1、考研英语-188 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)BDirections:/BRead the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Digital photography is still new enough that mast of us have yet to form an opinion about it, much less U
2、(1) /U a point of view. But this hasnt stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing U(2) /U the early U(3) /U wisdom about digital cameras - theyre neat U(4) /U for your PC, but theyre not suitable for everyday picture-taking.The fans are wrong: more than anything else, digital cameras are radi
3、cally U(5) /U what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography as we know U(6) /U is beginning to seem out of U(7) /U with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder culture, saving pictures U(8) /U digital files and watching them on TV is no less U(9) /U - and in m
4、any ways more U(10) /U - than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be U(11) /U.Paper is also terribly U(12) /U . Pictures that are incorrectly framed, focused, or lighted are nonetheless U(13) /U to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the U(14) /U . S
5、till images that are U(15) /U digitally can immediately be shown on a computer monitor, TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And since the points of light that U(16) /U an image are saved as a series of digital bits in U(17) /U memory, U(18) /U being perman
6、ently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted on-line.Whats it like to U(19) /U with one of these digital cameras? Its a little like a first date - exciting, confusing and fraught with U(20) /U.（分数：10.00）A.refuteB.evaluateC.representD.developA.ofB.toC.withD.onA.conventionalB
7、.profoundC.collectiveD.perfectA.auxiliariesB.componentsC.hardwaresD.apparatusA.prescribingB.adjustingC.redesigningD.redefiningA.itB.thatC.whichD.asA.actionB.stepC.touchD.placeA.likeB.asC.forD.intoA.valuableB.usefulC.economicalD.practicalA.commonB.complexC.appealingD.annoyingA.loadedB.processedC.expo
8、sedD.rewoundA.unnecessaryB.uncharitableC.unworthyD.unforgivingA.faithfulB.loyalC.dedicatedD.committedA.directionsB.rulesC.disciplinesD.doctrinesA.viewedB.capturedC.displayedD.drawnA.compriseB.consistC.constituteD.includeA.electronicB.limitedC.shortD.photographicA.less thanB.much lessC.apart fromD.ra
9、ther thanA.dischargeB.shootC.manipulateD.workA.feasibilitiesB.possibilitiesC.lucksD.chances二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPart A/BBDirections:/BRead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.BText 1/BThe planets wil
10、d creatures face a new threat - from yuppies, empty nesters, singletons and one parent families. Biologists studying the pressure on the planets dwindling biodiversity today report on a new reason for alarm. Although the rate of growth in the human population is decreasing, the number of individual
11、households is exploding. Even where populations have actually dwindled - in some regions of New Zealand, for instance - the number of individual households has increased, bemuse of divorce, career choice, smaller families and longer lifespans.Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University and colleagues f
12、rom Stanford University in California re- port in Nature, in a paper published online in advance, that a greater number of individual house-holds, each containing on average fewer people, meant more pressure on natural resources. Towns and cities began to sprawl as new homes were built. Each househo
13、ld needed fuel to heat and light it; each household required its own plumbing, cooking and refrigeration. “In larger households, the efficiency of resource consumption will be a lot higher, because more people share things,“ Dr. Liu said. He and his colleagues looked at the population patterns of li
14、fe in 141 countries, including 76 “hotspot“ regions unusually rich in a variety of endemic wildlife. These hot spots included Australia, New Zealand, the US, Brazil, China, India, Kenya, and Italy. They found that between 1985 and 2000 in the “hotspot“ parts of the globe, the annual 3.1% growth rate
15、 in the number of households was far higher than the population growth rate of 1.8%.“Had the average household size remained at the 1985 level,“ the scientists report, “there would have been 155m fewer households in hotspot countries in 2000. Paradoxically, smaller households do not mean smaller hom
16、es. In Indian River county, Florida, the average area of a one-storey, single family house increased 33 % in the past three decades.“Dr. Lius work grew from the alarming discovery that the giant pandas living in Chinas Wolong reserve were more at risk now than they were when the reserve was first es
17、tablished. The local population had grown, but the total number of homes had increased more swiftly, to make greater inroads into the bamboo forests.Gretchen Daily of Stanford, one of the authors, said: “We all depend on open space and wild places, not just for peace of mind but for vital services s
