1、考研英语-177 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)On April 20, 2000, in Accra, Ghana, the leaders of six West African countries declared their intention to proceed to monetary union among the non-CFA franc countries of the region by January 2003, as first step toward a wider moneta
2、ry union including all the ECOWAS countries in 2004. The six countriesU (1) /Uthemselves to reducing central bank financing of budget deficitsU (2) /U10 percent of the previous years governmentU (3) /U; reducing budget deficits to 4 percent of the second phase by 2003; creating a Convergence Council
3、 to helpU (4) /Umacroeconomic policies; andU (5) /Uup a common central bank. Their declarationU (6) /Uthat, “Member StatesU (7) /Uthe needU (8) /Ustrong political commitment andU (9) /UtoU (10) /Uall such national policiesU (11) /Uwould facilitate the regional monetary integration process.“The goal
4、of a monetary union in ECOWAS has long been an objective of the organization, going back to its formation in 1975, and is intended toU (12) /Ubroader integration process that would include enhanced regional trade andU (13) /Uinstitutions. In the colonial period, currency boards linked sets of countr
5、ies in the region.U (14) /Uindependence,U (15) /U, these currency boards wereU (16) /U, with theU (17) /Uof the CFA franc zone, which included the francophone countries of the region. Although there have been attempts to advance the agenda of ECOWAS monetary cooperation, political problems and other
6、 economic priorities in several of the regions countries have toU (18) /Uinhibited progress. Although some problems remain, the recent initiative has been bolstered by the election in I999 of a democratic government and a leader who is committed to regionalU (19) /Uin Nigeria, the largest economy of
7、 the region, raising hopes that the long-delayed project can beU (20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.committedB.devotedC.adjustedD.attributedA.toB.byC.withD.untilA.financeB.profitC.incomeD.revenueA.coordinateB.draftC.ordinateD.compromiseA.buildingB.settingC.foundingD.erectingA.saysB.writesC.readsD.statesA.acceptB.u
8、nderstandC.recognizeD.realizeA.forB.ofC.withD.withoutA.commenceB.undertakeC.initiateD.tryA.pursueB.seekC.questD.exploreA.whichB.thatC.asD.whatA.accompanyB.enforceC.executeD.compelA.commonB.separateC.severalD.publicA.TowardsB.FromC.ByD.OnA.thereforeB.moreoverC.howeverD.thusA.dissolvedB.dischargedC.di
9、smissedD.dispelledA.considerationB.intentionC.exceptionD.regardA.dateB.degreeC.extentD.a wayA.developmentB.prosperityC.integrationD.cooperationA.revivedB.renewC.restoreD.refreshed二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BThe food you eat does more than provide energy. It can have a dramatic effect on
10、 your bodys ability to fight off heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones. With remarkable consistency, recent research has found that a diet high in plant-based foodsfruits, vegetables, dried peas and beans, grains, and starchy staples such as potatoesis the body
11、s best weapon in Uthwarting/U many health-related problems. These foods work against so many diseases that the same healthy ingredients you might use to protect your heart or ward off cancer will also benefit your intestinal tract and bones.Scientists have recently estimated that approximately 30 to
12、 40 percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized high-fat, high-calorie edibles that have scant nutritional value. Up to 70 percent of cancers might be eliminated if people also stopped smoking, exercised regularly, and controlled
13、 their weight. In the past, researchers had linked fat consumption with the development of cancers, but they currently believe that eating fruits, vegetables, and grains may be more important in preventing the disease than not eating fat. “The evidence about a high-fat diet and cancer seemed a lot s
14、tronger several years ago than it does now,“ says Melanie Polk, a registered dietitian and director of nutrition education at the American Institute for Cancer Research.The road to strong bones is paved with calcium-rich food. Leafy green vegetables and low-fat dairy products are excellent sources o
15、f calcium, the mineral that puts stiffness into your skeletal system and keeps your bones from turning rubbery and fragile. Your body uses calcium for more than keeping your bones strong. Calcium permits cells, to divide, regulates muscle contraction and relaxation, and plays an important role in th
16、e movement of protein and nutrients inside cells. If you dont absorb enough from what you eat to satisfy these requirements, your body will take it from your bones. Because your body doesnt produce this essential mineral, you must continually replenish the supply. Even though the recommended daily a
17、mount is 1,200mg, most adults dont eat more than 500mg. One reason may have been the perception that calcium-rich dairy products were also loaded with calories. “In the past, women, in particular, worried that dairy products were high in calories,“ says Letha Y. Griffin, M. D. , of Peachtree Orthopa
18、edics in Atlanta. “But today you can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.“ Also, low-fat dairy products contain phosphorous and magnesium and are generally fortified with vitamin D, all of which help your body absorb and use calcium.
