1、考研英语(二)-19 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)I“m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they
2、 are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today“s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who w
3、ere treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America“s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolationbrought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other thingsand a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Giv
4、en that we can“t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress
5、. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are exposed to. It“s not just
6、 video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a
7、good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn“t have to ruin your life.（分数：25.00）(1).The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people“s state of mind are _.（分数：5.00）A.surprisingB.confusingC.illogicalD.questionable(2).What does the author mean when he say
8、s, “we can“t turn the clock back“ (Line 1, Para.3)?（分数：5.00）A.It“s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed.C.Lessons learned from the past should not be forgotten.D.It“s impossible to forget the past.(3).According to an analysis, compared
9、 with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _.（分数：5.00）A.were less isolated physicallyB.were probably less self-centeredC.probably suffered less from anxietyD.were considered less individualistic(4).The first and most important thing parents should do to help their chi
10、ldren is _.（分数：5.00）A.to provide them with a safer environmentB.to lower their expectations for themC.to get them more involved sociallyD.to set a good model for them to follow(5).What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?（分数：5.00）A.Anxiety, though unavoidable, can be coped with.B.Children“s anx
11、iety has been enormously exaggerated.C.Children“s anxiety can be eliminated with more parental care.D.Anxiety, if properly controlled, may help children become mature.It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage incre
12、ases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you don“t at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beth“s story: I did not get what I wanted wh
13、en I did not ask for it. We had cubicle offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next
14、in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice“ isn“t a quality attributed
15、to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, you“ll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your
16、boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for you
17、r services? Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.（分数：25.00）(1).According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _.（分数：5.00）A.demonstrate his capabilit
18、yB.give his boss a good impressionC.ask for as much money as he canD.ask for the salary he hopes to get(2).What can be inferred from Beth“s story?（分数：5.00）A.Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B.If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C.People should not be c
19、ontent with what they have got.D.People should be careful when negotiating for a job.(3).We can learn from the passage that _.（分数：5.00）A.unfairness exists in salary increasesB.most people are overworked and underpaidC.one should avoid overstating one“s performanceD.most organizations give their staf
20、f automatic pay raises(4).To get a pay raise, a person should _.（分数：5.00）A.advertise himself on the job marketB.persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC.try to get inside information about the organizationD.do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions(5).To be successful i
21、n negotiations, one must _.（分数：5.00）A.meet his boss at the appropriate timeB.arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC.be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD.be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikesWhen families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal tradit
22、ions dating back to Grandma“s generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best. But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday l
23、ook. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times. Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobsone-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to
24、 more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier. Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman f
25、or Royal Doulton admitted that the company “has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend“ toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television. Even dinner parties, if they happen at
26、 all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that it“s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect momentor a “real“ dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a
27、 fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time? Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed.“ “Keep your
28、elbows off the table.“) must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.（分数：25.00）(1).The trend toward casual dining has resulted in _.（分数：5.00）A.bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB.shrinking of the
29、pottery industryC.restructuring of large enterprisesD.economic recession in Great Britain(2).Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?（分数：5.00）A.Family members need more time to relax.B.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.C.People want to practice economy in time
30、s of scarcity.D.Young people won“t follow the etiquette of the older generation.(3).It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _.（分数：5.00）A.a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB.a dealer in stonewareC.a pottery chain storeD.a producer of fine china(4).The main cause of the layoffs i
31、n the pottery industry is _.（分数：5.00）A.the increased value of the poundB.the economic recession in AsiaC.the change in people“s way of lifeD.the fierce competition at home and abroad(5).Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _.（分数：5.00）A.are still a must on cer
32、tain occasionsB.are bound to return sooner or laterC.are still being taught by parents at homeD.can help improve personal relationshipsSome houses are designed to be smart. Others have smart designs. An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Arc
33、hitects. Located on the shore of Sullivan“s Island off the coast of South Carolina, the award-winning cube-shaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by Hurricane Hugo 10 years ago. In September 1989, Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000
34、homes in the state. Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolina“s shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasn“t strict, according to architect RayHuff, who created the cleverly-designed beach house. In Hugo“s wake, all new shoreline houses are required to me
35、et stricter, better-enforced codes. The new beach house on Sullivan“s Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour. At first sight, the house on Sullivan“s Island looks anything but hurricane-proof. Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a
36、 large party lantern“ at night, according to one observer. But looks can be deceiving. The house“s wooden frame is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength. To further protect the house from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilingslong, slender co
37、lumns of wood anchored deep in the sand. Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house. They also elevate the house above storm surges. The pilings allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it. “These swells of water come ashore at
38、 tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beach- front buildings.“ said Huff. Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed by the house“s ground-to-roof shell. “The shell masks the pilings so that the house doesn“t look like it“s standing with its pant legs pulled up.“ sa
39、id Huff. In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.（分数：25.00）(1).After the tragedy caused by Hurricane Hugo, new houses built along South Carolina“s shoreline are required _.（分数：5.00）A.to be easily reinforcedB.to look
40、smarter in designC.to meet stricter building standardsD.to be designed in the shape of cubes(2).The award-winning beach house is quite strong because _.（分数：5.00）A.it is strengthened by steel rodsB.it is made of redwoodC.it is in the shape of a shellD.it is built with timber and concrete(3).Huff rais
41、ed the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to _.（分数：5.00）A.withstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrB.anchor stronger pilings deep in the sandC.break huge sea waves into smaller onesD.prevent water from rushing into the house(4).The main function of the shell is _.（分数：5.00）A.to
42、strengthen the pilings of the houseB.to give the house a better appearanceC.to protect the wooden frame of the houseD.to slow down the speed of the swelling water(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be _.（分数：5.00）A.fancy-lookingB.waterproofC.easily breakableD.extremely stron
43、g考研英语(二)-19 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)I“m usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves than they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they
44、 are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today“s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who w
45、ere treated for mental illness 50 years ago. Why are America“s kids so stressed? The report cites two main causes: increasing physical isolationbrought on by high divorce rates and less involvement in community, among other thingsand a growing perception that the world is a more dangerous place. Giv
46、en that we can“t turn the clock back, adults can still do plenty to help the next generation cope. At the top of the list is nurturing a better appreciation of the limits of individualism. No child is an island. Strengthening social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress
47、. To help kids build stronger connections with others, you can pull the plug on TVs and computers. Your family will thank you later. They will have more time for face-to-face relationships, and they will get more sleep. Limit the amount of virtual violence your children are exposed to. It“s not just
48、 video games and movies; children see a lot of murder and crime on the local news. Keep your expectations for your children reasonable. Many highly successful people never attended Harvard or Yale. Make exercise part of your daily routine. It will help you cope with your own anxieties and provide a
49、good model for your kids. Sometimes anxiety is unavoidable. But it doesn“t have to ruin your life.（分数：25.00）(1).The author thinks that the conclusions of any research about people“s state of mind are _.（分数：5.00）A.surprisingB.confusingC.illogicalD.questionable 解析：(2).What does the author mean when he says, “we can“t turn the clock back“ (Line 1, Para.3)?（分数：5.00）A.It“s impossible to slow down the pace of change.B.The social reality children are facing cannot be changed. C.Lessons learned from the past s
