1、考研英语(一)-33 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed. (1) until recently, people who were left-handed were considered (2) , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today
2、left-handedness is generally (3) , but it is still a disadvantage in a world (4) most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still (5) for right-handed people.In sports (6) contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot, is often an advantage. Throwing, kicking, punch
3、ing or batting from the “ (7) “ side may result in throwing (8) many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the (9) of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many (10) at a professional level, a (11) proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole.The word “
4、right“ in many languages means “correct“ or is (12) with law- fulness, whereas the words associated (13) “left“, such as “sinister“, generally have (14) associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples, there is (15) close association between death and the left hand.In the past, in (16) W
5、estern societies, children were often forced to use their right hands, especially to write with. In some cases the left hand was (17) behind the childs back so that it could not be used. If, in the future, they are allowed to choose, (18) will certainly be more left-handers, and probably (19) people
6、 with minor psychological disturbances as a result of being forced to use their (20) hand.（分数：10.00）(1).A. Down B. Never C. Up D. Not（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. unique B. eccentric C. normal D. abnormal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. accepted B. admitted C. approved D. acknowledged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. when B
7、. that C. where D. which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. ordered B. designed C. planned D. supposed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. by B. for C. at D. with（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. proper B. indirect C. correct D. wrong（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. away B. down C. off D. up（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. minority B. majority C. plen
8、ty D. lack（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. games B. hobbies C. activities D. rounds（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. more B. higher C. better D. smaller（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. related B. mixed C. connected D. combined（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. by B. with C. to D. at（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. negative B. positive C. sim
9、ilar D. equal（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. the B. any C. some D. a（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. all B. mostly C. any D. most（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. tied B. attached C. brought D. removed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. those B. these C. there D. they（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. on B. more C. greater D. fewer（分数：0.50）A.B
10、.C.D.(20).A. left B. right C. either D. correct（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Scottish countryside will soon be home to creatures which is strange to Britain. This spring, 17 beavers (海狸) will be released into a remote area of r
11、ivers and forests. Hunted to extinction throughout Europe, beavers havent roamed Britains wilderness for almost 500 years. Ecologists would like to invite back other long-lost species to help restore the natural balance. To save the countrys plants from deer, which have doubled to 2 million since th
12、e start of this decade, an Oxford University biologist late last year called for reintroducing the lynx (猞猁)a wildcat that died out in Britain 1,300 years ago.Nature has long been a popular cause in Europe. British people love their countryside of fences and fields, the French their vineyards (葡萄园)
13、and the Germans their hiking forests. But in recent years conservationists have set their sights on the more distant past, when Europes forests and meadows were full of elephants, hippo-potamuses (河马), rhinoceroses(犀牛) and big cats. Some ambitious conservationists are now advocating a return to norm
14、s of wilderness that date back to 11,000 years ago when the biggest mammals were at the top of the food chain.Nobody is advocating allowing elephants and lions to run crazily in this densely populated region. But wilding supporters would give free control to a long list of lesser mammals, including
15、the beaver and the lynx, which some people fear could be destructive. Some landowners withdraw at the thought of beavers cutting down trees with their teeth and flooding their property; the Scottish Parliament rejected several earlier efforts to reintroduce the mammal. Proposals to set loose wolves
16、and bears in Britain have also encountered resistance.Although rhinos and hippos thrived in Europe thousands of years ago, no one is sure what effect they would have on ecosystems now. “The idea of bringing back big mammals is interesting, but when you get down to the nuts and bolts, theres a lot of
17、 questions,“ say some biologists. For example, elephants could destroy what little forest and grassland Europe has left.The beavers of Tierra del Fuego provide a cautionary tale. When a failed commercial fur farm released its few remaining beavers into the wild 60 years ago, the population exploded,
18、 and they are still revenging the local people. Is this Britains future? Supporters say no, the beaver will fit right in. Destroying nature is not a job for the mild.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “roamed“ (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably means _.A. strolled B. released C. cultivated D. exploded（分数：2.00）A.B.
