1、考研英语(一)-70 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material 1
2、 in three or four years“ study. In most career paths academic knowledge only 2 a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a “training“ form of degree, 3 a few of the procedures or methods 4 in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly 5 reflects the g
3、reater specialization of most work tasks compared 6 studying. Many graduates are not 7 with the variety involved in 8 from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year 9 very standardized job demands. Academic work values 10 inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realizatio
4、n and self-development. Emphasis is placed 11 generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling 12 information to make a “rational“ decision, appreciating basic 13 and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher 14 encourages the feeling of b
5、eing 15 in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. 16 , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development 17 and invest heavily in “human capital“for example, by rotating graduate trainees to 18 their work experiencesyou are still likely to notice and feel 19 about some major restr
6、ictions of your 20 and activities compared with a study environment.（分数：10.00）A.restrictedB.coveredC.spreadD.confirmedA.admitsB.equipsC.statesD.formsA.hardlyB.scarcelyC.evenlyD.onlyA.practicedB.describedC.encounteredD.analyzedA.thereB.someC.thisD.itA.withB.againstC.uponD.fromA.contestB.contentC.cont
7、actD.contractA.transferringB.transmittingC.translatingD.transportingA.beforeB.forC.orD.toA.uniqueB.singleC.individualD.specificA.byB.onC.acrossD.throughA.adequateB.definiteC.valuableD.profitableA.beliefsB.conceptsC.religionsD.faithsA.positionB.principleC.reputationD.educationA.consistedB.dealtC.enga
8、gedD.workedA.By contrastB.That isC.ThereforeD.MeanwhileA.lawsB.rulesC.policiesD.studiesA.improveB.introduceC.varyD.gainA.strangeB.ashamedC.funnyD.sorryA.hobbiesB.interestsC.subjectsD.concerns二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1956, when the cold war
9、was at its peak, America deployed a “secret sonic weapon“, as a newspaper headline put it at the time. That weapon was Dizzy Gillespie, a famed jazz musician, who was given the task of changing the world“s view of American culture through rhythm and beat. Crowds poured into the street to dance. Cult
10、ural diplomacy died down after the cold war ended. But the attacks of September 11th 2001 convinced the State Department to send out America“s musicians once again to woo hearts and minds with melody. Rhythm Road, a program run by the State Department and a non-profit organization, Jazz at Lincoln C
11、entre, has made informal diplomats out of both musicians and audiences. Since it began in 2005, musicians have travelled to 96 countries. One band went to Mauritania, a country in northwestern Africa, after last year“s coup; many depart for countries that have strained relationships with America. Th
12、e musicians travel to places where some people have never seen an American. Jazz, so participants in the program, is well-suited to diplomacy. It is collaborative, allowing individuals both to harmonize and play solomuch like a democracy, says Ari Roland, who plays bass for a band that left New York
13、 to tour the Middle East on March 31st. Jazz is also a reminder of music“s power. It helped break down racial barriers, as enthusiasts of all colors gathered to listen to jazz when segregation was still the law of the land. The State Department spent 10 million U.S. dollars on cultural diplomacy pro
14、grams in the year to September 30th 2008. But most expect funding for the initiative to increase under Barack Obama, who pledged his support for cultural diplomacy during his campaign. Rhythm Road now sends out hip-hop and bluegrass bands as well. There are some dissenters. Nick Cull, the director o
15、f the Public Diplomacy Program at the University of Southern California, thinks that these diplomatic projects would be more productive if they were not administered by the same agency that oversees the country“s foreign-policy agenda. And there is also clamor for Mr. Obama to appoint a secretary of
16、 culture in his cabinet. What good, they ask, is sending American culture abroad, when the country is not giving it proper attention at home?（分数：10.00）(1).Why was Dizzy Gillespie regarded as a “secret sonic weapon“ in 1956?（分数：2.00）A.He was deployed to help the UB.He was assigned to beat enemies at
