1、考研英语(二)-10 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.For most of the past 25 years, no single person or company has been powerful enough to control how the A
2、merican Internet works. One U U 1 /U /Ufor that was the diffuse and chaotic nature of its online economya kind of U U 2 /U /UWild West where thousands of producers U U 3 /U /Uthe attention of the masses. In this environment, no single company, not U U 4 /U /Ugiants like Google U U 5 /U /UFacebook, U
3、 U 6 /U /Uenough traffic to bend the networks free-market checks and balances.The infrastructure of the Internet helped U U 7 /U /Ueveryone on a level playing field as well. All players, from individuals to U U 8 /U /Ucompanies, had to pay an Internet service provider (ISP) a flat U U 9 /U /U, based
4、 on the speed or volume of the service, for online U U 10 /U /U. In U U 11 /U /Ufor those fees, the ISPs would expand and maintain their pipes and pass their customers traffic to and from another set of companies that owned the larger, global transit ways for online U U 12 /U /U. It was, for a time,
5、 a marvelous architecture, fundamentally unlike any of the other networks in American lives. There was no government ownership U U 13 /U /Uwith the interstate highway system, no U U 14 /U /Ulong-distance plans as with phone networks and no individual postage required to send content as with the U.S.
6、 Postal Service.But in recent years, that unique U U 15 /U /Uhas started to crack, and the reason is the size of the biggest players. A decade ago, thousands of companies U U 16 /U /Uin the daily buzz of Internet traffic, said Craig Labovitz, the CEO of DeepField, a network-research firm. By 2009, 1
7、50 companies U U 17 /U /Uhalf of all that traffic, and by early this year, just 30 companies U U 18 /U /Uthe U U 19 /U /Uof the daily give-and-take. As of March, just two companies in particularNetflix and Google, which owns YouTubeaccounted for 47% of all Internet traffic during prime-time hours at
8、 night, U U 20 /U /USandvine, a network-equipment company.（分数：10.00）(1). A.reason B.opinion C.fact D.idea（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A.ordered B.disordered C.systematic D.realistic（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A.applied for B.called for C.competed for D.sought for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A.even B.only C.likely D.but
9、分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A.neither B.nor C.either D.or（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A.controlled B.dominated C.determined D.independent（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A.take B.get C.keep D.work（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A.trivial B.medium C.giant D.small（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A.fee B.fare C.bill D.account（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10)
10、 A.reach B.attain C.process D.access（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A.change B.exchange C.search D.charge（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A.information B.protection C.security D.communication（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A.along B.alike C.as D.away（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A.troublesome B.burdensome C.likely D.costly（分数：0.50）A
11、B.C.D.(15). A.construction B.structure C.destruction D.reconstruction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A.contained B.retained C.maintained D.shared（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A.took for B.paid for C.accounted for D.looked for（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A.made up B.made from C.made of D.made off（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A.
12、minority B.majority C.part D.portion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A.regardless of B.because of C.as for D.according to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called fora new era of
13、scientific discovery. “Now is the time to reach a level of research and development not seen since the height of the space race,“ he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on research. As The Economist went to press, A
14、mericas government was about to do the opposite.Federal spending is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this “sequester“ (Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction) but the sequester itself is brutally simple. America will
15、 cut $85 billion from this years budget (about 2.5% of spending), split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early research into monoclonal antibodies. By 2010 such research und
16、erpinned five of Americas 20 bestselling drugs. As drug firms trim their budget, the NIHs work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003, inflation-adjusted spending on medical research has declined.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that _. A.U.S. will spend more on research B.Ob
17、ama objected to the project to map the human brain C.Obama praised scientists endeavour on scientific research D.regenerative medicine is an area America focuses on for long（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Federal spending is to be cut because of _. A.deficit B.sequester C.complex politics D.dysfunction of Cong
18、ress（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “squeezed“ (Para. 2) most probably means _. A.cut B.split C.spent D.triggered（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from Paragraph 3-4 that _. A.America is no more the worlds No. 1 engine for innovation B.Americas dominance in research is not as eminent as before C.China spe
19、nds twice more on R that its deals with publishers may unfairly exclude competitors; and that it prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhere.Mr. Almunia asked Google to propose by the end of January ways of meeting his concerns. He has not yet said what it suggested or how he will respond.