18、uch as crop pollination, water purification and climate stabilization. The alarming thing about this study is the finding that, if family groups continue to become smaller and smaller, we might continue losing biodiversity - even if we get the aggregate human population size stabilised.“（分数：10.00）(1
19、).The first paragraph mainly tells us that（分数：2.00）A.the amount of wildlife is diminishing.B.the population of human is decreasing.C.New Zealanders live an unstable life.D.the structure of families is changing.(2).According to Dr. Lius paper, the dwindling of biodiversity is due to（分数：2.00）A.the red
20、uction in average home size.B.the improvement of living conditions.C.the increasing number of residences.D.the decline of population growth rate.(3).“Hotspot“ regions(Line 7, Para. 2) refer to（分数：2.00）A.tropical, zones.B.places of scenic beauty.C.areas with high population density.D.regions rich in
21、a variety of creatures.(4).The significance of open space and wild places lies in that（分数：2.00）A.they can relax our minds.B.they provide dwellings for us.C.they keep the ecosystem balanced.D.they act as animal reserves.(5).Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Sm
22、aller Households, Larger Damage.B.Wildlife, Also Right to Live.C.Soaring Population, Rising Hazard to Wildlife.D.Environmental Pollution, Enormous Threat to Wildlife.BText 2/BBrowse through the racks of dresses, skirts, and tops in almost any trendy clothing store in fashion-savvy Argentina, and whe
23、ther you find something that fits depends on your size. But shops carry few - if any - options for curvaceous women. When you go into a store and find an extra large, you know that it is really the equivalent of a medium or even a small based on American standards. You feel frustrated because you st
24、art to think that everybody is like this, and that you are big. But thats not true.In this beauty-conscious nation, which has the worlds second-highest rate of anorexia, many are partially blaming the countrys clothing industry for offering only tiny sizes of the latest fashions. The result is a dan
25、gerous paradox of girls and women adapting to the clothes rather than clothes adapting to them. The Argentine legislature is considering whether to force clothing manufacturers to cover “all the anthropometric measurements of the Argentine woman“ up to extra large size. The bill also addresses the r
26、elated problem of so-called “tricky“ labeling in which S, M, and L designations vary by brand and are smaller than international standards.The proposal has raised eyebrows in a historically flirtatious society skeptical of government and well known for its obsession with beauty. “Argentina has the w
27、orlds highest rates of aesthetic surgery,“ says Mabel Bello, founder of the Association for the Fight Against Anorexia. “When you are talking about how preoccupied with beauty our society is, that is the most telling statistic.“For experts such statistics spell futility for legal remedies. “These ty
28、pes of laws are not going to cause lasting changes,“ says Susana Saulquin, a sociologist of fashion. “A better way to address the problem is through public education that emphasizes balanced eating habits over an unrealistic ideal of beauty.“ Currently, companies try to preserve brand image by cater
29、ing to young and extremely thin customers, but over time, she believes, a more balanced view of beauty will emerge.For their part, industry groups condemn the hill as overreaching state intervening. They say their business decisions are guided by consumer demand. “We are not in favor of anything tha
30、t regulates the market,“ says Laura Codda, a representative of major clothing manufacturers. “Every clothing company has the right to make anything they can sell - any color, any sizes.“ She says her group is not opposed to measures that would standardize sizing, but she notes that many, if not most
31、, clothes in Argentine stores already carry the numerical designations called for in the bill.If history is a guide, the fate of the proposed law is somewhat bleak. However, in 2005, the provincial government of Buenos Aires managed to pass a similar law - although the governor failed to sign it.（分数
32、：10.00）(1).What kind of women do “curvaceous women“ (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refer to?（分数：2.00）A.Well-proportioned and full-figured.B.Beautiful and charming.C.Slender and tall.D.Full-grown and healthy.(2).“Aesthetic surgery“ is mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.every woman has her rights to pu
33、rsue beauty.B.aesthetic surgery is terribly popular.C.the unrealistic pursuit of beauty is popular.D.aesthetic surgery is just a tricky trap.(3).According to the passage, Susana Saulquin（分数：2.00）A.disbelieves the statistics of aesthetic surgery.B.thinks the proposed law will work over time.C.regards