17、the peak of the cold warC.He had the power to influence the world during the cold warD.He could help to reshape a new image of American culture to the world(2).What is the position of cultural diplomacy in American politics?（分数：2.00）A.It has always been highly valued throughout historyB.It was a vit
18、al weapon in the second half of the 20th centuryC.It was neglected for decades after once being successfulD.It was welcomed by American citizens during the war(3).The word “well-suited“ (Line 2, Para. 3) most probably implies _.（分数：2.00）A.the participants of the program are all well dressedB.jazz mu
19、sic is collaborative as well as individualC.the participants are suitable for the programD.jazz music best represents the democratic spirit(4).The Rhythm Road program _.（分数：2.00）A.only involves professional musiciansB.is a cultural and political programC.aims at America“s opponent countriesD.sends o
20、ut mainly bands of Jazz music(5).The last paragraph suggests that _.（分数：2.00）A.the cultural democracy programs are not successful and productive at allB.Barack Obama fails to realize his pledges for support to cultural democracyC.the government should emphasize American culture only at homeD.authori
21、ties should give more attention to American culture domestically五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In many places water is becoming scarcer. Treating it as a right makes the scarcity worse. Ideally, efficient water use would be encouraged by charging for it, but attempts to do so have mostly proved politically
22、 impossible. A more practicable alternative is a system of tradable waterusage rights. As our explains, many water problems have global causes: population growth, climate change, urbanization and, especially, changing diets. It takes 2,000 liters of water to grow a kilo of vegetables but 15,000 lite
23、rs to produce a kilo of beefand people are eating more meat. The problems also have global implications. Without a new green revolution, farmers will need 60% more water to feed the 2 billion extra people who will be born between now and 2025. Yet there is, globally, no shortage of water. Unlike oth
24、er natural resources (such as oil), water cannot be used up. It is recycled endlessly, as rain, snow or evaporation. On average, people are extracting for their own uses less than a tenth of what falls as rain and snow each year. The central problem is that so much water is wasted, mainly by farmers
25、. Agri-culture uses three-quarters of the world“s water. Because water is usually free, thirsty crops like alfalfa (苜蓿) are grown in arid California. Wheat in India and Brazil uses twice as much water as wheat in America. Dry countries like Pakistan export textiles though a 1 kg bolt of cloth requir
26、es 11,000 liters of water. Any economist knows what to do: price water to reflect its value. But decades of trying to do that for agriculture have run into powerful resistance from farmers. They reject scarcity pricing for the reason that water falls from the skies. No government owns it, so no gove
27、rnment should charge for it. There is a way out. Australian farmers have the right to use a certain amount of water free. They can sell that right to others. But if they want more water themselves, they must buy it from a neighbor. The result of this trading is a market that has done what markets do
28、: allocate resources to more productive use. Australia has endured its worst drought in modern history in the past ten years. Water supplies in some farming areas have fallen by half. Yet farmers have responded to the new market signals by switching to less thirsty crops and kept the value of farm o
29、utput stable. Water productivity has doubled. Australia“s system overcomes the usual objections because it confirms farmers“ rights to water and lets them have much of it for nothing.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, what could be an efficient way to use water?（分数：2.00）A.Adopting the system of
30、 water right owned by the governmentB.Charging for water in places where water is becoming scarcerC.Taking political measures to interfere with the water issueD.Making it a free market for people to trade water-usage rights(2).The author mentions “It takes 2,000 liters of water to grow a kilo of veg
31、etables but 15,000 liters to produce a kilo of beefand people are eating more meat.“ (Lines 24, Para. 2) to _.（分数：2.00）A.highlight the importance of new green revolution for our livesB.urge people to take effective actions to solve water shortageC.emphasize changing diets mainly contributes to water
