1、考研英语(一)-69 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The majority of people, about nine out of ten, are right-handed. 1 until recently, people who were left-handed were considered 2 , and once children showed this tendency they were forced to use their right hands. Today left-ha
2、ndedness is generally 3 , but it is still a disadvantage in a world 4 most people are right-handed. For example, most tools and implements are still 5 for right-handed people. In sports 6 contrast, doing things with the left hand or foot, is often an advantage. Throwing, kicking, punching or batting
3、 from the “ 7 “ side may result in throwing 8 many opponents who are more accustomed to dealing with the 9 of players who are right-handed. This is why, in many 10 at a professional level, a 11 proportion of players are left-handed than in the population as a whole. The word “right“ in many language
4、s means “correct“ or is 12 with law- fulness, whereas the words associated 13 “left“, such as “sinister“, generally have 14 associations. Moreover, among a number of primitive peoples, there is 15 close association between death and the left hand. In the past, in 16 Western societies, children were
5、often forced to use their right hands, especially to write with. In some cases the left hand was 17 behind the child“s back so that it could not be used. If, in the future, they are allowed to choose, 18 will certainly be more left-handers, and probably 19 people with minor psychological disturbance
6、s as a result of being forced to use their 20 hand.（分数：10.00）A.DownB.NeverC.UpD.NotA.uniqueB.eccentricC.normalD.abnormalA.acceptedB.admittedC.approvedD.acknowledgedA.whenB.thatC.whereD.whichA.orderedB.designedC.plannedD.supposedA.byB.forC.atD.withA.properB.indirectC.correctD.wrongA.awayB.downC.offD.
7、upA.minorityB.majorityC.plentyD.lackA.gamesB.hobbiesC.activitiesD.roundsA.moreB.higherC.betterD.smallerA.relatedB.mixedC.connectedD.combinedA.byB.withC.toD.atA.negativeB.positiveC.similarD.equalA.theB.anyC.someDaA.allB.mostlyC.anyD.mostA.tiedB.attachedC.broughtD.removedA.thoseB.theseC.thereD.theyA.o
8、nB.moreC.greaterD.fewerA.leftB.rightC.eitherD.correct二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Scottish countryside will soon be home to creatures which is strange to Britain. This spring, 17 beavers (海狸) will be released into a remote area of rivers and f
9、orests. Hunted to extinction throughout Europe, beavers haven“t roamed Britain“s wilderness for almost 500 years. Ecologists would like to invite back other long-lost species to help restore the natural balance. To save the country“s plants from deer, which have doubled to 2 million since the start
10、of this decade, an Oxford University biologist late last year called for reintroducing the lynx (猞猁)a wildcat that died out in Britain 1,300 years ago. Nature has long been a popular cause in Europe. British people love their countryside of fences and fields, the French their vineyards (葡萄园) and the
11、 Germans their hiking forests. But in recent years conservationists have set their sights on the more distant past, when Europe“s forests and meadows were full of elephants, hippo-potamuses (河马), rhinoceroses(犀牛) and big cats. Some ambitious conservationists are now advocating a return to norms of w
12、ilderness that date back to 11,000 years ago when the biggest mammals were at the top of the food chain. Nobody is advocating allowing elephants and lions to run crazily in this densely populated region. But wilding supporters would give free control to a long list of lesser mammals, including the b
13、eaver and the lynx, which some people fear could be destructive. Some landowners withdraw at the thought of beavers cutting down trees with their teeth and flooding their property; the Scottish Parliament rejected several earlier efforts to reintroduce the mammal. Proposals to set loose wolves and b
14、ears in Britain have also encountered resistance. Although rhinos and hippos thrived in Europe thousands of years ago, no one is sure what effect they would have on ecosystems now. “The idea of bringing back big mammals is interesting, but when you get down to the nuts and bolts, there“s a lot of qu
15、estions,“ say some biologists. For example, elephants could destroy what little forest and grassland Europe has left. The beavers of Tierra del Fuego provide a cautionary tale. When a failed commercial fur farm released its few remaining beavers into the wild 60 years ago, the population exploded, a