34、 the legal remedies as inadvisable.D.has developed good and balanced eating habits.(4).In the authors opinion, this kind of bill（分数：2.00）A.has cleared the legislature.B.still has a faint light of hope.C.is actually not necessary.D.is none of governments business.(5).The best title for this passage m
35、ay be（分数：2.00）A.Women Adapting to Cloths or Vice Versa.B.Who is the Arbiter, Manufactures or Customers.C.How to Standardize Clothes Sizing.D.Why So Few Large Size Clothes.BText 3/BThe global reputation of Japans animation industry - an animated cartoon industry - has never been higher, and at first
36、glance it would appear to be in rude health. In the opening weekend of Miyazakis new film, Howls Moving Castle, a record 1.1 million Japanese crammed into cinemas nationwide. It has since been seen at home by nearly 10 million people, and has made Japan the only country in which The Incredibles has
37、been kept out of the top slot.Yet Japans animators are full of gloom. They fear that the future is bleak and that the success enjoyed by Miyazaki and Studio Ghibli, which makes his films, is actually masking a sad decline. Indus- try experts say that not only is there a lack of creative talent on a
38、par with Miyazaki, but the overall standard of animators has fallen over the past decade as low pay and poor working conditions force many to quit. “Miyazaki cant be replaced, hes a one-off,“ says Jonathan Clements, a British animation expert, “Miyazaki isnt 100 per cent of Ghibli, but when he goes,
39、 the party is over.“The creative and commercial success enjoyed by Ghibli has afforded it a unique breathing space. For other studios, however, commercial pressures force work to be done at breakneck speed and on shoestring budgets. Veterans of the industry say quality has been sacrificed as televis
40、ion cartoon episodes are made for as little as 10,000.Many young animators rely on parental support to put them through animation schools and continue to need financial help just to afford to work in Tokyo, the worlds most expensive city. Yet, remarkably, animation has little problem attracting recr
41、uits. Dozens of students pore over desks painstakingly producing page after page of drawings. Most say they are aware that pay is low but desperately want to work in the industry they fell in love with as children through cartoons such as Doraemon, the blue talking cat, and Battle of the Planets. Bu
42、t reality often bites as animators reach their thirties, by which time they typically earn around a third of the average pay for Japanese their age and at lower hourly rates than supermarket clerks.Clements believes that the soul of animation is at stake. “Animation is, by definition, from Japan, bu
43、t its only a matter of time before the number of foreign contributors tips the balance, and what used to be animation becomes plain old cartoons,“ he says. “It may ultimately remove much of what makes animation appeal to its current foreign audience base: its exoticism.“（分数：10.00）(1).For the time be
44、ing, Japans animation industry is（分数：2.00）A.in a state of inactivity.B.somewhat promising.C.going from bad to worse.D.seemingly glorious.(2).By “. is there a lack of creative talent on a par with Miyazaki. “(Line 3, Paragraph 2) the author means（分数：2.00）A.Miyazaki is at his wits end.B.few are as inh
45、erently creative as Miyazaki.C.Miyazakis achievements are overestimated.D.there is lack of fresh blood in Japanese animation.(3).In Clements eyes, Japanese animation（分数：2.00）A.charms foreigners with its alien style.B.was founded by Miyazaki.C.is in lack of a soul.D.will be substituted by foreign con
46、tributions.(4).Many young animators pursue the career because they want to（分数：2.00）A.answer their parents expectation.B.fulfill their childhood dream.C.prosper animation industry.D.achieve economic success.(5).The best title for the passage might be（分数：2.00）A.Japanese Animation, Why is It to Decline
47、?B.Japanese Animation, Who is the Giant?C.Japanese Animation, What does It Need?D.Japanese Animation, How to Stick Out?BText 4/BIt is hard to box against a southpaw, as Apollo Creed found out when he fought Rocky Balboa in the first of an interminable series of movies. While “Rocky“ is fiction, the
48、strategic advantage of being left-handed in a fight is very real, simply because most fight-handed people have little experience of fighting left-handers, but not vice versa.The orthodox view of human handedness is that it is connected to the bilateral specialisation of the brain that has concentrat
49、ed language-processing functions on the left side of that organ. Because, long ago in the evolutionary past, an ancestor of humans underwent a contortion that twisted its head around 180 relative to its body, the left side of the brain controls the fight side of the body, and vice versa. In humans, the left brain is usuall
