1、考研英语(二)-20 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of the main natural history research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located in the w
2、est of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It 1 7 hectares in its total area, 2 classical types of buildings. The 3 of ancient creatures and humanity is 4 the first place of all the museums in the world, 5 the representative samples from South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia
3、were collected, besides those from the 6 country, the United States. In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and animals in the 7 times and those in modern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with different 8 from 500 to 1,500 squar
4、e metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in 9 of President Roosevelt who supported the 10 of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhibition, showing the new important 11 on natural sciences and 12 affairs and social problems, and special topics connected closely with
5、the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation 13 to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural science and centres for citizens. There are more than 10 14 research departments mainly 15 for collection of samples, research and work of publi
6、cation. In the museum, there are 16 and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines 17 natural history, many of 18 are very valuable monographs for the first edition. It has published many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materia
7、ls, 19 which are the two magazines, Natural History and Members of Museum that have the biggest 20 of their magazines.（分数：10.00）A.exploresB.demonstratesC.expandsD.coversA.withB.ofC.inD.onA.displayB.fossilC.analysisD.collectionA.inB.ofC.byD.atA.whereB.thatC.whichD.whoseA.wholesomeB.feasibleC.nativeD.
8、weirdA.originalB.contemporaryC.oppositeD.ancientA.regionsB.areasC.sitesD.venuesA.propositionB.memoryC.profileD.quotationA.causeB.fateC.propertyD.fortuneA.obstaclesB.discoveriesC.obligationsD.inventionsA.presentB.crucialC.currentD.prevalentA.fansB.loversC.addictsD.actorsA.subjectB.declarationC.course
9、D.rehearsalA.evidentB.reliableC.responsibleD.excessiveA.librariesB.clinicC.congressD.lobbyA.ofB.forC.fromD.onA.whomB.whatC.whichD.thatA.inB.byC.forD.amongA.publicationB.symposiumC.circulationD.tactic二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)If soldiering was f
10、or the money, the Special Air Service (SAS) and the Special Boat Service (SBS) would have disintegrated in recent years. Such has been the explosion in private military companies (PMCs) that they employ an estimated 30,000 in Iraq aloneand no government can match their fat salaries. A young SAS troo
11、per earns about 2,000 ($3,500) a month; on the “circuit“, as soldiers call the private world, he could get 15,000. Why would he not? For reasons both warm-hearted and cool-headed. First, for love of regiment and comrades, bonds that tend to be tightest in the most select units. Second, for the opera
12、tional support, notably field medicine, and the security, including life assurance and pension, that come with the queen“s paltry shilling. Although there has been no haemorrhaging of special force (SF) fighters to the private sector, there has been enough of a trickle to cause official unease. A me
13、mo recently circulated in the Ministry of Defence detailed the loss of 24 SF senior non-commissioned officers to private companies in the past year. All had completed 22 years of service, and so were eligible for a full pension, and near the end of their careers. Yet there is now a shortage of hard-
14、bitten veterans to fill training and other jobs earmarked for them, under a system for retaining them known as “continuance.“ America has responded to the problem by throwing cash at it, offering incentives of up to $150,000 to sign new contracts. The Ministry of Defence has found a cheaper ploy. It
15、 has spread the story of two British PMC employees, recently killed in Iraq, whose bodies were left rotting in the sun.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the private world is called “circuit“ by soldiersB.PMCs employ an estimated 30,000 soldiers in Iraq alone
16、C.Britain“s best soldiers stand resolute against mammonD.A young SBS trooper earns about 15,000(2).The word “security“ in the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.protectionB.documentC.certificateD.safety(3).Paragraph 2 is written to _.（分数：2.00）A.advance both warm-hearted and cool-heade
17、d causesB.reinterate the significance of queen“s paltry shillingC.shed light on the love of regiment and comradesD.interpret why young SAS troopers would not get 15,000(4).The conclusion can be made from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.the Ministry of Defence detailed 24 SBS troopersB.the fat
18、salaries by the private military companies have worked to some SF troopersC.the present system for retaining hard-bitten veterans is impeccableD.20 years of service underlies a full pension(5).In the last paragraph of the text, the author has _.（分数：2.00）A.comment on a tipB.anticipate a resultC.made