16、nd they are still revenging the local people. Is this Britain“s future? Supporters say no, the beaver will fit right in. Destroying nature is not a job for the mild.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “roamed“ (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.strolledB.releasedC.cultivatedD.exploded(2).Why did
17、the Oxford University biologist called for reintroducing the lynx late last year?（分数：2.00）A.Because lynx has died out in Britain 1,300 years agoB.Because lynx can prevent the vegetation from being destroyed by deerC.Because there are too many deer in BritainD.Because the biologist wanted to invite b
18、ack the long-lost species(3).What can we learn from Para. 3?（分数：2.00）A.Not all the people support setting loose wild animals in BritainB.Some small mammals will be out of control in BritainC.The landowners don“t like beavers because of the possible disastersD.British Parliament has proposed several
19、times to bring beavers back(4).What is the opinion of the biologists about bringing back the mammals?（分数：2.00）A.They consider bringing them back to be fantasticB.They think bringing them back is no easy taskC.They know for sure the result of bringing them backD.They think the mammals will destroy th
20、e ecosystem(5).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Beavers are the most useful mammals to the balance of BritainB.Lynx may get more freedom in Britain than tigers doC.The ecosystem in Britain doesn“t need any changesD.Beavers released in Britain will destroy the nature like the beavers
21、of Tierra del Fuego五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It“s probably not what you think. Years of clinical research proves that the real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom, not our power of will or austerity (苦行). Joy of living is sustainable;
22、 fear of dying is not. Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There“s no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that“s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, exercise, quit smoking, manage stress better, and love more, they find that they feel so much
23、better, so quickly, it reconstruct the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living. Fortunately, the latest studies show how dynamic and powerful are the mechanisms that control our health and well-being. When you exercise and eat right: Your brain receives more blood flow an
24、d oxygen, so you become smarter, think more clearly, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed that just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many new nerve cells to grow that it actually increased the size of people“s brains! Your face receives more blood
25、 flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly. Smoking accelerate aging because nicotine (尼古丁) causes your blood vessel to become narr
26、ower, which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are. One of the most interesting findings in this study was that the mothers“ perceptions of stress were more important than what was objectively occurring in their l
27、ives. The researchers made a survey among women and asked them to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day, and how out of control their lives felt to them. The women who perceived that they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres (染色体端粒) compared
28、 with those who felt more relaxed. Conversely, some of the women who felt relaxed despite raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres. In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is the key to sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?
29、（分数：2.00）A.Joy, freedom and willpowerB.Giving up something for something even betterC.Quitting smoking, loving more and exercisingD.Reconstructing reasons for making changes(2).According to the passage, what“s the benefit of exercising and eating right?（分数：2.00）A.Your brain will be more powerful and
30、 you will look youngerB.You will feel more energetic if you have more sleep than usualC.You will have more willpower to quit smokingD.Your blood will flow slowly and you will wrinkle prematurely(3).What does “prematurely“ (Line 6, Para. 4) mean?（分数：2.00）A.Before one is matureB.Before expected timeC.