19、If you find it difficult to include enough calcium in your diet, ask your doctor about supplements. Theyre a potent way to get calcium as well as vitamin D and other minerals. But if you rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet, you wont benefit from the other nutrients that food provides. Getti
20、ng the recommended vitamin D may be easy, since your body makes the vitamin when your skin is exposed to the suns rays.（分数：10.00）(1).Which kind of food is recommended to prevent heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke, and weak bones?（分数：2.00）A.Calcium-rich food.B.Plant-based an
21、d starchy staples food.C.High-fat, high-calorie food.D.Vitamin D-rich food.(2).The underlined word “thwart“ (Para. 1) most probably means“_“（分数：2.00）A.destroyB.forbidC.cureD.prevent(3)._percent of all cancers could be averted if people ate more fruits, vegetables, and plant-based foods and minimized
22、 high-fat, high-calorie edibles.（分数：2.00）A.30-40B.40-50C.50-60D.60-70(4).According to the passage, cancers may take some healthy steps other than_.（分数：2.00）A.stop smokingB.exercise regularlyC.take non-fat dietD.control their weight(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Today yo
23、u can get calcium without eating any high-fat or high-calorie foods by choosing skim milk or low-fat yogurt.B.Calcium plays an important role in the movement of protein and nutrients inside cells.C.You can rely on pills instead of a calcium-rich diet to take enough calcium.D.If you want to absorb ca
24、lcium, you should expose yourself to the suns rays.BText 2/BA multinational corporation is a corporate enterprise, which though headquartered in one country, conducts its operations through branches that it owns or controls around the world. The organizations, mostly based in the United States, West
25、ern Europe, and Japan, have become major actors on the international stage, for some of them are wealthier than many of the countries they operate in. The less developed countries often welcome the multinationals because they are a source of investment and jobs. Yet their presence has its drawbacks,
26、 for these organizations soon develop immense political and economic influence in the host countries. Development becomes concentrated in a few industries that are oriented to the needs of the outsiders; profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested; and local benefits go mainly to a small
27、ruling group whose interests are tied to those of the foreigners rather than to those of their own people. The effect is to further increase export dependency and to limit the less developed countries control of their own economies.It seems that both the modernization and world-system approaches may
28、 be valid in certain respects. The modernization model does help us make sense of the historical fact of industrialization and of the various internal adjustments that societies undergo during this process. The world-system model reminds us that countries do not develop in isolation. They do so in a
29、 context of fierce international political and economic competition, a competition whose outcome favors the stronger parties.Today, the less developed countries are struggling to achieve in the course of a few years the material advantages that the older industrialized nations have taken generations
30、 to gain. The result is often a tug-of-war between the forces of modernization and the sentiments of tradition, with serious social disturbance as the result. The responses have taken many different forms: military overthrow by army officers determined to impose social order; fundamentalist religiou
31、s movements urging a return to absolute moralities and certainties of the past; nationalism as a new ideology to unite the people for the challenge of modernization. And sometimes social change takes place in a way that is not evolutionary, but revolutionary.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do the less developed c
32、ountries welcome the multinationals?（分数：2.00）A.Because multinationals are more developed.B.Because multinationals bring investment and jobs.C.Because multinationals conduct their operations through branches.D.Because multinationals are wealthier.(2).Which of the following is NOT the problems brought
33、 by multinationals?（分数：2.00）A.They limit the host countrys control of their own economies.B.Profits are frequently exported rather than reinvested.C.Various industries develop in the host country.D.They increase the host countrys export dependency(3).Which of the following is most likely to benefit
34、from the fierce international political and economic competition?（分数：2.00）A.The host industries.B.The local people.C.Those stronger and richer countries.D.The local ruling group.(4).What does the word “tug-of-war“ probably refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Serious social disorder.B.Military overthrow by army offi
35、cers.C.Fierce international political and economic competition.D.Struggle between modernization and the sentiments of tradition.(5).What is the root cause of serious social disturbance in less developed countries?（分数：2.00）A.Violent social change.B.Military overthrow.C.Nationalism.D.Fundamentalist re
36、ligious movements.BText 3/BHawaiis native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelagos political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the Second World War and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origin,
37、 is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaiis native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the states homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the ave
38、rage Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaiis first native governor, John Waihee, has given the natives cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to re-es
39、tablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy with the stateas enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state ag
40、ency set up in 1978 to represent to natives interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious in the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given gr
41、eater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood as native.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crow
42、n land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US $136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to l
43、egally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.（分数：10.00）(1).Hawaiis native minority refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.people of Filipino originB.the Ka Lahui groupC.people with 50% Hawaiian bloodD.Hawaiis ethnic groups(2).Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives?（分数：2.00）A.Th
44、ey are the only native group without sovereignty.B.Their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C.Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.D.Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.(3).Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?（分数：2.00）A.He suggest
45、ed that the native people decide for themselves.B.He is leading the local independence movement.C.He is Hawaiis first native governor.D.He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.(4).Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?（分数：2.00）A.The Hawaiian
46、natives.B.American Indian natives.C.Office of Hawaiian Affairs.D.The Ka Lahui group.(5).Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.more back rent on the crown landB.full independence from the USC.a greater autonomy within the stateD.a claim on the Hawaiian crown landBText 4
47、/BThe Pakistani president, Gen. Pervez Musharraf, announced here today that a delegation of Pakistani officials would fly to the Taliban s headquarters in the southern Afghan city of Kandahar Monday to renew demands that the militia surrender Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Laden.U.S. officials have named
48、Bin Laden, who has been given shelter by the Taliban rulers in Afghanistan, as the prime suspect in Tuesdays terrorist attacks in Washington and New York.“We are aware of the gravity of the situation and know that in the lives of nations, such situations do arise that require making important decisi
49、ons,“ Musharraf said at a meeting with Pakistani newspaper editors.The Talibans leader, Mohammad Omar, has refused to give up Bin Laden, claiming he is not responsible for the U.S. attacks.“The Pakistan government is leaning on the Taliban government to hand over Osama to save this entire region from catastrophe,“ said Najam Sethi,
