the (10) with the family and frien
3、ds. Parties often last into the middle of the night after the ringing of a new year. It was once believed that the first visitor on New Years Day would bring (11) good luck or bad luck to the rest of the year. It was particularly lucky if that visitor (12) to be a tall dark-haired man. Traditional N
4、ew Years (13) are also thought to bring luck. People in many parts of the US celebrate the New Year by (14) black-eyed peas and cabbage. Black-eyed peas have been considered good luck in many cultures. Cabbage leaves are considered a (15) of prosperity, being (16) of paper currency. Other traditions
5、 of the season include the making of New Years resolutions. That tradition also (17) back to the early Babylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the (18) to lose weight or quit smoking. The song, “Auld Lang Syne“, is sung at the (19) of midnight in almost every English-speaking country i
6、n the world to bring in the New Year. “Auld Lang Syne“ literally (20) “yearning for the old days./（分数：10.00）(1).A. remarked B. commented C. observed D. viewed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. prehistoric B. ancient C. past D. old（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. official B. regional C. private D. financial（分数：0.50）A.B.
7、C.D.(4).A. expenses B. sacrifices C. get-togethersD. pursuits（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. recall B. affect C. compromise D. enhance（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. throughout B. during C. through D. within（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. which B. means C. when D. what（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. folks B. adults C. ghosts D. fa
8、rmers（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. logo B. trademark C. calendar D. brand（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. firm B. company C. corporation D. venture（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. neither B. not C. either D. but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. happened B. occurred C. took place D. broke out（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. beverage B. fe
9、edback C. banquets D. foods（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. steaming B. picking C. consuming D. roasting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. symbol B. mark C. hint D. sign（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. genetic B. representativeC. gorgeous D. strict（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. emerges B. exempts C. dates D. departs（分数：0.50）A.B.C.
10、D.(18).A. pronunciationB. revenge C. review D. promise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. stroke B. status C. stereotype D. stride（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. fuses B. means C. coincides D. generates（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite increased
11、 airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checke
12、d-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is. More sophisticated screening technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three mai
13、n approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays that can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can
14、spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have
15、been created to blur genital areas. Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a persons body and clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneous
16、ly analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives. Because this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags
17、 are examined this way. The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structure of the materials it contains. Since every compoundsolid, liq
18、uid or gascreates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosives. For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at airports they must be available at a price that airports are p
19、repared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert with Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies costs around $100,000 per machine; he expects the systems to be ro
20、lled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph and the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs ? A. A generalization is made
21、 in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5. B. More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5. C. Specific evidence is provided in paragraph 1, 2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4. D.
22、Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its_. A. unreliable screening B. full exposure C. inadequate efficiency D. travellersmodesty（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Whic
23、h of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text? A. Their efficiency. B. Their brand. C. Their output. D. Their component.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_. A. new methods to prevent terroris
24、m on aero-planes are not a panacea B. new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 months C. new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airport D. new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “albeit“ in the first sentenc
25、e of the second paragraph most probably means_. A. although B. once C. if D. as（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials sayhave been interrogated w
26、ith “an alternative set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantnamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions. Many of the
27、se menas Mr. Bush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6thare al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can
28、be held secretly (and) questioned by experts,“ the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantnamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been. Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, sayin
29、g only that, though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not to
30、rture : “Its against our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised itand I will not authorise it.“ The Pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnelthough not the CIA. For the fir
31、st time, it specifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning )all practices that have been used at Guantmamo and Abu Ghraib. So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed, because
32、of the Supreme Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American
33、personnel in federal courts.（分数：10.00）(1).In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of_. A. hyperbole B. euphemism C. black humor D. stream of consciousness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks
34、 is_. A. consent B. hesitation C. denial D. approval（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes_. A. refused B. dropped C. dived D. compromised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks_. A. some forms o
35、f degrading treatment of prisoners B. the trials of time by the CIA C. torture by army personnel in Abu Ghraib D. specific ban on “water-boarding/（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to_. A. charity impulse B. economic recession C. domesti
36、c booming D. legal pressure（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer r
37、esources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One studyconducted in Sweden, of all placesshowed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, we
38、re relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities. Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of o
39、ver 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1,500 ($2,850) a year
40、 That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately
41、 for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more than female ones. To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explaine
42、d by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimina
43、tion. Besides pay, her study also looked at the “ glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stages of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and
44、2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair. Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wron
45、g. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterpar
46、ts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “cropped up“ in the first paragraph most probably means_. A. planted B.
47、 thrived C. elevated D. happened（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study? A. Pay discrimination between male and female scientists. B. Fewer resources for research by women scientists. C. The super qualities possessed by male scientists. D. The role of an
48、alyzing the results of a survey.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, the author places interpretation on_. A. a term B. a slang C. a humor D. a motto（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to_. A. make a comparison between the experience of scientists
49、 in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities B. make themselves more eligible for promotion C. make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chair D. make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of followings could be the best title for the text? A. Take the Lead B. Free to Flutter C. The Hardest Move D. Mind the Gap（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Artificial hearts have long been the stuff of scie