19、C.D.(2).Why did the Oxford University biologist called for reintroducing the lynx late last year?A. Because lynx has died out in Britain 1,300 years ago.B. Because lynx can prevent the vegetation from being destroyed by deer.C. Because there are too many deer in Britain.D. Because the biologist want
20、ed to invite back the long-lost species.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can we learn from Para. 3?A. Not all the people support setting loose wild animals in Britain.B. Some small mammals will be out of control in Britain.C. The landowners dont like beavers because of the possible disasters.D. British Par
21、liament has proposed several times to bring beavers back.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the opinion of the biologists about bringing back the mammals?A. They consider bringing them back to be fantastic.B. They think bringing them back is no easy task.C. They know for sure the result of bringing them b
22、ack.D. They think the mammals will destroy the ecosystem.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can be inferred from the passage?A. Beavers are the most useful mammals to the balance of Britain.B. Lynx may get more freedom in Britain than tigers do.C. The ecosystem in Britain doesnt need any changes.D. Beavers r
23、eleased in Britain will destroy the nature like the beavers of Tierra del Fuego.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? Its probably not what you think. Years of clinical research proves that the real keys are pleasure, joy and fr
24、eedom, not our power of will or austerity (苦行). Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. Theres no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back thats even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoki
25、ng, manage stress better, and love more, they find that they feel so much better, so quickly, it reconstruct the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. Fortunately, the latest studies show how dynamic and powerful are the mechanisms that control our health and well-bein
26、g.When you exercise and eat right: Your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new nerve cells to grow that it actu
27、ally increased the size of peoples brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly. Smoking accelera
28、te aging because nicotine (尼古丁) causes your blood vessel to become narrower, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings in this study was that the mothers perceptions of stre
29、ss were more important than what was objectively occurring in their lives. The researchers made a survey among women and asked them to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them. The women who perceived that they were under heavy stre
30、ss had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres (染色体端粒) compared with those who felt more relaxed. Conversely, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of th
31、e following is the key to sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?A. Joy, freedom and willpower.B. Giving up something for something even better.C. Quitting smoking, loving more and exercising.D. Reconstructing reasons for making changes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, whats the ben
32、efit of exercising and eating right?A. Your brain will be more powerful and you will look younger.B. You will feel more energetic if you have more sleep than usual.C. You will have more willpower to quit smoking.D. Your blood will flow slowly and you will wrinkle prematurely.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Wha
33、t does “prematurely“ (Line 6, Para. 4) mean?A. Before one is mature. B. Before expected time.C. At an inappropriate time. D. Not thoroughly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What can we learn about the study carried out on mothers?A. The stress on mothers changes their understanding of life.B. Mothers put stress
34、 into three levels so that they can be better disposed.C. They feel stress each day and they learn not to let stress control their life.D. The feeling of stress mothers have do affect their physical health.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What conclusion can we draw from the passage?A. Our diet, lifestyle and p
35、erception of stress have great impact on ourselves.B. When we exercise and eat right, only our brain and face are benefited.C. Smokers are more mature than those who dont smoke.D. Mothers are the group who are most easily influenced by stress.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years, resea
36、rchers have struggled to understand why so many women leave careers inscience and engineering. Theories run the gamut (整个范围), from family-unfriendly work schedules to natural differences between the genders. A new paper by McGill University economist Jennifer Hunt offers another explanation: women l
37、eave such jobs when they feel disappointed about pay and the chance of promotion.Her first finding was that women actually dont leave jobs in science at an above average rate. The difference, Hunt found, comes from the engineering sector.Thats not simply because women are exiting the workforce to ra
38、ise families. About 21% of all graduates surveyed were working in a field unrelated to their highest college degree. That proportion held steady for both men and women. Yet in engineering, there was a gap. About 10% of male engineers were working in an unrelated field, while some 13% of female engin
39、eers were. Women who became engineers disproportionately left for other sectors.The survey suggests options such as working conditions, pay, promotion-opportunities, job location and family-related reasons. As it turned out, more than 60% of the women leaving engineering did so because of dissatisfa
40、ction with pay and promotion opportunities. More women than men left engineering for family-related reasons, but that gender gap was no different than what Hunt found in nonengineering professions. “It doesnt have anything to do with the nature of the work,“ says Hunt.The question then becomes why w
41、omen engineers feel so stifled (窒息) when it comes to pay and promotion. Women also left fields such as financial management and economics at higher than expected rates. The commonality, like engineering, those sectors are male-dominated. Some 74% of financial-management degree holders in the survey
42、sample were male. Men made up 73% of economics graduates. And to take one example from engineering, some 83% of mechanical-engineer grads were male.Jennifer Hunt concludes that focusing on making engineering jobs more family-friendly aloneby offering flexible work schedules, saymisses an important p
43、art of the mark. If we desire to keep women working as engineers, whether for their sakes or societys, then a better focus may be creating work environments where women feel more able to climb the career ladder.（分数：10.00）(1).What makes women leave careers in science and engineering according to Jenn
44、ifer Hunt?A. Family-unfriendly work schedules.B. Innate differences between genders.C. Dissatisfaction with the pay and promotion opportunities.D. Insufficient interest in science and engineering.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the survey we can infer that _.A. About 21% of men and 21% of women were worki
45、ng in an unrelated fieldsB. About 10% of male engineers were working in an unrelated fieldC. Some 13% of female engineers were working in an unrelated fieldD. 77% of men and women engineers were working in related field（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the p
46、assage?A. Jennifer Hunt finds women who leave jobs in science are at a higher average rate.B. Working conditions, job location, family-related reasons account for the trend.C. More women than men left their jobs for family-related reasons in all professions.D. The survey shows that 83% of engineer g
47、raduates were male.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why do female engineers feel upset when talking about pay and the chance of promotion?A. Because in a male-dominated field women have no advantage.B. Because women are not good at engineering and science.C. Because fewer women engineers could graduate from col
48、lege.D. Because other fields have more magic to women.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the suggestions is NOT mentioned to keep women working in engineer?A. Creating better working environment for promotion.B. Making engineering jobs more family-friendly.C. Offering flexible work schedules.D. Calling o
49、n the attention from society.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While more and more Americans expand their wardrobes (衣柜) with the click of a mouse, the Japanese are a step ahead, buying clothes on their cell-phones. Its almost exactly the same as shopping on a computer, just smaller and more mobile. In Japan, cell-phone commerce is an $83 billion industry. The leader is Xavel, which launched girls walker, com the first free-of-charge cell-phone consumer entrance. Six years later, its the countrys most popular cell-phone, shopping site getting 100
