1、考研英语(一)-30 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jawhaving extracted them from t
2、he mouths of his slaves. That“s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evide
3、nce made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation“s ea
4、rly leaders and the fragile nature of the country“s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrongand yet most did little to fight it. More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington a
5、nd Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,“ says Wienc
6、ek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,“ including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional re
7、presentation. And the statesmen“s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisia
8、na Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. Still, Jefferson freed Hemings“s childrenthough not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of th
9、e black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.（分数：20.00）(1).George Washington“s dental surgery is mentioned to（分数：4.
10、00）A.show the primitive medical practice in the past.B.demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C.stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.D.reveal some unknown aspect of his life.(2).We may infer from the second paragraph that（分数：4.00）A.DNA technology has been widely applied to history r
11、esearch.B.in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.C.historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson“s life.D.political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.(3).What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?（分数：4.00）A.His political view changed his a
12、ttitude towards slavery.B.His status as a father made him free the child slaves.C.His attitude towards slavery was complex.D.His affair with a slave stained his prestige.(4).Which of the following is true according to the text?（分数：4.00）A.Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.B.Slave
13、s in the old days did not have the right to vote.C.Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.D.Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.(5).Washington“s decision to free slaves originated from his（分数：4.00）A.moral considerations.B.military experience.C.financial conditions.D.political sta
14、nd.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industryWilliam Shakespearebut there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Thea
15、tre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway“s Cottage, Shakespeare“s birthplace and the other sights. The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly d
16、islike the RSC“s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It“s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making. The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The s
17、ightseers who come by busand often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the sidedon“t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC c
18、ontends, who bring in much of the town“s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall. The townsfolk don“t see it this way and local council does not contri
19、bute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally . Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear
20、Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive. Anyway, the townsfolk can“t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year lon
21、g and this year they“ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low. It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford“s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the
22、 sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to th
23、em when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m（分数：20.00）(1).From the first two paragraphs, we learn that（分数：4.00）A.the townsfolk deny the RSC“s contribution to the town“s revenue.B.the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and offstage.C.the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.D.the townsfol
24、k earn little from tourism.(2).It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that（分数：4.00）A.the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.B.the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.C.the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.D.the playgoers go to no other places in town t
25、han the theater.(3).By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally“ (Para. 4), the author implies that（分数：4.00）A.Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.B.Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.C.the town is not really short of money.D.the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.(4).Accord
26、ing to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because（分数：4.00）A.ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.B.the company is financially ill-managed.C.the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.D.the theatre attendance is on the rise.(5).From the text we can conclude that the au
27、thor（分数：4.00）A.is supportive of both sides.B.favors the townsfolk“s view.C.takes a detached attitude.D.is sympathetic to the RSC.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, g
28、oing off to college on the G.I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with
29、the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish. Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more“ was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people as
30、sociated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies. Mies“s signature phrase means that l
31、ess decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated woodmaterials that we take for granted today but that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies“s sophisticated pr
32、esentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty. The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago“s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smallertwo-bedroom units under 1,000 square feetthan those in their older neighbors along
33、 the city“s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings“ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time. The trend toward “less“ was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s
34、 Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient housesusually around 1,200 square feetthan the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century. The “Case Study Houses“ commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts b.winter-born babies
35、 tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c.soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d.none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes str
36、ongly in “none of the above.“ Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a
37、 random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,“ Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.“This success, coupled with later research showing that memory its
38、elf is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “enco
39、des“ the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concent
40、rating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory
41、experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programmingare nearly always made, not born.（分数：20.00）(1).The birthday phenome
42、non found among soccer players is mentioned to（分数：4.00）A.stress the importance of professional training.B.spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.C.introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.D.explain why some soccer teams play better than others.(2).The word “mania“ (Para. 2) mos
43、t probably means（分数：4.00）A.fun.B.craze.C.hysteria.D.excitement.(3).According to Ericsson, good memory（分数：4.00）A.depends on meaningful processing of information.B.results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.C.is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.D.requires immediate f
44、eedback and a high degree of concentration.(4).Ericsson and his colleagues believe that（分数：4.00）A.talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B.biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C.the role of talent tends to be overlooked.D.high achievers owe their success mostly
45、to nurture.(5).Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?（分数：4.00）A.“Faith will move mountains.“B.“One reaps what one sows.“C.“Practice makes perfect.“D.“Like father, like son.“考研英语(一)-30 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1
46、(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jawhaving extracted them from the mouths of his slaves. That“s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping
47、 George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fath
48、ered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation“s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country“s infancy. More significantly, th
49、ey argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrongand yet most did little to fight it. More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create. For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,“ says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Sla