20、 European antitrust cases have a habit of dragging on. Just ask Microsoft.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is true? A.Microsoft is the only software giant in the world. B.A great majority of PCs use Windows as operating system. C.There are many alternatives for users ex
21、cept Internet Explorer. D.The Commission found no evidence of Microsofts abuse of its dominance.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Microsoft was fined because _. A.it excluded other competitors B.it abused its dominance in software C.it had a big lapse in its operating system D.it did not include the choice scree
22、n as promised（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one is NOT among the dominant companies in the area of computer browsers? A.Apple. B.Google. C.Mozilla. D.Microsoft.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The commissioner believes all EXCEPT that _. A.Google may favour its own services at rivals cost B.Google abuses its domina
23、nce in PC operating systems C.Google prevents advertisers from taking their data elsewhere D.the way Google deals with publishers may exclude competitors（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _. A.European antitrust cases usually end quickly B.Google will soon propose a way t
24、o solve its problem C.Microsoft may be more experienced in dealing with antitrust cases D.Monopoly in the area of online search and operating system will soon vanish（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The sharing economy is a little like online shopping, which started in America 15 years ago
25、 At first, people were worried about security. But having made a successful purchase from, say, Amazon, they felt safe buying elsewhere. Similarly, using Airbnb or a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try other offerings. Next, consider eBay. Having started out as a peer-to-pe
26、er marketplace, it is now dominated by professional “power sellers“ (many of whom started out as ordinary eBay users). The same may happen with the sharing economy, which also provides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely to rent them out, for example.Incumbents are
27、getting involved too. Avis, a car-hire firm, has a share in a sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler, two car-makers. In future, companies may develop hybrid models, listing excess capacity (whether vehicles, equipment or office space) on peer-to-peer rental sites. In the past, new ways of doing things
28、 online have not displaced the old ways entirely. But they have often changed them. Just as internet shopping forced Walmart and Tesco to adapt, so online sharing will shake up transport, tourism, equipment-hire and more.The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel
29、 taxes, for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track down unlicensed hotels. In some American cities, peer-to-peer taxi services have been banned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms. The danger is that although some rules need to be updated to protect consumers from ha
30、rm, incumbents will try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax, of course, but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rules that typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.The sharing economy is the latest example of the internet
31、s value to consumers. This emerging model is now big and disruptive enough for regulators and companies to have woken up to it. That is a sign of its immense potential. It is time to start caring about sharing.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which one is NOT true? A.The first online purchase
32、 was made by Amazon. B.Some people buy cars in order to rent them out. C.When online shopping appeared, people worried its safety. D.Sharing economy may provide no opportunities for individuals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the definition of sharing economy, which may NOT be shared? A.Cars. B.Pe
33、ts. C.Rooms. D.Cameras.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Online sharing will shake up all except _. A.tourism B.transport C.movie industry D.equipment-hire（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “bed-and-breakfast“ (Para. 3) refers to _. A.hotel B.taxi C.store D.restaurant（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We learn from the last paragr
34、aph that _. A.sharing economy will not go long B.sharing economy reveals consumers value C.regulators and companies should realize sharing economy D.sharing economy will replace traditional way in the near future（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BText 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“If Congress wont act soon to protect future
35、 generations, I will,“ Barack Obama said last month in his state-of-the-union speech. “I will direct my cabinet to come up with executive actions we can take, now and in the future, to reduce pollution, prepare our communities for the consequences of climate change, and speed the transition to more
36、sustainable sources of energy.“ This week Mr. Obama named the officials charged with fulfilling that directive: Gina McCarthy, his choice to head the Environmental Protection Agency, and Ernest Moniz, the prospective new secretary of energy. Their selection suggests that Mr. Obama is indeed serious
37、about tackling climate change, but not doctrinaire in his approach.Ms. McCarthy already works at the EPA, where she is in charge of air quality. That has given her a leading role drafting the administrations most ambitious and controversial environmental rules, including limits on emissions of green
38、house gases for new power plants and strict fuel-efficiency requirements for cars. She is the natural candidate to oversee the most obvious and consequential step Mr. Obama could take to stem global warming: a regulation curbing emissions from existing power plants.Republicans do not fancy that idea
39、 at all, and have introduced bills in Congress to strip the EPA of its regulatory authority over greenhouse gases. They often accused Lisa Jackson, the agencys previous boss, of disregarding the cumulative impact of its many clean-air rules, and suffocating industry as a result.Yet Ms. McCarthy make
40、s an unlikely target. She has worked for Republican governors in Massachusetts and Connecticut. Industry groups mustered kind words about her nomination. As Mr. Obama put it, “Shes earned a reputation as a straight-shooter.“（分数：10.00）(1).Barack Obama will take steps to do all EXCEPT _. A.reducing po
41、llution now and in the future B.finding more sustainable sources of energy C.preparing for the consequences of climate change D.investing more funds for public health care system（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the first paragraph, we can conclude that _. A.Obama will take environmental protection
42、seriously B.Obama will reduce the use of“ car to reduce air pollution C.America will soon find sustainable sources for their descendants D.America faces the more serious environmental problem compared with other nations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The roles Ms. McCarthy is playing include all EXCEPT _. A.pl
43、acing limits on greenhouse gas emissions B.introducing bills about environment to Congress C.drafting the administrations environmental rules D.supervising Mr. Presidents steps on global warming（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the Republicans attitude towards Obamas step taken to stop global warming? A.
44、Approval. B.Skepticism. C.Disapproval. D.Indifference.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What can we learn about Ms. McCarthy from the last paragraph? A.Her goal cannot be achieved. B.She was once a shooter in army. C.She used to work against Republican. D.She won the support of the President.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.八、B
45、Part B/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions:Read the following text and choose the best answer from the right column to complete each of the unfinished statements in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.The casino at the smart Atlantis resort
46、 on Paradise Island in the Bahamas is bigger than 20 tennis court. Tourists flit from slot machine to roulette table, drift past Temples of the Sun and Moon and walk by Crystal Gate and Poseidons Throne. But the only Bahamians in sight are waiters, croupier and cashiers.The Bahamas legalised casino
47、gambling in 1969, when they were still a British colony. But mainly because of the influence of local pastors, both Bahamians and foreigners who live in the country are banned from gambling.This has not stopped residents from placing bets. Instead, they gamble off the books in “number houses“ or “webshops“legal internet cafes that offer illegal bets on the side and operate in plain sight. These have mushroomed in recent years, even as tourism
