1、考研英语(二)-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of U
2、 U 1 /U /Uis partly to U U 2 /U /Uthings or processes with no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in terminology. U U 3 /U /U, they save time, for it is much more U U 4 /U /Uto name a process than describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very U U 5 /U /Uinclu
3、ded in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather U U 6 /U /Uthe outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.Different occupations, however, differ U U 7 /U /Uin their special vocabularies. It U U 8 /U /Ulargely of native words, or of borrowed words that have U U
4、 9 /U /Uthemselves into the very fibre of our language. U U 10 /U /U, though highly technical in many details, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally U U 11 /U /Uthan most other technical terms. U U 12 /U /U, every vocation still possesses a large U U 13 /U /Uof technical
5、terms that remain essentially foreign, even U U 14 /U /Ueducated people. And the proportion has been much U U 15 /U /Uin the last fifty years. Most of the newly U U 16 /U /Uterms are U U 17 /U /Uto special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowa
6、days, as all professions once U U 18 /U /Ua close federation. What is called “popular science“ makes everybody U U 19 /U /Uwith modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, U U 20 /U /Umade in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody i
7、s soon talking about it. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.（分数：10.00）(1). A. which B. what C. who D. whom（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2). A. describe B. talk about C. designate D. indicate（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3). A. Consequently B. In contrast C. However D
8、. Besides（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4). A. economical B. economic C. thrift D. economized（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5). A. properly B. possibly C. probably D. potentially（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6). A. in B. on C. at D. beyond（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7). A. largely B. widely C. generally D. extensively（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8). A. cons
9、titutes B. comprises C. composes D. consists（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9). A. worked B. made C. taken D. brought（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10). A. However B. Because C. Hence D. In addition（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11). A. understood B. considered C. known D. thought（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12). A. Therefore B. Yet C. In contrast D
10、. So（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13). A. series B. body C. set D. range（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14). A. for B. as C. to D. among（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15). A. decreased B. diminished C. increasing D. increased（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16). A. made B. coined C. produced D. formed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17). A. related B. addressing C. c
11、onfined D. connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18). A. is B. are C. was D. were（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19). A. associated B. known C. acquainted D. connected（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20). A. though B. when C. as D. since（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、BSection Readi(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPart A/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、BText 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Th
12、e world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of the International
13、 Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a force for go
14、od,“ he said. “Income in many countries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin American and Asia.“Yet George Frank, an in
15、fluential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,“ He said. “What is most important is that barr
16、iers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.“Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that glob
17、alization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside,“ she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globali
18、zation. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact t
19、hat globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,“ says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.“ Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force that must be halted,
20、“ a union official at a car plant in Detriot recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.“（分数：10.00）(1).Towards globalization, Michael Tenets attitude is most probably one of _. A. anxiety B. support C. cautious approval D. objectivity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Accordi
21、ng to the text, all of the followings are true EXCEPT _. A. Ever since the 1980s, there has been an increased level of poverty throughout Asia and the Latin America B. The effects of globalization used to be defined as positive C. Governments intervention may help ease the problem of increased pover
22、ty D. The whole world has undergone the wave of globalization（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).America is generally an active supporter of globalization partly due to _. A. the necessity of interfering in other countries domestic affairs B. the need of expanding its foreign trade C. its immense impact of culture
23、 upon other countries D. its arbitrary manipulation of global entertainment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Janice Yawees feelings about globalization are mentioned in the passage mainly to _. A. introduce her local culture and language B. illustrate the cultural implications of globalization C. comment on the
24、universality of McDonalds and English slang D. emphasize globalizations economic consequence（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The most appropriate title for this text could be _. A. The Tremendous Changes Caused by the Rise of Globalization B. Peoples Reactions to the Rise of Globalization C. Publics Anxiety abo
25、ut Globalizations effects D. Globalizations Cultural Impact and Economic Implications（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BText 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Henry Kissinger may be the most successful, certainly the most Uflamboyant/U, Secretary of State to hold that office in modern times. When he was appointed in the late 196
26、0s, there were no American ties with Communist China, Vietnam and Berlin seemed ready to draw the United States into a Third World War, and Russia was seen as “the enemy“.But all this has changed, and Henry Kissinger caused much of the change; in 1971, he made his first trip to China, a trip that wa