31、At an inappropriate timeD.Not thoroughly(4).What can we learn about the study carried out on mothers?（分数：2.00）A.The stress on mothers changes their understanding of lifeB.Mothers put stress into three levels so that they can be better disposedC.They feel stress each day and they learn not to let str
32、ess control their lifeD.The feeling of stress mothers have do affect their physical health(5).What conclusion can we draw from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Our diet, lifestyle and perception of stress have great impact on ourselvesB.When we exercise and eat right, only our brain and face are benefitedC.Sm
33、okers are more mature than those who don“t smokeD.Mothers are the group who are most easily influenced by stress六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For years, researchers have struggled to understand why so many women leave careers inscience and engineering. Theories run the gamut (整个范围), from family-unfriendly
34、 work schedules to natural differences between the genders. A new paper by McGill University economist Jennifer Hunt offers another explanation: women leave such jobs when they feel disappointed about pay and the chance of promotion. Her first finding was that women actually don“t leave jobs in scie
35、nce at an above average rate. The difference, Hunt found, comes from the engineering sector. That“s not simply because women are exiting the workforce to raise families. About 21% of all graduates surveyed were working in a field unrelated to their highest college degree. That proportion held steady
36、 for both men and women. Yet in engineering, there was a gap. About 10% of male engineers were working in an unrelated field, while some 13% of female engineers were. Women who became engineers disproportionately left for other sectors. The survey suggests options such as working conditions, pay, pr
37、omotion-opportunities, job location and family-related reasons. As it turned out, more than 60% of the women leaving engineering did so because of dissatisfaction with pay and promotion opportunities. More women than men left engineering for family-related reasons, but that gender gap was no differe
38、nt than what Hunt found in nonengineering professions. “It doesn“t have anything to do with the nature of the work,“ says Hunt. The question then becomes why women engineers feel so stifled (窒息) when it comes to pay and promotion. Women also left fields such as financial management and economics at
39、higher than expected rates. The commonality, like engineering, those sectors are male-dominated. Some 74% of financial-management degree holders in the survey sample were male. Men made up 73% of economics graduates. And to take one example from engineering, some 83% of mechanical-engineer grads wer
40、e male. Jennifer Hunt concludes that focusing on making engineering jobs more family-friendly aloneby offering flexible work schedules, saymisses an important part of the mark. If we desire to keep women working as engineers, whether for their sakes or society“s, then a better focus may be creating
41、work environments where women feel more able to climb the career ladder.（分数：10.00）(1).What makes women leave careers in science and engineering according to Jennifer Hunt?（分数：2.00）A.Family-unfriendly work schedulesB.Innate differences between gendersC.Dissatisfaction with the pay and promotion oppor
42、tunitiesD.Insufficient interest in science and engineering(2).From the survey we can infer that _.（分数：2.00）A.About 21% of men and 21% of women were working in an unrelated fieldsB.About 10% of male engineers were working in an unrelated fieldC.Some 13% of female engineers were working in an unrelate
43、d fieldD.77% of men and women engineers were working in related field(3).Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Jennifer Hunt finds women who leave jobs in science are at a higher average rateB.Working conditions, job location, family-related reasons account fo
44、r the trendC.More women than men left their jobs for family-related reasons in all professionsD.The survey shows that 83% of engineer graduates were male(4).Why do female engineers feel upset when talking about pay and the chance of promotion?（分数：2.00）A.Because in a male-dominated field women have n
45、o advantageB.Because women are not good at engineering and scienceC.Because fewer women engineers could graduate from collegeD.Because other fields have more magic to women(5).Which of the suggestions is NOT mentioned to keep women working in engineer?（分数：2.00）A.Creating better working environment f
46、or promotionB.Making engineering jobs more family-friendlyC.Offering flexible work schedulesD.Calling on the attention from society七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)While more and more Americans expand their wardrobes (衣柜) with the click of a mouse, the Japanese are a step ahead, buying clothes on their cell-
47、phones. It“s almost exactly the same as shopping on a computer, just smaller and more mobile. In Japan, cell-phone commerce is an $83 billion industry. The leader is Xavel, which launched girls walker, com the first free-of-charge cell-phone consumer entrance. Six years later, it“s the country“s mos
48、t popular cell-phone, shopping site getting 100 million hits a day. Its partner, girls auction, com boasts 1.5 million members and $43 million monthly cell-phone transactions. “If I was going to do business, I was going to do it with women in their 20s and 30s,“ says the CEO. “I wondered why nobody
49、thought of it, considering they are such a huge market.“ Another thing nobody thought of was a buy-it-as-you-see-it fashion show. In August, Xavel threw Japan“s largest fashion event to date, the Tokyo Girls Collection. (1)The 12,600 attendees and 15 million people watching the live cell-phone broadcast could purchase items on their phones as soon as they appeared on the catwalk. Shin Akamatsu launched his Joias line at the festival and received more orders than the established labels did. “We struck gold right from the beginning,“ says the creative director, who saw $4.2 mill