19、a contrastD.depict a sample五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)As any diplomat from Britain, Austria or Turkey can tell you, handling the legacy of a vanished, far-flung empire is a tricky business. But for Georgia, the gap between old glory and present vulnerability is especially wide. Today“s Georgia is dimin
20、ished by war, buffeted by geopolitics and recovering from post-Soviet chaos. But 800 years ago the country was a mighty military, cultural and ecclesiastical force. Its greatest monarch, Queen Tamara, defeated many foes (including her first husband) and built fine monuments. In her time, Georgia als
21、o had a big stake in the Christian life of the Holy Land. From Jerusalem to the Balkans, Georgia“s priests, artists and church-builders were active and respected. So too were its poets, like Shota Rustaveli, the national bard who dedicated an epic to his beloved queen. In between seeking western aid
22、 and coping with power cuts, modern Georgia has pledged to keep a wary eye on every place where churches, inscriptions and frescoes testify to its golden age. That includes Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania and above all, Israel. Last year, Georgians were enraged when a fresco of Rustaveli, in a Jer
23、usalem church under the care of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, was defaced, then badly restored. This year, a better restoration was done, but Georgians now want a promise that in all future restoration their own experts can take part. They also want to stop the seepage of Georgian frescoes and ic
24、ons, supposedly under the Patriarchate“s care, on to the art market. Several times, Georgia has had to use its meagre resources to buy back pieces of the national heritage. The hope is that things will improve with the recent election of a new Jerusalem Patriarch, after his predecessor was ousted un
25、der a cloud of scandal. Georgia“s ties with Israel are good, thanks to a thriving Georgian-Jewish community with happy memories of its homeland. Georgia also gets along with Greece, amid a lug of sentimentality over legends about the Argonauts that link the two nations. But can these warm, fuzzy fee
26、lings translate into better protection for an ancient culture? That will be a challenge for Gela Bezhuashvili, who succeeds Salome Zourabichvili, the French-born diplomat who was sacked, after a power struggle, as Georgian foreign minister on October 19th.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “tricky“ in the first
27、 paragraph of the text denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.deceptiveB.craftyC.toughD.tacit(2).According to the text, Georgia used to be influential in _.（分数：2.00）A.religionB.agronomyC.medicineD.horticulture(3).Romania is mentioned in the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.illustrate a fresco of RustaveliB.demonstrate the wester
28、n aid Georgia obtainedC.indicate Georgia“s golden ageD.specify the scope of Georgia“s lookout(4).It can be inferred from the text that the prospect of Georgia“s heritage protection _.（分数：2.00）A.is to be a power struggleB.is liable to become betterC.is to be a cloud of scandalD.is likely to become ac
29、tive and respected(5).The author“s attitude toward the transformation mentioned in the last paragraph is _.（分数：2.00）A.affirmativeB.criticalC.negativeD.cautious六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fear seems to be the dominant mood of the moment. Hurricanes, tidal waves, floods, earthquakes and terrorism this yea
30、r have all brought with them not only appalling scenes of devastation, death and suffering, but also outrage at the lack of preparations to avoid or cope with these disasters. Now even the birds of the air are a threat, we are told. That migrating flock visible on the horizon at sunset, once a conso
31、ling reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature, could be carrying the virus which might soon kill tens of millions of people. Given the many fingers pointed at governments in the wake of other disasters this year, it is hardly surprising that they are scrambling to respond to the threat posed by avi
32、an influenza. After confirmation this week that the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has been spreading quickly in Asia, had been discovered in Romania and perhaps Greece, European Union foreign ministers convened an emergency meeting. President George Bush, still smarting from a torrent of criticism
33、of his government“s clumsy response to Hurricane Katrina, has promised to rush out emergency plans for dealing with an outbreak of pandemic flu which have been stalled for years. Countries around the world are hurrying to stockpile the only current antiviral drug, Tamiflu, which might be effective i