27、s the beginning of the current ties between the United States and China. He brought the United States and Russia closer together on major issues by the policy he called “detente“, literally meaning a relaxation. His philosophy was always to talk and to bring together. With these two policies, Kissin
28、ger did much to draw attention away from any possible Russian-American friction.In 1973 he made his first visit to Egypt. Here he was able to begin U.S. relations with Egypt, He used his contact later to begin the sort of talks that the American press called “shuttle diplomacy“. For ninety-nine days
29、, he “shuttled“ back and forth on flights between Cairo and Jerusalem to work out a step-by-step withdrawal of Israeli troops from the Sinai desert. His wit, his careful approach to detail, and his presence made “shuttle diplomacy“ work. It was the only successful approach to Middle-east peace in th
30、e thirty years since the state Israel was founded.Another major work was the Strategic Arms Limitation Talk. Though his term in office passed with the treaty unsigned, Kissinger left a draft of the treaty to which the Russians had already agreed. The SALT treaty spelled out a one-tenth reduction in
31、nuclear arms, a major accomplishment by any standard, even if one does not consider all the other conditions and limitations included in the treaty.Even though he successfully helped bring an end to the Vietnam War, Kissingers final days in office were affected, as was the entire executive branch in
32、 one way or another, by the scandals of the Nixon White House. Kissingers critics point to his role in placing wiretaps on the phones of reporters and officials and to what they consider his “high-handed“ approach to setting foreign policy. But Kissinger, during the last few months of the Nixon pres
33、idency, limited the effects of American domestic problems on our foreign policy. He continued talks in the Middle East. He continued close contact with the Soviet Union.History will decide in the final view, as Kissingerand many presidentsoften said, on the value of his service. Whatever they decide
34、, whether his actions are finally to be considered wise or foolish, he had a personal vision that will be difficult to match.（分数：10.00）(1).We can draw a conclusion from the text that _. A. Kissinger did much to end the Cold War with the Communist World B. Kissinger helped smooth over numerous confli
35、cts in the world C. Kissinger, as the Secretary of State, was outstanding in American diplomacy D. many international problems would not have been solved without Kissinger（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Judging from the context, the word “flamboyant“ (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means _. A. arbitrary B. dazz
36、ling C. notorious D. ambiguous（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the text, all of the following are true EXCEPT _. A. One of Kissingers accomplishments was the signing of the SALT treaty B. It was with Kissingers help that America put an end to the Vietnam War C. The whole executive system was affect
37、ed by the scandals of the Nixon White House D. The present Sino-American diplomatic relationship originated from Kissingers first trip to China（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _. A. as a man of great insight, Kissingers personal vision is difficult to understand B
38、. such actions as Watergate scandals made Kissinger a controversial historical figure C. though he was an outstanding politician, Kissinger was unable to cope with domestic affairs D. it must be admitted that Kissingers personal insight was unparalleled（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors tone in the te
39、xt can be summarized as one of _. A. admiration B. sympathy C. suspicion D. objectivity（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BText 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Researchers are finding that boys and girls really are from two different planets. Boys and girls have different “crisis points“, experts say, stages in their emotional
40、and social development where things can go very wrong. Until recently, girls got all the attention. But boys are much more likely than girls to have discipline problems at school and to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Boys far outnumber girls in special-education classes. Theyre
41、also more likely to commit violent crimes and end up in jail.Even normal boy behavior has come to be considered pathological (病态的) in the wake of the feminist movement. An abundance of physical energy and the urge to conquer these are normal male characteristics, and in an earlier age they were good
42、 things, even essential to survival. “If Huck Finn or Tom Sawyer were alive today,“ says Michael Gurian, author of The Wonder of Boys, “wed say they had ADD.“ He says one of the new insights were gaining about boys is a very old one: boys will be boys. “They are who they are,“ says Gurian, “and we n
43、eed to love them for who they are. Lets not try to Urewire/U them.“But what exactly is the essential nature of boys? Even as infants, boys and girls behave differently. A recent study at Childrens Hospital in Boston found that boy babies are more emotionally expressive; girls are more reflective. (T
44、hat means boy babies tend to cry when theyre unhappy; girl babies suck their thumbs) This could indicate that girls are innately more able to control their emotions. Boys have higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of neurotransmitter serotonin, which inhabits aggression and impulsivity. Tha
45、t may help explain why more males than females carry through with suicide or become alcoholics.Theres struggle a desire and need for warmth on the one hand and a pull toward independence on the other. Boys are going through what psychologists long ago declared an integral part of growing up: individ
46、ualization and disconnection from parents, especially mothers. But now some researchers think that process is too abrupt. When boys repress normal feelings like love because of social pressure, says William Pollack, head of the Center for Men at Bostons McLean Hospital, “theyve lost contact with the
47、 genuine nature of whom they are and what they feel. Boys are in a silent crisis. The only time we notice it is when they pull the trigger.“（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph? A. Boys and girls are different. B. Boys need more attention than girls. C. Girls almost need no help from society. D. Boys are more difficult to educate than girls.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can be inferred about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn (Para.2)? A. They were more like toda