32、 problemsD.warn people of the trouble of population growth in the future(3).According to the third paragraph, which is true about water?（分数：2.00）A.There is no such thing as water shortage in the world at allB.It can be recycled in the form of rain, snow or evaporationC.Less than a tenth of water is
33、extracted for human use each yearD.Only what fails as rain and snow can be made full use of(4).What causes the central problem that so much water is wasted mainly by farmers?（分数：2.00）A.Because farmers can use water for agriculture freeB.Because agriculture uses 75% of the world“s waterC.Because most
34、 farmers are not aware of water shortageD.Because too many thirsty crops are grown in dry countries(5).Which of the following is a method suggested by the author to reflect water“s value in the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.People should only be entitled to certain amount of water freeB.People can borro
35、w water from their neighbors when necessaryC.People are free to bargain for water in market in their daily livesD.People have the right to trade water to raise water productivity六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn“t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year
36、-old manicurist isn“t cutting, filling or polishing as nails as she“d like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I“m a good economic indicator,“ she says, “I provide a service t
37、hat people can do without when they“re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard“s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus, “I don“t know it other clients are going to abandon me, too.“ She says. Even before Ala
38、n Greenspan“s admission that America“s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealer-ships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of t
39、heir revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year“s pace. But don“t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimisti
40、c about the economy“s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Consumers say they“re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there“s a new gold rush happ
41、ening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses.“ Says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-e
42、state broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this slow-down. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn“t mind a little fewer buddles in the job market. Many consumers seem to
43、 have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan“s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan policies on education. 根据原文的意
44、思：老板们制定的是开明的人事发展政策，而非具有法律效力的法律，也不是具体的规章、规则，故选项 C policies正确。选项 A laws意为“法律”，范畴太广；选项 B rules意为“规则”，太具体，概念太小；选项 D studies意为“研究”，与本句没有什么关系。A.improveB.introduceC.vary D.gain解析：考点 此题属于语义搭配题 vary意为“使不同，变化”，例如：(1)Salary scales vary from state to state. (2)The samples varied in quality but were generally ac
45、ceptable. 根据上下文的意思，前面有 rotate一词，指不停地换工作以便获得多种经历，故选项 C vary正确。选项 A improve意为“改进”，不能与经历搭配；选项 B introduce意为“介绍”，不合题意；选项 D gain意为“获得”，虽可与下文的 experiences连用，但不够准确。A.strangeB.ashamedC.funnyD.sorry 解析：考点 此题属于语义搭配题 sorry意为“遗憾的”，根据句子的意思，人们对所受的约束(restrictions)感到遗憾，故选项 D sorry正确。选项 A strange意为“奇怪的”；选项 Bashamed意
46、为“惭愧的”，用于人，例如：You should be ashamed of yourself. 选项 C funny意为“滑稽的”。A.hobbiesB.interests C.subjectsD.concerns解析：考点 此题属于语义搭配题 interests意为“兴趣”，根据文章的第一句话，从学习环境转换到工作环境就意味着兴趣受到限制。此处所表达的意思与之差不多：哪怕公司人事政策开明，你仍然会对自己的兴趣、活动的受限感到遗憾，故选项 B interests正确。选项 A hobbies意为“业余爱好”；选项 C subjects意为“科目”；选项 D concerns意为“关注的事”。
47、二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In 1956, when the cold war was at its peak, America deployed a “secret sonic weapon“, as a newspaper headline put it at the time. That weapon was Dizzy Gillespie, a famed jazz musician, who was given the task of changi
48、ng the world“s view of American culture through rhythm and beat. Crowds poured into the street to dance. Cultural diplomacy died down after the cold war ended. But the attacks of September 11th 2001 convinced the State Department to send out America“s musicians once again to woo hearts and minds wit
49、h melody. Rhythm Road, a program run by the State Department and a non-profit organization, Jazz at Lincoln Centre, has made informal diplomats out of both musicians and audiences. Since it began in 2005, musicians have travelled to 96 countries. One band went to Mauritania, a country in northwestern Africa, after last year“s coup; many depart for countries that have strained relationships with America. The musicians travel to places where some people have never seen an American. Jazz, so participants in the program, is well-suited to diplomacy. It is c