34、n saving lives in any pandemic or curbing its spread. The World Health Organisation is calling for an internationally co-ordinated effort. Health ministers from around the globe are due to meet next week in Canada to discuss what steps to take. Is any of this effort justified? Or are politicians sim
35、ply helping to feed public panic, and then covering themselves by promising to spend lavishly against a threat which may never materialize and to reduce a risk which they do not understand? To ask these questions is not to counsel complacency, but to apply the kind of test which is required in any k
36、ind of disaster planning, not least because the world is an inherently dangerous place and it is impossible to plan against every possible disaster. With the media full of warnings of impending mass death, an overreaction is all too possible.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph
37、that _.（分数：2.00）A.strong resentment resulted from the lack of preparations to cope with recent disastersB.the dominant mood of the moment resulted in the appalling scenes of devastationC.tens of millions of people could carry the virus on the horizonD.reminder of the eternal rhythms of nature emerge
38、d at sunset to avoid these disasters(2).According to the text, American emergency plans for coping with an outbreak of pandemic flu _.（分数：2.00）A.have been stipulatedB.have been enactedC.have been abolishedD.have been delayed(3).Which of the following remarks on our available antiviral medication wou
39、ld the author make?（分数：2.00）A.Effective but poisonous.B.Harmful but populous.C.Meager and not reliable.D.Affordable and palatable.(4).The phrase “not least“ in the last but one sentence of the text means（分数：2.00）A.at mostB.not at allC.marginallyD.particularly(5).It can be inferred from the last para
40、graph of the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.strong and intense response derive from the mass mediaB.the attempts to be made can no longer be justified by their intentionC.public panic would be diluted by politicians“ promiseD.the only remedy is to spend lavishly against a threat七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The i
41、dea is as audacious as it altruistic: provide a personal laptop computer to every schoolchildparticularly in the poorest parts of the world. The first step to making that happen is whittling the price down to $100. And that is the goal of a group of American techno-gurus led by Nicholas Negroponte,
42、the founder of the fabled MIT Media Lab. When he unveiled the idea at the World Economic Forum in January it seemed wildly ambitious. But surprisingly, it is starting to become a reality. Mr. Negroponte plans to display the first prototype in November at a UN summit. Four countriesBrazil, Egypt, Tha
43、iland and South Africahave said they will buy over l m units each. Production is due to start in late 2006. How is the group, called One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), able to create a laptop so inexpensively? It is mainly a matter of cleverly combining existing technologies in new ways. The laptop will h
44、ave a basic processor made by AMD, flash memory instead of a hard disk, will be powered by batteries or a hand-crank, and will run open-source software. The $100 laptop also puts all the components behind the screen, not under the keyboard, so there is no need for an expensive hinge. So far, OLPC ha
45、s got the price down to around $130. But good news for the world“s poor, may not be such great news for the world“s computer manufacturers. The new machine is not simply of interest in the developing world. On September 22nd, Mitt Romney, the governor of Massachusetts, said the state should purchase
46、 one for every secondary-school student, when they become available. Sales to schools are just one way in which the $100 laptop could change the computer industry more broadly. By depressing prices and fuelling the trend for “good-enough computing“, where customers upgrade less often, it could event
47、ually put pressure on the world“s biggest PC-makers.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following is beyond the public“s anticipation?（分数：2.00）A.The idea of cheap trick is starting to come true.B.OLPC is able to create so inexpensive laptops.C.Every secondary-school student will purcha
48、se a $100 laptop.D.Sales to schools are just one way to display the first prototype.(2).The creation of the cheap laptop mentioned in the text relies on _.（分数：2.00）A.hi-tech innovation by experienced scientistsB.novel means of combinationC.basic processors manufactured by AMDD.the state-of-art facil
49、ities and equipment(3).It can be inferred from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.South Africa has claimed that it will purchase over one million unitsB.the idea is as audacious as it altruisticC.the flash memory will be supplanted by a hard diskD.the desired price of the laptop has not been reached yet(4).Mitt Romney is mentioned in the text so as to _.（分数：2.00）A.evidence the cause for the disappointment of the international computer makers in the goal of OLPCB.illustrate good news for the world“s poorC.appea
